Table of Content

01 January 2026, Volume 42 Issue 1

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Treatise

Mediating role of work engagement among oncology nurses in tertiary hospitals of Beijing City in the relationship between psychosocial climate and job burnout

RAO Aiyan

2026, 42(1):  1-5. 

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Objective To understand the mediating role of work engagement in the relationship between psychological climate and job burnout among oncology nurses，and to provide a basis for improving nurses' psychological climate and alleviating job burnout. Methods A convenience sampling method was used to select 284 oncology nurses from six tertiary hospitals in Beijing City as the survey subjects from March and May 2024. The participants were surveyed using a general information questionnaire，the Chinese version of the brief psychological climate scale，the Utrecht work engagement scale，and the Oldenburg burnout inventory，and the data were analyzed. Results The total psychological climate score of oncology nurses was （11.24±4.26）points，work engagement score was （59.85±9.83）points，and job burnout score was （45.01±5.53）points. There was a positive correlation between psychological climate and work engagement（r=0.558，P<0.01），both psychological climate and work engagement were negatively correlated with job burnout（r=-0.452，-0.564，both P<0.01）. Work engagement partially mediated the impact of psychological climate on job burnout among oncology nurses，with a mediating effect of 0.327，accounting for 55.81% of the total effect. Conclusion Work engagement mediates the relationship between psychological climate and job burnout among oncology nurses. Enhancing the level of work engagement may help improve their psychological climate and reduce the level of job burnout.

Investigation and analysis of occupational stress status and influencing factors among primary health workers in a district of Shenzhen City

WANG Chunxiang, QIU Xinxiong, GAN Jianan

2026, 42(1):  6-11. 

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Objective To investigate the occupational stress situation and analyze its influencing factors of primary health workers in a district of Shenzhen City，and to provide reference for targeted alleviation of occupational stress levels. Methods From August to December 2024，the stratified random sampling method was used to collect the primary health workers in the district. The survey was conducted using the core occupational stress scale（COSS），and binary Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the influencing factors. Results A total of 1 516 questionnaires were distributed in this study，and 1 453 valid questionnaires were collected，with an effective response rate of 95.84%. There were 254 primary health workers reporting occupational stress in this survey，and the positive rate of stress was 17.48%.The total score for occupational stress was （43.17±9.12）points，with scores of （9.72±3.95），（15.27±5.15），（11.91±3.67） and （6.25±1.89）points for social support，organization and reward，demand and effort，and autonomy dimensions，respectively. The results of univariate Logistic regression analysis showed that there were statistically significant differences in the positive detection rate of occupational stress among primary health workers of different genders，ages，years of service，employment nature，job category，weekly working hours，night shifts，shifts，monthly average income，marital status，number of children raised，and physical exercise（all P<0.05）.The results of multiplelogistic regression analysis showed that position of health technicians，weekly working hours ≥48 hours，night shifts，and shift work were risk factors for occupational stress（all P<0.05）. Monthly average income ≥12 000 yuan and adherence to physical exercise ≥1 time/week were protective factors for occupational stress（both P<0.05）. Conclusion The primary health workers in a district of Shenzhen have a high incidence of occupational stress. Targeted intervention measures should be implemented to increase the return on investment for high paying employees，reduce long working hours，provide adequate rest and recovery time for night shift and rotating health workers，while strengthening humanistic care and advocating for a healthy lifestyle.

Correlation and mediating role of workplace incivility，psychological capital and job burnout among gastroenterology nurses

WU Lingjia, SHI Jianhua, WANG Juan, SHENG Xiaoping, SUN Xiaoli, WANG Hongmei

2026, 42(1):  12-16. 

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Objective To study the correlation and mediating effect of workplace incivility，psychological capital and job burnout among nurses in the gastroenterology department. Methods A convenient sampling method was used to select 174 nurses from the gastroenterology departments of 12 general hospitals in Jiangsu Province from September to October 2024 as survey subjects. The workplace incivility scale，psychological capital scale and job burnout scale were used for investigation，and the data were analyzed. Results The scores of workplace rudeness，psychological capital and job burnout of nurses in the department of gastroenterology were （26.48±7.52），（92.42±16.28） and （60.79±12.34）points，respectively. The influencing factors of job burnout of nurses in the department of gastroenterology were age，years of work，professional title，average monthly income，marital status and average number of monthly shifts（all P<0.05）. Job burnout of nurses in the department of gastroenterology was positively correlated with workplace rudeness（r=0.612，P<0.01），and negatively correlated with psychological capital（r=-0.585，P<0.01）. Workplace rudeness was negatively correlated with psychological capital（r=-0.528，P<0.01）. The mediation effect model found that psychological capital played a partial mediating effect between workplace rudeness and job burnout，with a mediation effect value of 0.272，accounting for 47.22% of the total effect. Conclusion The job burnout of gastroenterology nurses is positively correlated with workplace incivility，and negatively correlated with psychological capital. Psychological capital has a mediating effect between workplace incivility and job burnout. Reducing workplace incivility and improving the level of psychological capital of gastroenterology nurses can reduce their risk of job burnout.

Measurement and analysis of out-of-field tissue dose under typical accelerator radiotherapy conditions

JIANG Wenwen, GU Haoyan, YU Runqiu, FENG Zechen, WANG Hongfang, MA Yongzhong

2026, 42(1):  17-21. 

