Table of Content

15 January 2026, Volume 42 Issue 2

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Treatise

Influence and mediating role of fear of missing out and psychological capital on occupational burnout among nurses in pharmacy department

ZHAO Yuling, XU Zexin

2026, 42(2):  145-149. 

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Objective To investigate the state of fear of missing out，psychological capital level and degree of occupational burnout of nurses in the pharmacy department，analyze the influence and mediating role of fear of missing out and psychological capital on occupational burnout，and provide objective evidence for improving the occupational burnout of nurses in the pharmacy department. Methods From September 2024 to January 2025，174 nurses in the pharmacy department of nine grade-A tertiary hospitals in Hebei Province were selected by the simple random sampling method as the research subjects. The fear of missing out scale，psychological capital scale and occupational burnout scale were applied in the investigation，and the correlation between the three was analyzed. The differences in fear of missing out，psychological capital and occupational burnout scores among different factors were compared. A structural equation model was established using AMOS 25.0 software to analyze the mediating role of psychological capital between fear of missing out and occupational burnout. Results The scores of fear of missing out，psychological capital and occupational burnout in the pharmacy nurses were （28.49±5.74），（88.65±15.48） and （60.47±11.75）points，respectively. There were statistically significant differences in the scores of fear of missing out among pharmacy nurses of different age，professional technical level，nursing work experience，average weekly nursing hours，average monthly income，and marital status（all P<0.05）. There were statistically significant differences in the scores of psychological capital among pharmacy nurses of different age，professional technical level，nursing work experience，and average monthly income（all P<0.05）. There were statistically significant differences in the scores of occupational burnout among pharmacy nurses of different age，professional technical level，nursing work experience，average weekly nursing hours，and average monthly income（all P<0.05）. The job burnout of nurses in the pharmacy department was positively correlated with fear of missing out（P<0.01），and negatively correlated with psychological capital（P<0.01）. The fear of missing out was negatively correlated with psychological capital（P<0.01）. The psychological capital of pharmacy nurses partially mediated between fear of missing out and occupational burnout，with a mediating effect value of 0.260，accounting for 44.22% of the total effect. Conclusions The job burnout of pharmacy nurses is positively correlated with fear of missing out and negatively correlated with psychological capital. The psychological capital plays a partial mediating role between fear of missing out and occupational burnout. Improving the psychological capital of pharmacy nurses can significantly improve fear of missing out and occupational burnout.

Analysis of working posture and risk level evaluation on musculoskeletal disorders among woodenfurniture operators

YU Qiaoli, YANG Yajun, YE Mengliang, SHI Xiongjie, ZHAO Jinhua, DUAN Yong

2026, 42(2):  150-155. 

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Objective To identify the poor working posture on musculoskeletal disorders of woodenfurniture operators，evaluate the risk grade of working posture，and to provide scientific basis for preventing work-rated musculoskeletal disorders in the working population. Methods In June 2024，a cluster sampling method was used to select 575 workers from 8 wood furniture manufacturers in High-tech Zone of Changshou District of Chongqing as the research objects，and Ovako working posture analysis system（OWAS） method was applied to conduct on-site investigation and analysis of the workers' poor work posture，work load，and posture occurrence. Results Among 575 workers，the improper postures mainly occurred in the legs and back. The main improper postures of the legs were standing，walking and standing with both feet bent，with the number（composition ratio） being 292（50.8%），178（31.0%），and 98（17.0%），respectively.The main improper postures of the back were forward bending and bending with twisting，with the number（composition ratio） being 375（65.2%） and 142（24.7%），respectively. The leg risk level of 561 furniture factory workers was ≥2，and the back risk level of 465 workers was ≥2. Totally 521 operation workers needed to adopt improvement measures for their improper postures，with the proportion of action levels reaching 90.6%. Among them，the working postures of 50（43.1%） grinding workers and 14（24.6%） packaging workers were at the severe hazard action level. Conclusion The vast majority of woodenfurniture operators from 8 wood furniture manufacturers in High-tech Zone of Changshou District of Chongqing present with improper working postures，especially in the legs and back. Some working postures are at the severe hazard action level，particularly for grinding workers，followed by packaging workers，and relevant improvement measures need to be taken immediately.

Application of four kinds of occupational health risk assessment methods in health risk assessment of dust exposure positions in pipeline anti-corrosion enterprises in plateau areas

SHI Jia, ZHAO Shuhai, XU Mijuan, ZHANG Lifang, JIA Yu, HOU Wensheng

2026, 42(2):  156-160. 

