Effects of air pollution on lung function of primary school students in Urumqi City

Abstract

Abstract: Objective To understand the differences in lung function among primary school students in different air pollution areas of Urumqi City. Methods The air pollution data from Tianshan District and Midong District of Urumqi City in 2021 were collected,including the daily average concentrations of SO₂,NO₂,CO,ozone daily maximum of running 8 hour（O_{3-8 h}）,inhalable particulate matter（PM₁₀） and fine particulate matter（PM_2.5）,to analyze the air pollution situation in Tianshan District and Midong District. Using cluster random sampling method,300 students from grades 3-5 in primary school（A and B） in Midong District and Tianshan District of Urumqi City were selected respectively（150 students in each school）,to collect the information on gender,age,height and body mass,and lung function testing was performed,and the main detection indicators included forced vital capacity（FVC）,forced expiratory volume in one second（FEV1.0）,peak expiratory flow（PEF）,forced expiratory flow at 75% vital （PEF75%） and forced expiratory flow at 75% vital（PEF25%）. Results The air pollutant monitoring data of 365 days in 2021 were collected. The daily average concentration of SO₂ in Tianshan District and Midong District was 2.0-16.0 and 2.0-37.0 μg/m³ respectively,the daily average concentration of PM_2.5 in Tianshan District and Midong District was 6.0-254.0 and 9.0-415.0 μg/m³ respectively,and the daily average concentration of PM₁₀ in Tianshan District and Midong District was 11.0-547.0 and 6.0-791.0 μg/m³respectively. The statistical analysis showed that the daily average concentrations of CO,O_{3-8 h} and PM_2.5 in Midong District were higher than those in Tianshan District,and the differences were statistically significant（all P<0.05）. The daily average concentrations of SO₂ and NO₂ in Tianshan District were higher than those in Midong District,and the differences were statistically significant（all P<0.05）. There were no statistically significant differences in the daily average concentrations of PM₁₀ between Tianshan District and Midong District（all P>0.05）. It was found that the concentration of air pollutants varies seasonally,with higher concentrations of SO₂,NO₂,CO,PM₁₀ and PM_2.5 in winter and spring,and lower concentrations of O_{3-8 h} in summer and autumn. A total of 300 primary school students were surveyed. The body mass index（BMI） among students in school A and school B was 12.43-27.77 and 13.39-33.12 kg/m² respectively. There were no statistically significant differences in height,weight and BMI index of primary school students between school A and school B（all P>0.05）. The FVC of primary school students in school A and school B was 0.14-2.29 and 0.79-2.27 L respectively. The FEV1.0 of primary school students in school A and school B was 0.14-2.22 and 0.79-2.18 L respectively. The FVC,FEV1.0,PEF,PEF75% and PEF25% of primary school students in Midong District were lower than those in Tianshan District,and the differences were statistically significant（all P<0.01）. Conclusions Both regions of Tianshan District and Midong District in Urumqi City have varying degrees of pollution,with NO₂,PM₁₀ and PM_2.5 exceeding the second level standard of the ambient air standard（GB 3095-2012）. The air pollution in the main urban area of Urumqi City has a certain impact on children's lung function. It is necessary to further strengthen the control of air pollution,strengthen the respiratory health prote ction of primary school students in winter,and protect the healthy growth of primary school students.

Key words: Air pollution, Primary school students, Lung function

CLC Number:

R122

XIA Rongxiang, Adili Simayi, LIN Qin, PAN Kai, LI Jie, ZHANG Ling. Effects of air pollution on lung function of primary school students in Urumqi City. [J]OCCUPATION AND HEALTH, 2024, 40(16): 2260-2265.

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