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Objective To investigate the dose of out-of-field tissues under typical linear accelerator radiotherapy conditions，and to provide experimental evidence for optimizing patient protection strategies and refining treatment planning. Methods A Varian TrueBeam 6 MV linear accelerator served as the radiation source，and an adult female anthropomorphic phantom RANDO 110 manufactured by Phantom Laboratory was used to simulate the patient in this study. A 10 cm×10 cm standard field was applied to the abdomen below navel with SSD of 100 cm，delivering a total dose of 600 cGy. LiF（Mg，Cu，P） thermoluminescent detectors were used to measure the absorbed doses in critical out-of-field tissues，including the breast，liver，stomach，bladder and gonads. A database was established using Excel 2019，and SPSS 21.0 software was utilized for statistical analysis. The Mann-Whitney test（U test） was employed to compare the longitudinal dose levels from the chest to the pelvis in the human torso on both the left and right sides of the radiation field. Results The highest out-of-field doses were observed in organs adjacent to the radiation field. The mean doses to the left and right gonads were 723.00 mGy（12.05% of the target dose），and the mean bladder dose was 409.00 mGy（6.82%）. The liver received a dose of 46.40 mGy（0.77%）. In contrast，doses to remote organs were considerably lower than that of above，with mean left and right breast doses of 10.20 mGy（0.17%） and 11.01 mGy（0.18%），respectively. There was no statistically significant difference in the distribution between the left and right sides dose（Z=1.132，P>0.05）. Conclusion Radiation exposure of out-of-field tissues during radiotherapy is inevitable and non-negligible. Doses to organs close to the target-field may approach thresholds for radiation-induced damage. Therefore，individualized protection strategies should be implemented in clinical practice to minimize out-of-field exposure and associated radiation risks.

Key occupational disease monitoring and occupational health risk assessment in Shaowu City in 2024

HUANG Lin

2026, 42(1):  22-26. 

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Objective To understand the current status and incidence characteristics of key occupational diseases in Shaowu City in 2024，aiming to improve the monitoring and risk warning capabilities for occupational diseases in Shaowu City，and provide reference for formulating measures to prevent and control occupational diseases. Methods Collect the case information from occupational health examinations conducted in Shaowu City in 2024，and analyze the results of special indicator examinations for occupational populations from different dimensions（gender，age，length of service，enterprise size，industry type，and economic type）. Results In 2024，a total of 9 933 people in Shaowu City underwent occupational health examinations，involving 133 enterprises with occupational disease hazards，and 2 cases of suspected occupational diseases were detected. The detection rates of occupational contraindications before the job and during the job were 4.56%（159/3 490） and 1.06%（65/6 110），respectively. The abnormal detection rates of chest radiographs of workers exposed to silicon dust and welding smoke were 1.02% and 0.42%，respectively. No pneumoconiosis changes were detected in other dust positions. The abnormal rates of lung function examination were 7.28% for coal dust，12.61% for silicon dust，12.07% for activated carbon dust，6.94% for welding smoke，and 13.42% for other dust，respectively. Abnormal special indicators were more common in males，particularly in the age group of 49-<59 years and the dust exposure group with 10-<20 years of service. The hazards of silica dust were more prevalent in the mining industry，while other dust hazards were mainly concentrated in the manufacturing industry，with small and medium-sized enterprises being the mainstay. The average abnormal rate of high-frequency hearing threshold in both ears of workers exposed to noise was 12.64%. The highest abnormal rate was observed in the mining industry（57.41%），with small enterprises（17.51%） and joint-stock enterprises（16.67%） showing higher abnormal rates than other types of enterprises，and the differences were statistically significant （all P<0.05）. In addition，the abnormality rate among males（14.59%） was significantly higher than that among females（7.07%），and there was a trend of increasing abnormality rate with age and length of service. The abnormal rates of white blood cell，neutrophil and platelet counts in workers exposed to benzene were 6.20%，4.30%，and 0.24%，respectively. The abnormal rates of white blood cell and neutrophil in women were higher than those in men（χ²_WBC=16.866，P<0.01；χ²_N==5.220，P<0.05）. Conclusion Dust and noise are the greatest hazard factors for occupational health risks in Shaowu City. Occupational disease prevention and control should be continued to be strengthened and occupational health knowledge should be publicized among key groups，key industries，and small and medium-sized enterprises.

Analysis of the health status and characteristics of people exposed to key occupational disease hazards in Hainan Province in 2024

JIN Lei, CHEN Yushen, LI Bin

2026, 42(1):  27-34. 

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Objective To analyze the health status and distribution characteristics of people exposed to key occupational hazard factors in Hainan Province in 2024，and provide a reference for formulating and adjusting the prevention and control strategies of key occupational disease in Hainan Province. Methods The information of occupational health examination，special inspections of workers exposed to key occupational disease hazard factors，as well as incidence information of key occupational diseases were collected. Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the regional distribution，industry distribution，enterprise scale distribution and demographic characteristics of occupational disease cases and abnormal indicators of occupational health examination. Results In 2024，a total of 55 246 workers from 1 234 employing units in Hainan Province who were exposed to key occupational disease hazards participated in occupational health examinations. The gender was mainly male（45 392 workers，82.16%） and the M（P₂₅，P₇₅） of age was 38.00（31.00，46.00）years old. The main types of examinations were occupational health examinations during their on-the-job period（42 385 workers，76.72%）. The total detection rate of occupational contraindications for occupational health examinations before and during the job was 1.92%（1 036/53 970），while 0.04%（16/43 661） of suspected occupational diseases during the job and off-job occupational health examinations. The detection rate of pneumoconiosis changes and lung function abnormality in dust workers were 0.14%（15/10 576） and 11.37%（1 203/10 576），respectively. The detection rates of binaural high-frequency average hearing threshold elevation and high frequency combined with speech frequency hearing loss in workers exposed to noise were 9.74%（2 585/26 544） and 20.74%（5 506/26 544），respectively. The detection rate of routine blood test specific indicators abnormality in workers exposed to benzene was 3.20%（228/7 136）. 9 new cases of key occupational diseases were diagnosed in Hainan Province in 2024，which mainly silicosis（5 cases，55.56%）. Conclusion Pneumoconiosis is the most important occupational disease in Hainan Province in 2024. The occupational disease hazard factors that should be focused on preventing and controlling in Hainan Province are noise and dust，and small and medium-sized and micro-sized enterprises，mining and manufacturing industries are key areas for the prevention and control of key occupational disease hazards in Hainan Province.