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Objective To compare the applicability of four occupational health risk assessment methods in the health risk assessment of dust operation positions in pipeline anti-corrosion enterprises in high-altitude areas. Methods Taking dust exposure posts in pipeline anti-corrosion company in Qinghai Province as the research object，an on-site investigation and detection of occupational hazards were conducted in 2023.The classification of occupational hazards in the workplace of GBZ/T 229.1-2010 "Classification of Occupational Hazards in the Workplace Part 1：Productive Dust"，the comprehensive index method of GBZ/T 298-2017 "Technical Guidelines for Occupational Health Risk Assessment of Chemical Hazardous Factors in the Workplace"，the occupational health risk assessment model method（the quantitative method） of the International Council on Mining and Metals （ICMM），and the occupational hazard risk index method were used to evaluate the occupational health risk level in key dust exposure positions，and the results of four risk assessments were compared. Results The occupational health risk assessment results of each dust exposure position showed that all the posts were rated as relatively harmless operations（1st level） in the method of classification of occupational hazards in the workplace，and low risk（2nd level） in the comprehensive index method. The spraying position was rated as intolerable risk（5th level），the grinding position as very high risk（4th level），and the remaining positions all as high risks in ICMM quantitative method，all the positions as no hazard risk（1st level） in the occupational hazard risk index method. Four different methods were employed to calculate the risk ratios，and statistical analysis was performed using the statistical software SPSS 25.0. The Fleiss' Kappa value was calculated to be -0.274，which was less than 0.2，indicating a low overall consistency and statistically significant differences（P<0.01）. Conclusion All four risk assessment methods can evaluate the occupational health risks of dust exposure positions in pipeline anti-corrosion enterprises in high-altitude areas，but the assessment results are not consistent. Among them，the classification of occupational hazards in the workplace can be focusing on the posts exposed to dust with a high content of free silica，the ICMM quantitative method can quickly identify the key posts that enterprises should focus on in terms of dust exposure，and both the comprehensive index method and the occupational hazard risk assessment method can help enterprises improve and perfect their own hazard control measures.

Experimental study on subchronic toxicity of Guizhou produced Rosa sterilis var. leioclada in SD rats

WU Maorui, LIU Yongting, ZHENG Chong, LIN Ye, YIN Mingyue, LIU Liya

2026, 42(2):  161-167. 

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Objective To investigate the toxic effects of Rosa sterilis var. leioclada on SD rats，identify target organs，provide the estimation of the adverse effect level，and provide a research basis for the development of the characteristic plant resources as food ingredients. Methods Based on the results of the median lethal dose（LD₅₀） test，according to the "National standard of food safety 90-day oral toxicity test"，using Rosa sterilis var. leiocladaas the test material，SD rats as the experimental animals，set up four dosage groups of 0.0，10.0（1/16 LD₅₀），20.0（1/8 LD₅₀） and 40.0（1/4LD₅₀）g/（kg·bw），and each rat was orally gavaged once a day according to the gavage volume of 10 g/kg body weight，and continuously fed for 90 d. The rats were examined for body weight，food intake，histopathological changes，and blood physiological and biochemical indexes. Results Compared with the control group，the body weight，food intake and food utilization rate of rats in the experimental group did not change，and the differences were not statistically significant（all P>0.05）.The urine PH，urine specific gravity，urine glucose of rats in some experimental groups changed，and the differences were statistically significant（all P<0.05）.The blood alkaline phosphatase and glutamic oxaloacetic aminase content of rats in some experimental groups changed，and the differences were statistically significant（both P<0.05）.Changes in blood lymphocyte percentage，neutrophil ratio，platelet and leukocyte count in some experimental groups of rats showed statistically significant differences（all P<0.05）.Changes in uterine weight，uterine body mass ratio，testicle weight in some experimental groups of rats showed statistically significant differences（all P<0.05）.No adverse changes related to the test substance were observed in the histopathological examination of rats in the high-dose group. The actual intake of Rosa sterilis var. leioclada in female and male rats did not observe harmful effects at doses not less than 40 000 mg/kg. Conclusion Under the experimental dosage and intervention period，no pathological tissue changes were observed in rats，and there was no negative effect on the blood biochemical level of rats，suggesting that the Rosa sterilis var. leioclada is non-toxic，has no sub-chronic toxicity，and has no potential risk of safety in consumption.

Research on the method of determining iodine content in urine by an automatic online iodine digestion analyzer

WANG Chunyan, YANG Xiaoyuan, CAO Yuling, YANG Yingxin, WANG Bin

2026, 42(2):  168-172. 

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Objective To obtain a simple，efficient，accurate，sensitive and low-cost method for the detection of iodine content in human urine samples，and to prove that this method can replace the traditional arsenic-cerium catalytic spectrophotometry for the detection of iodine in urine samples. Methods The fully automatic online digestion iodine analyzer was used to directly quantify urine samples after automatic online digestion. At the same time，the traditional arsenic-cerium catalytic spectrophotometry was used to determine the curve of urine iodine standard solution and urine iodine composition analysis reference material，then analyze the differences between the two methods in terms of linear correlation coefficient，method detection limit，accuracy and precision of the standard curve. A total of 400 urine samples from special populations were tested by two methods，and the test data were analyzed. Results Both of the two methods had a good linear relationship in the range of iodine content of 0-300 μg/L and 300-1200 μg/L，and the correlation coefficient（r） was greater than 0.999 0，and the detection limit of the iodine analyzer method was 1.92 μg/L，and that of the traditional spectrophotometric method was 2.90 μg/L. The measured values of the reference materials for the analysis of urine iodine composition at 4 concentrations by the two methods were within the specified range. The relative standard deviation（RSD） of iodine analyzer method was 1.369%-2.042%，and that of traditional spectrophotometry was 2.738%-3.822%. The recovery experiment showed the recoveries of iodine analyzer were 93.53%-104.03%，and 91.37%-104.33% for the traditional spectrophotometry. There was no statistically significant difference in the detection results of 400 urine samples from different groups of special populations（all P>0.05）. Conclusion The automatic online iodine digestion analyzer method is consistent with the traditional spectrophotometry method in terms of accuracy and reliability of detection results，and is more reliable in terms of stability. It has higher reproducibility and more precise control of experimental conditions. At the same time，it can save manpower and reagent costs，reduce pollution，and is especially suitable for the rapid detection of large samples of grassroots units.

