Abstract: Objective To understand the distribution and epidemic characteristics of syphilis in Pingchang County of Bazhong City from 2016 to 2021, so as to provide conference for formulating appropriate and effective prevention and control policies. Methods Data was exported from the China Disease Prevention and Control Information System, and descriptive epidemiology was used to analyze the syphilis epidemic in Pingchang County of Bazhong City from 2016 to 2021. Results A total af 1 763 syphilis cases were reported in Pingchang County of Bazhong City from 2016 to 2021, with an average annual incidence rate of 36.29/100 000. The reported incidence rate increased from 22.59/100 000 in 2016 to 39.93/100 000 in 2021 （χ²_trend=55.192, P<0.01）, with an average annual growth rate of 12.07%. There was a statistically significant difference in the annual incidence rate of syphilis（χ²=95.375, P<0.01）. The main type of syphilis was recessive syphilis（89.05%）. The top 10 high-prevalence areas were Jiangkou Town, Bishan Town, Tuxing Town, Zhenlong Town, Chauma Town, Baiyi Town, Yuntai Town, Qiujia Town, Qingyun Town, Yuanshan Town, accounting for 50.20% of the tatal, with Zhenlong Town exhibiting the largest increase average annual growth rate（67.03%）. The incidence rates of syphilis in both males and females showed an increasing trend（χ²_trend=14.576, 43.492, both P<0.01）, but the average annual growth rate of females was higher than that in males. The proportion of reported syphilis cases in the age group of ≥60 years old was the highest among the total number of cases（60.58%）. The occupations of most patients were farmers, unemployed household workers and retirees. Conclusions The situation of syphilis prevention and control in Pingchang County, Bazhong City from 2016 to 2021 is still not optimistic, and the task of prevention and control is arduous. It is necessary to increase intervention efforts and publicity and education work in key areas and populations to effectively control the spread of syphilis.

Key words: Pingchang Country, Bazhong City, Syphilis, Report the incidence rate, Epidemiologic characteristic