Occupational health status and analysis of some radiation workers in Baoding City from 2023 to 2024

ZHAO Yongjun, ZHANG Jingzhan, LI Fei, LIU Tianhong

2026, 42(1):  35-38. 

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Objective To analyze the occupational health data and personal dose data of radiation workers in medical and health institutions in Baoding City，and provide reference for radiation health management. Methods The personal dose data and occupational health monitoring results of 1 204 radiation workers in medical and health institutions in Baoding City from August 2023 to August 2024 were sorted out and analyzed，and the absolute value of white blood cells and lymphocytes，lymphocyte percentage，lymphocyte micronucleus，and ocular lens were statistically analyzed according to gender，occupational years，different occupational radiation types，and irradiation dose. Results Among the 1 204 radiologists，697 were males with an abnormal leukopenia rate of 1.72%，and 507 were females with an abnormal leukopenia rate of 4.73%，and the abnormal leukopenia rate of female radiologists was higher than that of males（P<0.01）. The abnormal rate of lymphocyte absolute value of 0-<5 years of staff was 6.62%，that of 5-<15 years of staff was 10.44%，that of ≥15 years of staff was 5.47%，and the difference was statistically significant（P<0.05）. The leukopenia rate was 1.32% in diagnostic radiology，11.11% in nuclear medicine，4.08% in radiotherapy，and 4.23% in interventional radiology，and the leukopenia rate was higher in interventional radiology than in diagnostic radiology（P<0.01）. The ophthalmic lens turbidity rate was 1.76% in interventional radiology，11.11% in nuclear medicine，1.02% in radiotherapy and 0.38% in diagnostic radiology，and the ophthalmic lens turbidity rate were higher in interventional radiology and nuclear medicine than in diagnostic radiology，and the difference was statistically significant（both P<0.05）. The intraocular lens opacity rate（5.88%） and lymphocyte micronucleus rate（11.76%） in the group with an annual irradiation dose of 1-<5 mSv were higher than those in the MDL-<1 mSv group（both P<0.05）. Conclusion Long-term small dose of ionizing radiation can cause certain radiation damage to the body，and women，people with 5-<15 occupational years and workers engaged in interventional and nuclear medicine are the focus of occupational health monitoring.

Analysis of the impact of self-care and humanistic care abilities of ICU nurses on occupational burnout

HU Xia, CHANG Haixia, XIE Yanhong, WU Yue, SHI Yuanqin, FANG Gang

2026, 42(1):  39-43. 

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Objective To understand the self-care，humanistic care abilities，and occupational burnout status of intensive care unit（ICU） nurses，and explore the impact of self-care and humanistic care abilities on occupational burnout，in order to provide reference for reducing occupational burnout among ICU nurses. Methods From November to December 2024，a convenience sampling method was used to select 182 ICU nurses from 6 comprehensive hospitals in Urumqi as the survey subjects. The nurse self-care，humanistic care ability，and occupational burnout status of nurses were investigated，and the correlation between self-care，humanistic care ability，and occupational burnout of ICU nurses was analyzed. Results The self-care score of ICU nurses was（84.69±18.54）points，the humanistic care ability score was （188.86±18.64）points，and the occupational burnout score was （63.72±12.36）points. Age，professional title，years of service，average monthly income，and monthly frequency of night shifts were factors influencing ICU nurses' self-care and humanistic care abilities（all P<0.05）. Age，professional title，years of service，average monthly income，monthly frequency of night shifts，and marital status were factors influencing ICU nurses' occupational burnout（all P<0.05）. There was a negative correlation between self-care and occupational burnout among ICU nurses（r=-0.589，P<0.01），a negative correlation between humanistic care ability and occupational burnout（r=-0.492，P<0.01），and a positive correlation between self-care and humanistic care ability（r=0.446，P<0.01）. The combination of self-care and humanistic care abilities could explain 38.50% of the variation in occupational burnout among ICU nurses. Conclusion The self-care and humanistic care abilities of ICU nurses have a negative impact on occupational burnout，and improving their self-care and humanistic care abilities is of great significance in reducing the level of occupational burnout.

Occupational health risk assessment of benzene derivatives in automobile manufacturing industry enterprises in Chengdu City

LIU Chaofa, LIU Xueyuan, SHI Yang, LU Qingping, ZHANG Li

2026, 42(1):  44-48. 

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Objective To understand the benzene derivatives exposure of workers in automobile manufacturing enterprises in Chengdu，and to evaluate the occupational health risk，so as to provide the basis for the occupational health risk management of enterprises. Methods From July 2022 to June 2023，the occupational health risk assessment were conducted on job positions involving benzene derivatives in four automobile manufacturing enterprises in Chengdu City in accordance with the Guidelines for Occupational Health Risk Assessment of Chemicals in the Workplace. Results The qualitative assessment results showed that benzene had a higher risk level of 4 in each position，while toluene and xylenes had a risk level of 2-4. The semi-quantitative assessment found that the risk level of benzene in all positions was moderate risk，and toluene and xylenes were low risk. The quantitative evaluation results showed that the non-carcinogenic risk of benzene and xylenes was higher in most positions，and the non-carcinogenic risk of toluene was lower. The carcinogenic risk of benzene derivatives was low in all positions. Conclusion There is still a certain occupational health risk associated with low concentrations of benzene derivatives in the benzene-related positions of automotive manufacturing enterprises in Chengdu，which requires high attention. Enterprises should enhance prevention and control measures，and the disease prevention and control departments should strengthen the training of managers and workers in benzene-related enterprises to ensure the occupational health of workers.

Determination and risk control of aluminum in compound calcium gluconate oral solution

LIU Lijun, ZHANG Yingyi, XIE Li, XIAO Lan

2026, 42(1):  49-54. 