Effects of single or combined pollution of triclosan and chromium on immune system

LIU Zhao, LIU Yanqun, HUANG Xinyi, HUANG Meiqi, GUO Jiacheng, HUANG Wenwu

2026, 42(2):  173-177. 

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Objective To explore the effects of single and combined pollution of broad-spectrum antibiotic triclosan（TCS） and heavy metal chromium（Cr⁶⁺） on the immune function of the body. Methods The injury and inhibition of immune function and pathological changes of immune organs of KM mice under single and combined stress of TCS and Cr⁶⁺ was studied by toxicity test method. Using Cr⁶⁺ solution with a concentration of 1/4 LD₅₀ and TCS solution with a concentration of 1/16 LD₅₀[the solvent is dimethyl sulfoxide（DMSO）] as the model，and KM mice as the research objects，the basic situation of mouse poisoning process was researched and analyzed. The effects of toxicity tests on the immune organ coefficients，pathological changes，and serum hemolysin（HC₅₀） levels in mice were analyzed. Results Following TCS and Cr⁶⁺ exposure，body weights of the control，TCS model group，Cr⁶⁺ model group，and combined exposure groups were measured as （32.14±3.45），（26.82±2.17），（28.41±2.34） and （22.74±2.37）g，respectively. The thymus coefficients were （5.34±0.28），（3.49±0.44），（3.67±0.62） and （2.51±0.43）mg/g，respectively. The HC₅₀ values were 655.60±17.91，632.91±7.03，629.94±7.49 and 612.38±5.70. Compared to the control group，both the TCS model group and the Cr⁶⁺ model group showed an increase in spleen coefficient and a decrease in thymus coefficient，with statistically significant differences（both P<0.05）. The HC₅₀ values were significantly reduced，also showing statistically significant differences （both P<0.01），with immune organ damage in the mice，along with lymphocyte edema and necrosis. Compared to the TCS and Cr⁶⁺ single exposure groups，the combined TCS and Cr⁶⁺ exposure group exhibited significant reductions in body weight，thymus coefficient，and HC₅₀ values，and the differences were statistically significant（all P<0.01），with lymphocytes displaying a larger area of degenerative necrosis. Conclusion The coercive effect of TCS and Cr⁶⁺ combined pollution on the immune function of KM mice is greater than that of the two alone，showing a more obvious synergistic effect.

Distribution of common poisonous mushrooms in Anshun City and analysis of risk factors for poisoning hazards

WANG Lingqiu, DAI Qian, SHEN Yuxiang, HE Yingxia, CHEN Shan, CHEN Jian

2026, 42(2):  178-183. 

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Objective To understand the distribution of common poisonous mushrooms in Anshun City，analyze the epidemiological characteristics，geographically relevant distribution and poisoning risk factors of local poisonous mushroom poisoning events，and provide scientific preventive and control measures for poisonous mushroom poisoning. Methods Conduct a resource-based survey to understand the distribution of common poisonous mushrooms in Anshun City. Using descriptive epideiology to analyze the epidemiological characteristics of mushroom poisoning incidents in Anshun City from 2019 to 2023，and conducting field research on the risk factors of mushroom poisoning. Results The results of the resource survey showed that four species of lethal and highly toxic mushrooms were identified in Anshun City by the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention：reddish gooseberry，fleshy brown scaly ringstalker，poisonous ringstalker，and sub-scarce pleated red mushroom.A total of 41 cases of poisonous mushroom poisoning were reported in Anshun from 2019 to 2023，with 181 exposed individuals and 144 patients，and an illness rate of 79.56%.Poisoning incidents were concentrated from May to November，accounting for 25% of the total number of foodborne disease incidents. Exposure places were mainly families，accounting for 95.12%（χ²=24.611，P<0.01），and the incidence rate in rural areas was higher than that in cities.The age of onset of poisoning was mainly ≥21 years old，accounting for 75.69%.There were significant differences in mushroom poisoning incidents among different counties and districts（χ²=40.938，P<0.01）. Conclusion Mushroom poisoning is one of the main causes of the food poisoning events in Anshun City. Special food safety and health education on poisonous mushrooms should be carried out in areas，places，and high incidence seasons where poisonous mushroom poisoning occurs，in order to improve public health awareness and the ability of grassroots medical institutions to treat poisonous mushroom poisoning，thereby reducing the occurrence of poisonous mushroom poisoning incidents.

Dietary exposure risk assessment of mycotoxin in chili products sold in Hainan Province

LAI Xuancheng, XING Kun, NIE Hongqian, LI Cheng, SHI Hui

2026, 42(2):  184-188. 

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Objective To investigate the dietary exposure and risk level of aflatoxin（AFT） and ochratoxin A（OTA） in chili products sold in Hainan Province. Methods High performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry（HPLC-MS/MS） was used to determine the content of AFT and OTA in chili products，and the pre-treatment was purified using an immunoaffinity column. The point estimation method was employed to calculate the dietary exposure levels of AFTB₁ and OTA in chili products consumed by the Hainan population. In accordance with the risk assessment method recommended by the Joint Expert Committee on Food Additives（JECFA），the efficacy of AFTB₁ in inducing liver cancer was evaluated. The dietary exposure levels of AFTB₁ and OTA in chili products were computed by the margin of exposure（MOE） method，thus obtaining the MOE value. Results A total of 109 samples of chili products were collected. The detection rate of AFB₁ was the highest，reaching 44.03%，and the over-standard rate was 2.75%. The detection rate of OTA ranked second，at 22.02%，followed by AFTB₂（11.00%），AFTG₁（4.59%），and AFTG（20.92%）. The dietary exposure levels of AFTB₁ and OTA were 0.035 and 0.016 ng/（kg·BW/d），and the MOE values were 11 428 and 906 250 chili praducts sold in Hainan Province. Conclusion There is contamination of AFT and OTA in chili praducts sold in Hainan Province.The MOE values of both were greater than 10 000，indicating that the public health security risk was within a controllable range.

