Abstract:

Insomnia is characterized by frequent and persistent difficulty in falling asleep or maintaining sleep，and is one of the most common sleep disorders in clinical practice. The microbiota residing in the gastrointestinal tract has the ability to regulate the function of the central nervous system. Studies have found that there is bidirectional communication between the gut microbiota and the central nervous system，known as the "microbiota-gut-brain axis"，and its changes are closely related to the occurrence and development of insomnia. Central nervous system neurotransmitters are involved in mediating the regulation of the sleep-wake cycle，and subtle changes in the levels of related neurotransmitters have a significant impact on sleep quality. This article reviews the role and research progress of neurotransmitters based on the microbiota-gut-brain axis in insomnia，systematically sorts out and comprehensively analyzes the related mechanisms and future treatment prospects，providing a new perspective for the in-depth understanding of the mechanism and effective treatment of insomnia.

Key words: Insomnia, Gut microbiota, Neurotransmitter, Sleep, Microbiota-gut-brain axis, Central nervous system