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Objective To develop a method for the determination of aluminum（AI） in compound calcium gluconate oral solution by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry（ICP-MS），and to analyze and control the risks associated with the use of this product in different populations. Methods A 5% nitric acid solution was used as diluent，and matrix matching method was employed. Calcium of the same concentration as the test solution was added into the standard solution，and the samples were directly determined after dilution. With Scandium as the internal standard，the content of aluminum in compound calcium gluconate oral solution was determined by ICP-MS. Results The linear relationship of aluminum was good within the concentration range of 5-400 ng/mL，with a correlation coefficient of 1.000. The average recoveries of compound calcium gluconate oral solution at various concentration levels were 98.08%-102.67%，with relative standard deviation（RSD） of 0.35%-1.55%. Conclusion This method is convenient，rapid，accurate and sensitive，and can be used for the determination of aluminum in compound calcium gluconate oral solution，which can also provide reference for the determination of elemental impurities in samples with high calcium content，and for the quality control of compound calcium gluconate oral solution. Setting the limit of aluminum in compound calcium gluconate oral solution at 10 μg/mL can control the risk of using this product in people of all ages.

Analysis of the pollution characteristics and sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in PM_2.5 in Fengtai District of Beijing City from 2017 to 2022

SONG Wenjie, YAN Shuai, WANG Yujiang, ZHANG Laiying

2026, 42(1):  54-59. 

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Objective To analyze the pollution characteristics and sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons（PAHs） in fine particulate matter（PM_2.5） by continuously collecting air samples from Fengtai District of Beijing City from 2017 to 2022，and provide references for air pollution prevention and control. Methods Air samples were collected from 10th to 16th every month together with haze weather to analyze the various components and pollution sources of PAHs in PM_2.5 in different years，seasons，and heating periods. Results From 2017 to 2022，the average concentration of PM_2.5 in Fengtai District showed a downward trend，and it was 2.6 times more in 2017 than that in 2022. The average concentration of PAHs showed a rising-decreasing-rising trend，and it was 29.0 times more in 2018 than that in 2020. The peak average concentration of PM_2.5 and PAHs was mostly concentrated in winter，and the supreme of PM_2.5 was in February 2017（0.175 mg/m³） while the peak average concentration of PAHs was in January 2019（121.24 ng/m³）. There were statistically significant differences in the average concentrations of various components of PAHs in different years，seasons，heating periods and non-heating periods（all P<0.05）. The average concentration of PAHs in winter was 14.6 times more than that in summer，and the heating period was 5.6 times more than that in non-heating period. The pollution sources in Fengtai District were mainly coal/biomass combustion sources，followed by traffic sources. Conclusion From 2017 to 2022，the concentration of PM_2.5 and PAHs in the air in Fengtai District of Beijing City were decreased gradually，and the air quality was improved，but the pollution in the heating period was still more severe than that in the non-heating period，it is still necessary to strengthen the pollution sources control，especially the control of coal/biomass combustion sources.

Preparation and photocatalytic performance evaluation of TiO₂ nanocomposites dual-modified with palladium and graphene oxide

LAI Wenqing, LIU Huanliang, SHI Yue, NIE Huipeng, XI Zhuge, LIN Bencheng

2026, 42(1):  60-65. 

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Objective To investigate the effect of palladium and graphene oxide composite modification on the photocatalytic performance of titanium dioxide. Methods The sol-gel method was employed to prepare a composite photocatalytic nanomaterial of palladium and graphene oxide co-modified titanium dioxide（TiO₂@Pd-GO）. The microstructure，morphology，and other physicochemical properties and catalytic performance of TiO₂@Pd-GO were investigated using various characterization techniques such as XRD，XPS，SEM，and UV-Vis-DRS. The photocatalytic purification performance of the composite nanomaterial was evaluated through degradation experiments of the substrate methyl violet. Results The photoresponsive region of the palladium and graphene oxide-modified material TiO₂@Pd-GO was extended to the visible light range（approximately 620 nm），and the specific surface area was increased to 153.4 m²/g. Under mercury lamp-simulated natural light irradiation，the photocatalytic efficiency of TiO₂@Pd-GO was 30 times higher than that of pure TiO₂. Conclusion The co-modification of titanium dioxide with palladium and graphene oxide significantly enhances the material's photocatalytic efficiency by improving the light absorption range and adsorption properties of titanium dioxide. This research also provides a new approach for the preparation of highly efficient photocatalytic catalysts.

Exploring the effect of cornus officinalis glycosides on bone injury and osteoarthritis in cadmium exposed rats based on lncRNA DLEU2/miR-655/SMAD7 signaling pathway

BAI Bo, MA Jialiang, LIU Yongquan, ZHANG Yujian, CHEN Guodong, GONG Shan

2026, 42(1):  65-72. 