Analysis of epidemiological characteristics and incidence trends of pertussis in Hexi District of Tianjin City from 2014 to 2023

SUN Weiwei, AN Ji, XING Na, GAO Siqi, NIU Ben, DING Yaxing

2026, 42(2):  189-195. 

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Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of pertussis in Hexi District of Tianjin City from 2014 to 2023 and predict its incidence trends，providing data support for more accurate disease prevention and control. Methods The pertussis incidence data in Hexi District of Tianjin City from 2014 to 2023 according to the date of onset were collected through the Infectious Disease Surveillance System in the China Disease Prevention and Control Information System，to analyze the epidemiological characteristics of pertussis. The Joinpoint regression model and autoregressive integrated moving average（ARIMA） model were used to analyze incidence trend and predict. Results From 2014 to 2023，a total of 322 pertussis cases were reported in Hexi District of Tianjin City，with an average annual incidence rate of 3.49/100 000. The annual percent change（APC） in the incidence rate of pertussis was 41.47% between 2014 and 2018，-63.27% between 2018 and 2021，and 1 327.35% between 2021 and 2023. The highest average annual incidence rate of 101.87/100 000 was in 0-<1 years group，but cases predominantly involved children aged 5-<10 years from 2020 to 2023.Among the 301 cases（≥3 months of age），90.70% had received at least one dose of diphthera，tetanus and acellular pertussis combined vaccine（DTaP） before pertussis onset. Among cases aged 3~<6 months，81.82% had not completed the three-dose vaccination schedule；whereas among cases aged 5-<10 years，96.97% had completed the full course of vaccination. Predict that the pertussis incidence in 2024 would be similar to that in 2023. Conclusion The reported incidence rate from 2014 to 2023 showed a trend of first increasing，then decreasing，and finally increasing again. Infants aged 0-<1 year，particularly those who had not received the DTaP vaccine or had not completed basic immunization，and children aged 5-<10 years were at high risk of pertussis. The pertussis incidence trend in 2024 was predicted to be similar to that in 2023. It is recommended to strengthen monitoring and prevention and control efforts and further explore and optimize the immunization strategy for DTaP-containing vaccines in China.

Reliability and validity testing of self-presentation on Facebook questionnaire among elderly in China

CAO Ruirui, ZHAO Yilin, ZHANG Zhen

2026, 42(2):  196-201. 

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Objective To test the reliability and validity of the self-presentation on Facebook questionnaire（SPFBQ） among Chinese middle-aged and elderly groups. Methods Using an online questionnaire survey platform，a total of 1 014 students from the municipal universities for the elderly in Shanxi Province were investigated from November to December 2024.Three weeks later，90 of them were retested. The total sample（n=1 014） was used for item analysis，criterion-related validity analysis，reliability analysis，difference analysis and correlation analysis. Samples were randomly split into half，sample 1（n=505） was used for exploratory factor analysis and sample 2（n=509） for confirmatory factor analysis. Results The revised scale contained 13 items，which corresponded to the five-factor model and explained 65.52% of the total variation. The revised scale had good fitness（χ²=166.314，df=53，χ²/df=3.138，CFI=0.934，TLI=0.903，SRMR=0.057，RMSEA=0.065）. The revised scale had the good reliability：Cronbach's α coefficient was 0.784，and the retest reliability was 0.808. It was identified that the revised scale had good criterion-related validity and predictive validity. Conclusion The revised scale has good reliability and validity and is suitable for measuring self-presentation on social media among Chinese middle-aged and older adults.

Mediation role of spiritual well-being between subjective social isolation and the presence of meaningless anxiety in rural elderly patients with chronic diseases

JI Wanqian, CHEN Zhe, LI Wei, WANG Donghua

2026, 42(2):  202-207. 

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Objective To explore the mediation effect of spiritual well-being between subjective social isolation and the presence of meaningless anxiety in rural elderly patients with chronic diseases. Methods Convenience sampling was used to select 348 elderly patients with chronic diseases from 6 rural areas in Loudi City and Yongzhou City，Hunan Province from July to August 2023 as the research subjects. A self-designed general information survey questionnaire，elderly patients with chronic diseases had meaningless anxiety scale，mental happiness index scale and subjective social isolation scale were used for investigation，and the data were analyzed. Results The total scores of presence of meaningless anxiety in rural elderly patients with chronic diseases，spiritual well-being and subjective social isolation were 39.00（22.25，59.00），（33.04±10.16） and （16.36±2.81）points，respectively. Spiritual well-being was negatively correlation with presence of meaningless anxiety and total subjective social isolation score（r=-0.448，-0.322，both P<0.01）.Spiritual well-being had a partial mediating effect between subjective social isolation and presence of meaningless anxiety，accounting for 43.7% of the total effect. Conclusion The presence of meaningless anxiety levels in rural elderly patients with chronic diseases in Hunan Province is at a moderate to low level，negatively correlated with spiritual well-being，and positively correlated with subjective social isolation. Subjective social isolation can not only directly predict the presence of meaningless anxiety，but also indirectly predict the presence of meaningless anxiety through spiritual well-being. Relevant measures can be taken to enhance the spiritual well-being of elderly chronic disease patients in rural areas of Hunan Province，in order to reduce their level of presence of meaningless anxiety and promote their mental health.

