Objective To explore the effect of Tai Chi Chuan exercise on immune function in the patients with coal workers' pneumoconiosis（CWP）. Methods Totally 35 CWP inpatients in Kailuan Occupational Disease Prevention and Control Hospital were selected from February 1-28 in 2019， they voluntarily taken the Tai Chi Chuan exercise seven times every week， one hour every time for three months. At one day before exercise and the second day after three months of exercise， the percentages of lymphocytes subsets CD3⁺， CD3⁺CD4⁺， CD3⁺CD8⁺， CD19⁺， CD16⁺+56⁺， the percentages of regulatory CD4⁺CD25⁺ T cells and CD19⁺CD25⁺ B cells were determined by a flow cytometer in the peripheral blood collected from CWP patients. The levels of serum immunoglobulin G（IgG）， IgM， IgA and CH50， C3， C4 complements were measured using immune-turbidimetric assay. Results After exercise， the levels of peripheral blood CD16⁺+56⁺ cells significantly increased as compared with before exercise，and the difference was statistically significant （P<0.05）. There were no significant differences in the levels of CD3⁺， CD3⁺CD4⁺，CD3⁺CD8⁺， and CD19⁺ cells （P>0.05）. However， the levels of CD4 ⁺CD25 ⁺ T cells and CD19 ⁺CD25 ⁺ B cells and the ratios of CD4 ⁺CD25 ⁺/CD4 ⁺ and CD19 ⁺CD25 ⁺/CD19 ⁺ after exercise significantly decreased as compared with before exercise， and the differences were statistically significant（all P<0.05）. The level of serum CH50 after exercise was significantly higher than that before exercise （P<0.05）， and the difference was statistically significant（P<0.05）. There were no significant differences in the levels of serum IgG， IgA， IgM， C3 and C4 （all P>0.05）. Conclusion Tai Chi Chuan exercise might affect the proportions distribution of peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets and the levels of complement component expression， and then affect the immune function of CWP patients.

Coal workers' pneumoconiosis, Tai Chi Chuan exercise, Lymphocyte subset, Immunoglobulin, Complement