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Objective To investigate the effect of cornus officinalis glycosides on bone injury and osteoarthritis in rats exposed to cadmium based on the long non coding RNA deleted in lymphocytic leukemia 2（lncRNA DLEU2）/microRNA-655（miR-655）/Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 7（SMAD7） signaling pathway. Methods Animal experiments were conducted from June to December 2023 in the animal room of Qinhuangdao First Hospital. Forty rats were divided into a normal group，a cadmium exposure model group，a low-dose cornus officinalis glycosides group，and a high-dose cornus officinalis glycosides group. Except for the control group，the femoral osteoarthritis model of cadmium-exposed rats was established by continuous intragastric exposure to cadmium dichloride（CdCl₂） in all other groups. During the CdCl₂ exposure period，rats in the low-dose and high-dose cornus officinalis glycosides groups（2 000 and 4 000 mg/kg） were intragastrically administered with the corresponding dose of cornus officinalis glycosides daily，and the normal group and the cadmium exposure model group were intragastricly administered with an equal volume of normal saline. After the experiment，SkyScan 1076 Bruker-Micro CT scanner was used to measure the femoral bone density（BMD），trabecular number，trabecular thickness，and trabecular dispersion of the rats. The thermal stimulation latency，femoral osteoarthritis score，and toe volume of the rats were measured. Real-time fluorescence reverse transcription and Western blotting were used to measure the levels of lncRNA DLEU2，miR-655，and SMAD7 in the femur of the rats. And enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to measure the levels of interleukin-1β（IL-1β），tumor necrosis factor-α（TNF-α），and cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase-3（caspase-3） proteins in the femur of the rats. Results The cadmium exposure model group had higher levels of femoral trabecular dispersion，femoral joint inflammation area，toe volume，femoral miR-655 mRNA，and femoral IL-1β，TNF-α，and caspase-3 protein than those of the normal group，while BMD，trabecular number，trabecular thickness，paw withdrawal thermal latency（PEL），lncRNA DLEU2 mRNA（0.95±0.17 vs 4.32±0.16），SMAD7 mRNA（0.42±0.29 vs 4.82±0.10） and protein（0.32±0.06 vs 1.52±0.16） levels were lower than those of the normal group，and the differences were statistically significant（all P<0.05）. The trabecular dispersion，joint inflammation area，toe volume，femoral miR-655 mRNA，femoral IL-1β，TNF-α，and caspase-3 protein levels in the low-dose cornus officinalis glycosides groups and high-dose cornus officinalis glycosides groups were lower than those in the cadmium exposure model group，while BMD，trabecular number，trabecular thickness，PEL，lncRNA DLEU2 mRNA（1.72±0.11，2.87±0.07 vs 0.95±0.17），SMAD7 mRNA（1.11±0.20，2.89±0.17 vs 0.42±0.29） and protein levels（0.74±0.12，0.95±0.11 vs 0.32±0.06） were higher than those in the cadmium exposure model group，and the differences were statistically significant（all P<0.05）. The trabecular dispersion，femoral osteoarthritis area，toe volume，femoral miR-655 mRNA， femoral IL-1β，TNF-α，and caspase-3 protein levels in the high-dose cornus officinalis glycosides group were lower than those in the low-dose cornus officinalis glycosides group，while BMD，trabecular number，trabecular thickness，PEL，lncRNA DLEU2 mRNA（2.87±0.07 vs 1.72±0.11），SMAD7 mRNA（2.89±0.17 vs 1.11±0.20） and protein levels（0.95±0.11 vs 0.74±0.12） were higher than those in the low-dose cornus officinalis glycosides group（all P<0.05）. Conclusion Cornus officinalis glycosides have a significant therapeutic effect on bone injury and osteoarthritis in cadmium exposed rats. The mechanism is related to the activation of lncRNA DLEU2/miR-655/SMAD7 signaling pathway in the femur of cadmium exposed rats，thereby inhibiting inflammation and apoptosis of femoral cells.

Determination of 2，5-hexadione in urine by headspace arrow solid phase microextraction combined with GC-MS

QIU Qianying, YANG Qinghua, SHI Yilan, YE Qinghua, WANG Jinxin

2026, 42(1):  73-77. 

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Objective To establish a headspace arrow solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry（SPME-GC-MS） for the determination of 2，5-hexadione in urine，to provide a more efficient，simple and sensitive method for the detection of urine samples in people with occupational exposure to n-hexane. Methods 4 mL urine samples were collected in a headspace bottle，added salting agent，sealed and loaded on the machine. After separation by chromatographic column，SIM scanning was performed qualitatively and external standard method was used for quantization. Results After the column type，the amount of salting agent added and the conditions of arrow headspace solid phase microextraction were optimized，HP-INNOWax column was selected，1.5g NaCl was added，the preheating temperature was 60 ℃，and the extraction time was 30 min. The linearity of 2，5-hexanedione in urine was good in the concentration range of 0.05-5.00 μg/mL，and the correlation coefficient was 0.997 2. The limits of detection and the limits of quantification were 0.01 and 0.03 μg/mL，respectively. The relative standard deviation of precision test was 2.07%-6.19%，and the recovery rate of urine samples was 83.98%-97.62%. The method was used to test the urine samples of 8 occupational n-hexane contacts，and low concentration was detected in 5 of them. The experiment showed that this method had high sensitivity，and the results were accurate and reliable.Conclusion Compared with the liquid-liquid extraction method in the hygiene standard WS/T 243-2004 "Biological limit values for occupational exposure to n-hexane"，the established SPME-GC-MS for the detection of 2，5-hexandione in urine greatly simplifies the experimental procedure，and the pretreatment is simple and rapid，which can eliminate the interference of complex urine matrix，and can be used for urine sample detection and analysis in occupational exposure to n-hexane.

Investigation of food radioactivity level around uranium tailings area in Jiangxi Province

WANG Zhe, TAN Li, CAO Faming, DENG Lei

2026, 42(1):  78-82. 

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Objective To investigate the radioactivity level of food around uranium tailings area in Jiangxi Province，supplement the baseline database of food radio-nuclides in Jiangxi，to provide reference for hygienic evaluation and public health risk assessment. Methods From 2020 to 2023，food samples were collected in four areas surrounding two uranium tailings and control areas in Jiangxi Province，and 12 samples of 5 categories were collected from each area each year. The specific activities of ²³⁸U，²³²Th，²²⁶Ra，⁴⁰K，and ¹³⁷Cs were detected using high purity germanium（HPGe） gamma-ray spectrometry，and the data were analyzed and evaluated. Results No nuclide ²³⁸U was detected in food samples from 2020 to 2023，and the specific activities of other radionuclides were within the national standard limit. Compared with the control area，the relative difference rates of ²²⁶Ra and ⁴⁰K specific activities in food in two uranium tailings were close. The specific activity of radionuclides in tea and soybean was higher than that in other non-milk samples，and there was no statistically significant difference in specific activity of various radionuclides between different regions. The specific activity of ¹³⁷Cs in 4 milk powder samples in 2022 and 2023 were 0.45，0.90，0.46 and 0.41 Bq/kg，respectively. ¹³⁷Cs was not detected in other samples. The average annual effective dose due to residents' diet from 2020 to 2023 was 0.07 mSv/a. Conclusion There is no artificial radionuclide ¹³⁷Cs in local food around uranium tailings in Jiangxi Province，and the radioactivity level in food will not cause harm to the health of residents.