Effects of air pollutants on resident death in a region of southeast Shanxi Province from 2020 to 2022

PING Feifei, WEI Xueying, WANG Caiyun, NIU Minyao

2026, 42(2):  208-215. 

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Objective To analyze the impact of inhalable particles（PM₁₀），fine particles（PM_2.5） and ozone（O₃） on resident mortality in a region of southeast Shanxi Province from 2020 to 2022 though the information of air pollution and resident mortality，providing scientific basis for epidemiological research on air pollutants in the area as well as the formulation of the corresponding prevention and control strategies. Methods Explore the effects of air pollutants on the health of different subgroups of population by descriptive epidemiological methods and correlation analysis，and the exposure response relationship of the impact of air pollutants on total population mortality was analyzed using a generalized additive model. Results PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ were significantly positively correlated with non-accidental mortality and cardiovascular disease mortality in male（r=0.442，0.491，both P<0.05；r=0.462，0.473，both P<0.05），and significantly positively correlated with respiratory disease mortality in female（r=0.421，0.341，both P<0.05）. PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ were significantly positively correlated with cardiovascular disease mortality，non-accidental mortality and respiratory disease mortality in the elderly population aged 65 and above，and the strongest correlation was with the respiratory disease mortality（r=0.443，0.462，both P<0.05）. The results of generalized additive model revealed that daily average concentrations of atmospheric pollutants PM_2.5 and O₃ increased by 10 μg/m³ caused the 1.782%（95%CI：0.411%-3.173%），1.482%（95%CI：0.182%-2.791%） increase in the risk of non-accidental death，and the 2.652%（95%CI：0.822%-4.513%） and 2.033%（95%CI：0.312%-3.783%） increase in the risk of cardiovascular system death. Conclusion From 2020 to 2022，the air pollution level in a region of southeast Shanxi Province has improved.The increase in PM_2.5 and O₃ concentrations increased the risk of non-accidental mortality death and cardiovascular disease death among residents，and O₃ had a lagged effect on residents' health.

Analysis of main pollutants and sulfonamide antibiotic pollution in Dianshan Lake water source in Qingpu District of Shanghai City

YU Xi, YAO Xinmin, SHEN Yan, LI Yuxin, HU Jielan, DIAO Yongqing

2026, 42(2):  216-220. 

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Objective To understand the water pollution situation and accumulation of sulfonamide antibiotics in the water source of Dianshan Lake，and provide reference basis for scientific protection of water quality. Methods From January 2021 to December 2022，continuous monitoring of the water quality of Dianshan Lake in Qingpu District of Shanghai City was carried out，with monthly collection of water samples for testing. A total of 600 water samples were collected，conventional indicators were tested using nationally recommended testing methods，and sulfonamide antibiotics were tested using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry，and the data were analyzed. Results The annual temperature in the Dianshan Lake area was between 7-36 ℃，and the water temperature was between 2-26 ℃. The average concentration of permanganate index（COD_Mn） was （3.14±0.49）mg/L，the average concentration of total nitrogen（TN） was （4.91±1.46）mg/L，and the average concentration of total phosphorus（TP） was （0.08±0.04）mg/L.Thirteen sulfonamide antibiotics could be detected，with sulfamethoxazole having the highest concentration and detection frequency. Conclusion The water quality of Dianshan Lake has improved compared to previous monitoring results and meets the standards for drinking water.

Impact of air pollutants on the outpatient volume of children in Bayannur from 2020 to 2022

GUI Li, GUO Yan, HE Lingling, GUO Li, SUO Xiaomin, YANG Yuhong

2026, 42(2):  221-225. 

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Objective To analyze the impact of air pollutants SO₂，NO₂，inhalable particulate matter（PM₁₀），CO，O₃，and fine particulate matter（PM_2.5） on the outpatient volume of children in Bayannur from 2020 to 2022. Methods The daily outpatient volume of children and air pollutant monitoring data of Bayannur from 2020 to 2022 were collected. The spearman correlation analysis method was used to analyze the correlation between air pollutants and children's outpatient volume. A generalized additive model（GAM） was established by using time series analysis to quantitatively evaluate the impact of air pollutants on children's outpatient volume in Bayannur. Results The main air pollutants in Bayannur were PM₁₀，O₃，and PM_2.5，with over-standard rates of 1.6%，0.3%，and 2.5%，respectively，and the incidence of pollutants were 44.02%，29.04% and 7.12%，respectively. Except for O₃，the concentration of pollutants during heating season were higher than those during non-heating season，and the days of PM₁₀ and PM_2.5 exceeding the standard were all concentrated in the heating season.There were strong positive correlations between the concentration values of pollutants PM₁₀，SO₂，NO₂，CO，and PM_2.5（all P<0.01），and there were strong negative correlations between these five pollutants and O₃（all P<0.01）. The total outpatient volume of children and respiratory system outpatient volume in Bayannur from 2020 to 2022 showed strong positive correlations with pollutants PM_2.5 and PM₁₀（all P<0.01）. The cumulative lag effect of PM_2.5 was greater than the single day lag effect. In the case of single day lag，the maximum value occurred at lag0，and the total outpatient volume of children and respiratory system outpatient volume were 0.06%（95%CI：0.03%-0.09%） and 0.06%（95%CI：0.02%-0.10%），respectively. In the case of cumulative lag，for every 10 μg/m³ increase in PM_2.5，the risk was highest in children's general clinic and respiratory system clinic with a 5-day lag，with an increase of 0.12%（95%CI：0.06%-0.18%） and 0.12%（95%CI：0.04%-0.19%），respectively. Conclusion The total outpatient volume and respiratory system outpatient volume of children in Bayannur were affected by PM_2.5，and PM_2.5 had the greatest impact on outpatient volume when the accumulation lag was five days. This provides effective reference for establishing a prediction and early warning mechanism for regional pollutants and health effects，as well as developing intervention measures.