Analysis of the current status and influencing factors of workplace spirituality and psychological capital among nurses in military hospitals

ZHEN Yuehua, ZHANG Shiting, HUANG Zhubao

2026, 42(1):  83-88. 

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Objective To investigate the current status of workplace spirituality among nurses in military hospitals and to explore the relationship between psychological capital and workplace spirituality，in order to provide a reference basis for the development of interventions to improve workplace spirituality among nurses in military hospitals. Methods From January to February 2024， 246 nurses were selected as study subjects in three military general hospitals in Fujian Province using convenience sampling，the general information questionnaire，workplace spirituality scale，and clinical nurses' psychological capital scale were used for the questionnaire survey，and the data were analyzed. Results The mean score of nurses' workplace spirituality entries was （4.35±0.86）points，the total score of workplace spirituality was （138.75±2.08）points，and the total score of psychological capital was （151.25±4.01）points. The total score of nurses' workplace spirituality was positively correlated with nurses' psychological capital（r=0.673，P<0.01）. Age，the degree of conflict between family and work，hope，and the dimensions of hope and collaborative communication in the psychological capital were the influencing factors of nurses' workplace spirituality in military hospitals（all P<0.05）. Conclusion Workplace spirituality and psychological capital of nurses in military hospitals are in the upper middle level，and the higher the level of psychological capital，the higher the level of nurses' workplace spirituality. Nursing managers can improve the level of workplace spirituality of nurses in military hospitals and thus improve the quality of nursing care by forming a good working atmosphere and reasonable workload distribution in the department，organizing relevant lectures and trainings，and instructing nurses in military hospitals to adopt reasonable ways of coping.

Analysis of the epidemic characteristics and trends of newly reported HIV/AIDS cases in Hezhou City of Guangxi Province from 2005 to 2023

ZENG Zi, LI Jianbiao, LI Zhi, LUO Cheng, WANG Ruyan, GUO Junyang

2026, 42(1):  89-95. 

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Objective To analyze the characteristics of newly reported human immunodeficiency virus（HIV）/acquired immune deficiency syndrome（AIDS） cases and the trend of new reporting rate in Hezhou City of Guangxi Province from 2005 to 2023，so as to provide scientific basis for formulating targeted AIDS prevention and control measures. Methods The annual newly reported HIV/AIDS case information and population information of Hezhou City from 2005 to 2023 were obtained from the China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention. The descriptive and statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS 23.0，and the epidemic trend of HIV/AIDS was analyzed using the Joinpoint regression model. Results From 2005 to 2023，a total of 8 986 HIV/AIDS cases were reported in Hezhou City，with an average annual new report rate of 23.05/100 000. The ratio of male to female cases was 2.47 ∶ 1，and the average annual new report rate for males was higher than that for females. The age group of 20-<50 years old accounted for 58.63% of all cases，with the highest annual new report rate in the age group of ≥50 years old. The cases were mainly concentrated in Babu District and Pinggui District，accounting for 33.73% and 28.38% respectively，with the highest new reporting rate in Pinggui District. The main mode of transmission was sexual transmission，with heterosexual transmission accounting for 78.13% and homosexual transmission accounting for 2.25%. 68.37% of case reports came from medical institutions，while 24.54% came from institutions for disease control and prevention. Joinpoint regression analysis showed that the overall new reporting rate of HIV/AIDS cases in Hezhou City showed a downward trend from 2005 to 2023（AAPC=-4.82%， P<0.01）. Conclusion The new report rate of HIV/AIDS cases in Hezhou City is on the decline as a whole. The middle-aged，elderly and men who have sex with men are high-risk groups for HIV infection. We should continue to strengthen prevention and control measures such as publicity，intervention，testing and treatment to further control the prevalence of HIV/AIDS.

Analysis of the mediating effect of mental resilience on self-management and hearing function recovery in military patients with detonation deafness

ZHOU Haiyan, LI Min, CHENG Yaping, WANG Qian, GUAN Lanlan

2026, 42(1):  95-99. 

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Objective To explore the mediating effect of mental resilience on self-management and hearing recovery in military patients with detonation deafness，and provide reference for guiding clinical promotion of hearing function recovery in patients. Methods From August 2022 to April 2024，a total of 242 military patients who received the first treatment for blasting deafness in a grade-A tertiary hospital in Hefei City were selected as the study objects by convenient sampling method. A data questionnaire，mental resilience scale，self-management assessment scale for patients with sudden deafness，and simplified Chinese speech spatial sound quality hearing scale were used for investigation，and the data were analyzed. Results The total score of self-management，mental resilience and hearing function of 242 military patients with detonation deafness were （90.85±10.92），（81.43±5.75） and （420.81± 16.47）points. The psychological resilience，self-management and hearing function were all positively correlated pairwise（all P<0.01），and the mediating effect of mental resilience between self-management and hearing recovery was 96.3%. Conclusion Mental resilience plays a mediating role in the self-management ability and hearing function recovery in military patients with detonation deafness. Medical staff can improve their mental resilience，enhance their self-management ability，and then promote the recovery of hearing function.

Distribution characteristics and health risk assessment of 11 metals and metal-like metals in drinking water in Huanggang City from 2020 to 2024

ZHENG Yi, REN Ying, LIU Xueqin, WANG Chihua, WANG Fen

2026, 42(1):  100-106. 

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Objective To understand the distribution characteristics of 11 metals and metal-like substances in drinking water in Huanggang City，assess their health risks，and provide scientific basis for the supervision of drinking water safety in Huanggang City. Methods From 2020 to 2024，a total of 3 850 drinking water samples were collected from drinking water quality monitoring sites in 10 counties of Huanggang City，and the concentrations of arsenic，cadmium，chromium（hexavalent），lead，mercury，selenium，aluminum，iron，manganese，copper and zinc in the water samples were detected. The health risk model recommended by the United States Environmental Protection Agency（US EPA） was used to evaluate the health risks of 11 metals and metal-like substances through drinking water. Results From 2020 to 2024，the concentrations of 11 metals and metal-like substances in drinking water in Huanggang City ranged from ND to 1.34 mg/L，the detection rate was 0.3% to 28.3%，and the qualification rate was 99.6% to 100.0%. There were statistically significant differences in the concentrations of 11 metals and metal-like substances in different years（P<0.01），among which arsenic，iron，copper，hexavalent chromium and manganese showed an overall increasing trend. The concentrations of arsenic，aluminum，iron and zinc in rural drinking water were higher than those in urban drinking water，and the differences were statistically significant（all P<0.01）. General exposure level and high exposure level total hazard quotient（THQ） of 11 metals and metal-like substances were 1.76×10^-2 and 2.12×10^-1，respectively，both lower than 1. The general exposure level and high exposure level total carcinogenic risk（TCR） were 1.82×10^-5 and 1.70×10^-4，respectively，with TCR>1×10^-4 for high exposure level. There were significant differences in THQ and TCR among different years，regions and populations（all P<0.01）. With the change of years，the general exposure levels THQ and TCR remained stable，while the high exposure levels THQ and TCR decreased first and then increased. The general exposure level of THQ and various exposure level of TCR in urban water were higher than those in rural water，while the high exposure level of THQ was lower than that in rural water. Children aged 0-5 years had the highest health risk. Hexavalent chromium and arsenic were the main contributing metals to health risks in different regions and populations. Conclusion The pollution degree of 11 metals and metal-like metals in drinking water in Huanggang City is relatively low，which meets the national health standard. The THQ is within the acceptable range，and the TCR of high exposure level exceeds the recommended value. Relevant departments need to focus on the health risks caused by 0-5 years old children ingesting hexavalent chromium and arsenic through drinking water.

Chain mediation of social support and resilience in workplace bullying and nursing interns' mental health

LI Jinping, TAN Yizhou, CHENG Nan, LIU Xiangying, DUAN Jiajia

2026, 42(1):  107-112. 

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Objective To explore the impact of workplace bullying on mental health of nursing interns，and analyze the chain mediating effects of social support and resilience between them. Methods With convenience sampling，353 nursing interns from three grade-A tertiary hospitals in Wuhan were selected as research objects from June to September 2022. General information questionnaire，Chinese negative behavior questionnaire-revised，social support rating scale，Connor-Davidsion resilience scale and 12-item general health questionnaires were used for investigation，and a chain intermediary model was constructed and tested. Results The scores for workplace bullying，mental health，social support，and resilience among nursing interns were （33.08±11.61），（1.73±2.00），（33.59±5.75） and （89.50±19.69）points，respectively. There was a significant positive correlation between nursing interns' mental health scores and workplace bullying scores（r=0.206，P<0.01），and significant negative correlations with social support and resilience scores（r=-0.251，-0.390，both P<0.01）. Social support and resilience played an intermediary role between workplace bullying and mental health through two paths：workplace bullying→resilience→mental health，workplace bullying→social support→resilience→mental health. The effect values were 0.010 and 0.004，respectively，accounting for 24.4% and 9.8% of the total effect values. Conclusion Workplace bullying can not only directly affect mental health，but also indirectly affect mental health through the intermediary role of resilience and the chain intermediary role of social support and resilience.

Survey on the current status of sense of meaning in life among medical undergraduates at Inner Mongolia Medical University

LIU Zheyu, CHEN Xuexia, CHEN Yanling, ZHANG Jing

2026, 42(1):  113-119. 

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Objective To investigate the current situation of medical students' sense of meaning in life，analyze the relevant influencing factors，provide scientific data support for medical educators，and help medical students establish correct values. Methods From April to September 2023，a convenience sampling method was used to survey 933 undergraduate medical students at Inner Mongolia Medical University using a general information questionnaire，the sense of meaning in life scale，the Chinese version of the death attitude portrayal scale（revised），the death anxiety scale，and the death education needs scale，and the data were analyzed. Results The total score of the sense of meaning in life among 933 medical students was （91.93±15.41）points，of which 84 were in the high group，accounting for 9.10%；415 people in the middle group，accounting for 44.48%；434 people in the low group，accounting for 46.51%. The total score of death fear was （22.70±5.91）points，indicating that death attitude was mainly based on death fear，and death attitude was positively correlated with medical students' sense of meaning in life. The score for death anxiety was （45.22±8.17）points，and the score for individual items was （3.01±0.54）points，indicating a high level of death anxiety. The total score of death education need was （41.85±7.16）points，and the average score for each item was （4.19±0.72）points，indicating a high demand for death education. The self-assessment of family well-being，attitude toward death，death anxiety，and future employment situation were significantly correlated with medical students' sense of meaning in life（all P<0.05）. Conclusion Totally 933 medical students have a low sense of meaning in life and cannot view death correctly. Factors affecting their sense of meaning in life include family，individual，and social levels，among which parental care and support，self-assessment of family well-being，the degree of liking of the students' specialty，whether they are class members or not，the frequency of participating in club activities，the view of the future employment prospects，interpersonal relationships，the attitude towards death，and the anxiety about death are the main influencing factors. Colleges and universities need to pay more attention to medical students' sense of meaning in life，and actively carry out guidance courses related to the sense of meaning in life to help students establish a positive and optimistic attitude toward life.