Chain mediating effects of self-leadership and academic self-efficacy among nursing students on professional identity and self-directed learning readiness

CHENG Jingjing, WU Dan, WANG Wen, LI Luping

2026, 42(2):  226-231. 

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Objective To investigate the chain mediating effects of self-leadership and academic self-efficacy between professional identity and self-directed learning readiness among nursing students，so as to provide a basis for the implementation of intervention strategies to improve self-directed learning readiness of nursing students. Methods From March to October 2023，a convenience sampling method was used to select nursing students with different educational backgrounds from six grade-A tertiary hospitals in Anhui Province. A questionnaire survey was conducted using a general information questionnaire，a professional identity scale，a self-leadership scale，an academic self-efficacy scale，and a self-directed learning readiness scale. Results The professional identity score of 951 nursing students was （53.90±6.15）points，the self-leadership score was （120.16±18.89）points，the academic self-efficacy score was （76.74±10.57）points，and the self-directed learning readiness score was （145.32±16.42）points. Professional identity，self-leadership and academic self-efficacy were all positively correlated with self-directed learning readiness（all P<0.01）.Professional identity directly affected self-directed learning readiness，with a direct effect value of 0.112（95%CI：0.076-0.180）. Professional identity affected self-directed learning readiness through self-leadership，with a mediating effect value of 0.144（95%CI：0.122-0.208）. Professional identity affected self-directed learning readiness through academic self-efficacy，with a mediating effect value of 0.023（95%CI：0.009-0.045）. The chain mediation value of self-leadership and academic self-efficacy of nursing students between professional identity and self-directed learning readiness was 0.088（95%CI：0.069-0.134）. Conclusion The self-directed learning readiness of nursing students is not only directly affected by their professional identity，but also indirectly affects the self-directed learning readiness through the chain mediation effect of self-leadership and academic self-efficacy.Nursing educators should attach importance to cultivating the professional identity and self-leadership of nursing students，improving their academic self-efficacy，and improving their readiness for self-directed learning.

Analysis of the relationship between depression，attachment and social support among college students in Xinjiang

Naijimiye Abudurexiti, SONG Meiqin, YIN Ling, GAO Fashui

2026, 42(2):  232-236. 

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Objective To explore the correlation between depression，attachment and social support among college students，and to examine the mediating role of social support between depression and attachment among college students，so as to provide theoretical basis for improving college students' mental health. Methods From December 2023 to April 2024，a convenience sampling method was used to select 626 college students from 5 universities in Xinjiang to conduct a questionnaire survey using the self-rating depression scale（SDS），adult attachment scale-intimate relationship experience scale（ECR） and social support rating scale（SSRS），and the data were analyzed. Results The depression score of 626 college students in Xinjiang was （46.52± 8.87） points，and the higher the degree of depression，the higher the attachment avoidance and attachment anxiety scores，and the lower the three dimensions of social support scores. There was a statistically significant difference in depression scores among college students with different attitudes towards their growth experience satisfaction（F=2.463，P<0.05）. There was a statistically significant differences in depression scores among college students with different love status（F=5.449，P<0.05）. The depression score of college students was significantly positively correlated with attachment avoidance（r=0.325，P<0.01） and attachment anxiety（r=0.330，P<0.01），and significantly negatively correlated with objective support（r=-0.119，P<0.01），subjective support （r=-0.093，P<0.05） and support utilization（r=-0.144，P<0.01）. Social support played a mediating role between depression and attachment in college students，with an effect rate of 19.277%. Conclusion The depression status of college students in Xinjiang is general，and there is a positive correlation between depression and attachmentamong college students. Attachment anxiety and attachment avoidance can affect depression directly or indirectly through the mediating effect of social support. Therefore，we can reduce attachment anxiety and attachment avoidance by giving them more social support or improving their sense of understanding social support.

Latent profile analysis of intern nurses' work engagement and influencing factors

REN Ying, LIU Baoyu, SUN Yumei, LI Qingqing, YANG Bowen, PANG Xiaoli

2026, 42(2):  237-242. 

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Objective To investigate the current status of work engagement among nursing students during their internship and analyze the potential profiles of their work engagement and the relationships with influencing factors and provide theoretical basis and practical guidance for clinical nursing management and nursing education. Methods From September to October 2024，a convenience sampling method was used to survey 378 nursing students majoring in nursing from a university in Tianjin. Using the latent profile analysis（LPA），combined with the work engagement scale，role stress scale，and the NASA task load index（TLX） to evaluate the level of work engagement among the nursing students. Results The total score of the work engagement scale was （4.51±1.60）points，the total score of the role stress scale was （55.76±5.36）points，and the total score of the NASA TLX was （11.36±3.55）points. The work engagement of nursing students was heterogeneous and could be divided into three potential profile categories：lowwork engagement group（15.3%），medium work engagement group（46.6%），and high work engagement group（38.1%）. The results of the multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that，compared with the high work engagement group，having part-time experience and role stress were predictors for the low work engagement group（both P<0.05）. Whether there were medical professionals in the family and the NASA TLX were predictors for the low and medium work engagement group（both P<0.01）. Conclusion The work engagement of nursing students is at a medium to high level and can be divided into three potential profiles. Nursing managers and school teachers need to pay attention to the work engagement level of nursing students and provide targeted interventions based on the characteristics of different potential profiles to provide a reserve force for the nursing profession and strengthen the nursing workforce.