Co-word clustering analysis of research hotspots on core competencies of nursing interns in China

YU Simiao, WANG Xuemei, ZHANG Ying, LIU Yang, LIU Zihan, LI Zhihua

2026, 42(1):  120-124. 

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Objective To analyze the current research status and development trends on core competencies of nursing interns in China through visualization analysis，to identify the research hotspots and future research directions in this field. Methods From January 2020 to November 2024，the China National Knowledge Infrastructure（CNKI） was systematically searched for bibliometric analysis to construct a knowledge map including publication volume，keywords，countries of publication，institutions of publication，and authors. Results The research results indicate that from January 2020 to November 2024，the total number of published articles on the core competencies of nursing interns in China was 1 824，showing a year-by-year downward trend. Deyang People's Hospital，the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University，and Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University had produced the most research results in this field，with 42，23，and 21 articles，respectively. High-frequency keywords included "clinical teaching""nursing""effectiveness""teaching methods""operating room""satisfaction""practice""performance""influencing factors" and "education". Research hotspots mainly focused on influencing factors，effectiveness evaluation，and teaching methods. Conclusion From 2020 to 2024，the number of publications on the core competencies of nursing interns in China generally shows a downward trend，with research primarily concentrates on influencing factors，effectiveness evaluation，and teaching methods. Regional and inter-institutional collaboration remain limited. It is recommended to promote multi-departmental and interdisciplinary cooperation across regions and institutions within China's cultural context，establish efficient academic teams，conduct in-depth research to optimize teaching methods for nursing interns，and provide references for advancing core competency studies of clinical nursing interns in China.

Health Management and Research

Current situation and optimization path of international cultivation of Tianjin health talents

LIANG Liang, ZHANG Dapeng, WANG Lijun, DONG Jie, CHEN Jian

2026, 42(1):  125-129. 

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Objective To clarify the structure of Tianjin's health talent internationalization training and the problems it raises，and explore optimized pathways for cultivation. Methods By collecting relevant data on overseas training for medical personnel from 20 healthcare institutions in Tianjin，a retrospective analysis was conducted on the personnel dispatched for international training from January 2017 to December 2024. Results The international training in Tianjin had formed a fixed structure characterized by participants aged 45 and above（54.22%），senior professional titles（73.74%），and clinical medical personnel（51.33%），with short-term training（46.02%） and academic conferences（45.78%） being the primary forms. It had also undergone a transformation from predominantly focusing on European and American countries（76.92% in 2017） and joint models（39.56% in 2017） to a shift towards Asian countries（70.67% in 2024） and the coexistence of various organizational models. Conclusion There are still deficiencies in the coverage structure of personnel，research experience，achievement transformation，and regional internationalization capacity in the international cultivation of health talents in Tianjin. In the future，it is necessary to expand multidimensional personnel coverage，establish a "multipolar" talent research network，optimize training formats，and consolidate a diversified development pattern to lay a foundation for promoting high-quality international cultivation of health talents.

Overview

Research progress on the application of message framing effect in the field of health management

JIAO Congcong, ZHU Keke, ZHU Tianshun, WANG He

2026, 42(1):  130-134. 

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Health is the fundamental premise for people to pursue a happy life，and it is also the basic guarantee for the sustainable and stable development of society. Scientific and effective health management is of great significance to reduce the risk of disease and improve the health level of the population. The message framing effect emphasizes influencing health behavior decision-making through different information expressions without changing the meaning of the content，which provides a new theoretical perspective for health behavior intervention. The purpose of this study is to review the concept，origin and development of the message framing effect，its classification，and its application in the field of health management，and put forward the shortcomings and prospects on this basis，in order to increase the understanding of the message framing effect among nursing，promote the application of the theory in nursing practice，and further optimize the health management system and improve the quality of medical care.

Research progress of nurses' job embeddedness based on job demands-resources model

HOU Weihua, WANG Guimei, MA Li, YIN Xiaobing

2026, 42(1):  135-139. 

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As a key variable to predict employee turnover，job embeddedness has become a hot research topic in the field of management. On the other hand，job demand-resources（JD-R） model can explain employees' career experience from the perspective of stressors. Based on the JD-R model，this article mainly reviews clinical nurses' work embedding assessment tools，research status，influencing factors and management strategies of clinical nursing，in order to provide reference for nursing managers to formulate comprehensive management measures，improve nurses' professional happiness and stabilize nursing work team.

Patient protection issues and countermeasures in superficial X-ray radiotherapy

GU Haoyan, JIANG Wenwen, YU Runqiu, FENG Zechen, BAI Bin, MA Yongzhong

2026, 42(1):  139-144. 

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Superficial X-ray radiotherapy（SXRT） is a radiotherapy technique widely used in the treatment of dermatological conditions， and it is currently primarily employed in clinical settings for superficial skin lesions such as skin cancer，pathological scars，hemangiomas and neurodermatitis. In recent years，its application scope has gradually expanded，and the accompanying radiation risks for patients have also received increasing attention. The clinical application of SXRT and the problems it poses in patient protection are particularly prominent，this is mainly manifested in the fact that a higher proportion of patients receiving SXRT tend to be younger，and the risk of secondary radiation injury is high；Clinically，the protection outside target lesion for patients undergoing SXRT is not properly implemented or even absent；In the actual treatment operation of SXRT，there is a lack of identification rules and individualized protection strategies for SXRT of special population. This article summarizes the establishment of standardized radiation protection measures and operational norms，and points out that on-site measurement of the radiation dose levels and distribution of key tissues outside target lesion of patients undergoing SXRT，as well as the establishment of a SXRT patient protection technical platform，are the practical problems that urgently need to be solved in SXRT patient protection，providing ideas and basis for formulating complete SXRT patient protection norms.