Analysis of the current status and trends of research in the field of high altitude military psychology in China based on CiteSpace

XING Lingzhi, HAN Ruijuan, YANG Yanan, ZHU Xinhua

2026, 42(2):  243-248. 

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Objective To understand the research trends and hot spot analysis in the field of high-altitude military psychology in China over the past 32 years，and provide reference for future research on the mental health of high-altitude soldiers. Methods Using CiteSpace 6.1.R2 software，a visual analysis was conducted on the number of articles，authors，institutions，keyword co-occurrence，clustering，and emergent words in the CNKI database in the field of high-altitude military psychology in China from 1992 to 2024. Results A total of 347 articles were included，and in terms of the number of publications，research in this field could be divided into three stages：the slow start period of development（1992-2003），the rapid development period（2004-2014），and the period of steady growth and decline（2015-2024）. The main research institutions were divided into three categories：local universities，military research units，and military medical institutions. The main authors were 521，with a total of 985 articles published，forming 7 stable research clusters. The research hot topics mainly focused on the mental health，psychological stress，sleep quality，depression，etc. of high-altitude soldiers. The current explosive hot spot was only psychological resilience. Conclusion Future research in the field of high-altitude military psychology in China requires interdisciplinary introduction of multiple methods for comprehensive evaluation，expansion of sample size，strengthening communication and cooperation between authors and institutions，and achieving high-quality and sustainable development.

Analysis of research hotspots and trends in basic public health services in China from 2009 to 2023

MA Liguo, WANG Jun, GONG Jing, CHEN Dong, QIN Wei

2026, 42(2):  249-253. 

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Objective To analyze the basic characteristics，hotspots，and frontier dynamics of the research field of basic public health services from 2009 to 2023，and provide reference for related research on basic public health services. Methods The relevant literature from 2009 to 2023 with the title "Basic Public Health Services" were retrieved from the China National Knowledge Infrastructure（CNKI） database using Excel 2007 and SPSS 26.0 for statistical analysis，and visualized using CiteSpace 6.3.1 software. Results From 2009 to 2023，a total of 1 246 academic journal articles on basic public health services in China were retrieved，with 45.67% of the total articles published from 2013 to 2017.The Price's index showed a continuous downward trend，with the current Price's index P=19.91%.The journal with the most articles was China Public Health Management，with 57 articles.Universities and research institutions were the institutions with the highest number of articles published，with a total of 125，accounting for 43.10%，followed by the centers for disease control and prevention and other government agencies，with a total of 88，accounting for 30.34%.The cooperation degree was 2.13，the co-authorship rate was 71.43%，and there were 251 core authors.Keywords such as equity，public health，health education，satisfaction，awareness，influencing factors，etc were frequently mentioned by scholars. Conclusion The research topics on basic public health services are diverse，but the research heat has been declining.The cooperation between research institutions and authors needs to be strengthened，and the innovation and practicality of the research need to be further improved.

Health Management and Research

Analysis of inpatient cost composition and influencing factors for acute myocardial infarction patients in a hospital in Tianjin from 2021 to 2024

WANG Qingyue, MA Xiang, FENG He, PANG Jianzhong, XU Qiang

2026, 42(2):  254-259. 

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Objective To analyze the composition and influencing factors of hospitalization costs for acute myocardial infarction（AMI） patients admitted to the Second Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine from September 2021 to November 2024，thereby providing data support for optimizing healthcare resource allocation and improving medical insurance policies. Methods Descriptive statistics and multivariate linear regression were performed on AMI patient data to assess key factors affecting hospitalization costs，including demographic characteristics，baseline information，medical insurance type，comorbidities，and traditional Chinese medicine（TCM） treatments. Results A total of 1 081 AMI patients were included，with a median age of 68 years and a male proportion of 65.4%.The median hospitalization cost was CNY 25 000，and the median hospital stay was 8 days.The dominant TCM syndrome patterns were phlegm-stasis obstruction（68.0%） and blood stasis obstructing the heart（24.5%）. The proportion of hospitalization expenses，consumables，and diagnostic examinations costs had been increasing year by year，while the proportion of drug costs had decreased. Older age（β=-0.007，P<0.01），self-pay insurance（β=-0.303，P<0.01），prolonged hospitalization（β=0.066，P<0.01），death at discharge（β=-0.282，P<0.01），yang-qi deficiency syndrome（β=-0.189，P<0.05），prior myocardial infarction history（β=-0.122，P<0.05），and acupoint application therapy（β=0.142，P<0.01） showed significant differences in logarithmic values of hospitalization cost，with the model explaining 53.6% of cost variability（adjusted R²=0.536）. Conclusion The study indicates a continuous upward trend in hospitalization costs for AMI patients from 2021 to 2024，characterized by a significant increase in the proportion of diagnostic examinations and a decline in both medication and consumables expenditures.Key influencing factors include advanced age，prolonged hospital stays，yang-qi deficiency syndrome，and acupoint application therapy.In this regard，it is recommended to strengthen regulatory oversight over consumables and diagnostic examination costs，optimize tiered medical insurance reimbursement policies for high-risk populations（e.g.，self-pay patients and those with prior myocardial infarction），and enhance resource allocation for syndrome-specific TCM management and evidence-based integration of traditional therapies（e.g.，acupoint application），in order to provide a scientific foundation for controlling AMI treatment costs and advancing precision cost-management through integrated Chinese-Western medical approaches.

Analysis of job satisfaction and its influencing factors among staff of the prefectural-level Center for Disease Control and Prevention

WANG Yuchen, NIE Hanlin, SHI Xuefeng

2026, 42(2):  260-264. 

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Objective To investigate the job satisfaction and its influencing factors among staff of prefectural-level Center for Disease Control and Prevention（CDC） and provide reference for stabilizing disease prevention and control team. Methods From March to April 2024，the Minnesota satisfaction questionnaire was used to conduct a survey of staff at prefectural-level CDCs in three provinces in East，Central，and West of China，utilizing purpose sampling and random sampling methods. A total of 553 effective questionnaires were collected. Results The overall job satisfaction score of staff at 9 prefectural-level CDCs was （71.55±10.10）points，with an overall satisfaction rate of 87.16%. The internal satisfaction score was （47.24±6.37）points，and the external satisfaction score was （19.96±4.12）points.Region（OR=0.35，P<0.05），worked overtime（OR=0.36，P<0.01），sleep quality（OR=2.05，P<0.05），and negative life events（OR=0.51，P<0.05） were the main influencing factors on job satisfaction among staff at prefectural-level CDC. Conclusion The job satisfaction of staff at prefectural-level CDC is at a moderate to high level. It is recommended to pay attention to the main influencing factors on job satisfaction of staff at prefectural-level CDC，and take targeted measures to improve the job satisfaction of staff at prefectural-level CDC.

Overview

Research progress on musculoskeletal disorders in naval aviators

WANG Lichao, WANG Zezhong, SUN Jinhai, ZHAO Zhe, ZHANG Feng, LIU Lijuan

2026, 42(2):  265-272. 

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Piloting is a special profession，and the chronic musculoskeletal system injuries within this group have always been a focus of concern and research for aviation health workers. Among these，cervical and lumbar spine diseases are the primary causes for medical grounding of pilots，affecting the combat effectiveness of aviation forces. This article summarizes the current epidemiological status of musculoskeletal disorders among naval pilots and possible influencing factors，reviews prevention and control strategies，in order to provide a basis for the prevention and control of musculoskeletal disorders in naval pilots，with the hope of improving the health level of the musculoskeletal system of naval pilots，thereby maintaining flight operational capabilities and enhancing the combat effectiveness of aviation forces.

Influencing factors of cardiovascular health and diseases among taxi drivers

LUO Linfeng, WANG Huining, ZHANG Huijie, LIU Baolong, YAN Tenglong, LI Jue

2026, 42(2):  273-278. 

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With the development of the economy，the health status of taxi drivers is becoming increasingly severe，especially the risk of cardiovascular disease（CVD） and its risk factors among taxi drivers. The factors affecting the cardiovascular health and disease development of taxi drivers include hypertension and dyslipidemia，among which hypertension is the most common. The reporting rate of hypertension is high among taxi drivers，and it is strongly associated with CVD. Occupational factors include sedentary driving and irregular shift work，among which sedentary driving is significantly associated with the risk of CVD among taxi drivers. Additionally，unhealthy lifestyle behaviors（e.g.，smoking，excessive alcohol consumption，irregular diet），environmental exposure factors，and socioeconomic factors further contribute to the increased risk. This article reviews the influencing factors of cardiovascular health and diseases among taxi drivers both domestically and internationally，revealing the existing risks and providing a scientific basis for formulating effective strategies to safeguard the cardiovascular health for the taxi driver population in the future.

Research progress of application of non-invasive brain imaging techniques in the field of pilots

YE Lu, YU Xinli, YAN Dongfeng, MA Shan, CHEN Xi

2026, 42(2):  279-283. 

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Research on the physiology and psychology of pilots using brain imaging techniques is of great significance in reducing flight accidents caused by human factors.Over the past decade，non-invasive brain imaging techniques are widely used due to its minimally invasive and portable nature.This paper provides a review of relevant studies from 2012 to 2024 that have used non-invasive brain imaging technology as a research tool to explore the brain structure and activity patterns of pilots.Through comparative analysis，it is found that electroencephalogram（EEG） is the preferred physiological signal for pilot brain load monitoring and selection；Magnetic resonance imaging（MRI） focuses on analyzing the changes in the brain structure and function of pilots caused by the execution of flight tasks；Near-infrared spectroscopy（NIRS） technology is mainly applied to the assessment of pilots' brain and psychological workload.Future research should explore the combined use of multiple brain function imaging techniques，which will help to further understand the physiological and psychological mechanisms of pilots.

Research progress on the psychological health status of nursing managers

ZHONG Yunling, ZHANG Rong, YANG Jiehui, WANG Yana, LIU Shengyu

2026, 42(2):  284-288. 

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Nursing managers as the core leadership force in the nursing organizational structure are responsible for overseeing clinical nursing，departmental nursing management，human resources and financial deployment，as well as the promotion of nursing education and research，among other functions. The complexity of this role often leads to overloaded work pressure which significantly challenges their physical and mental health，cognitive performance and emotional regulation，and thus affects their overall mental health. Therefore，this article reviews the current situation，influencing factors and intervention strategies of nursing managers' mental health，aiming to provide a reference basis for promoting the mental health of nursing managers.