Table of Content

15 August 2024, Volume 40 Issue 16

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Treatise

Analysis of correlation between overqualification,psychological contract breach and job burnout in clinical nurses

ZHOU Bingqian, WANG Ai, CAO Hong

2024, 40(16):  2161-2166. 

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Objective To understand the current situation of job burnout among clinical nurses,and to analyze the correlation between overqualification and psychological contract breach with job burnout,with a view to providing reference for managers to formulate interventions to reduce job burnout. Methods Convenience sampling method was used to select 291 nurses from a grade-A tertiary hospital in Tianjin from July to August 2023 as survey subjects. General information questionnaire,Maslach burn-out inventory general survey,perceived overqualification scale,and psychological contract questionnaire of nursing staff were used for questionnaire survey,and the data were analyzed. Results The total score of 291 clinical nurses' job burnout,overqualification and psychological contract breach were（49.55±10.27）,（29.95±10.21） and （66.40±18.07）points,respectively. The job burnout of clinical nurses was positively correlated with overqualification and psychological contract breach（r=0.540,0.691,both P<0.01）,the emotional exhaustion dimension and the cynicism dimension of job burnout were positively correlated with each of the dimensions of overqualification and psychological contract breach（r=0.405-0.583,all P<0.01）,and the dimensions of the sense of underachievement were negatively correlated with each of the dimensions of overqualification and psychological contract breach （r=-0.548--0.390,all P<0.01）. The highest educational level,number of night shifts,average daily sleep time,overqualification and psychological contract breach were all the influencing factors of job burnout among clinical nurses（all P<0.05）,among which the overqualification and the psychological contract breach were the main influencing factors of job burnout among nurses,which could explain 42.4% of the total variance. Conclusion Totally 291 clinical nurses in a grade-A tertiary hospital in Tianjin have moderate levels of occupational burnout,which is positively correlated with overqualification and psychological contract breach. Managers can reduce the level of clinical nurses' overqualification and psychological contract breach in order to weaken their job burnout,and then reduce the rate of nurses' turnover and maintain the stable development of the health care service system.

Correlation analysis of occupational stress,positive psychological capital,and depressive symptoms among workers in a tire manufacturing factory in Shandong Province

LIN Long, ZHANG Zhihu

2024, 40(16):  2167-2174. 

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Objective To understand the current status of occupational stress and depression among workers in a tire manufacturing factory in Shandong Province,and analyze the relevant factors that affect the occupational stress and depression symptoms of workers in various tire processing processes. Methods From July to August 2023,a simple random sampling method was used to investigate 453 employees of a tire manufacturing factory in Shandong Province.The effort reward imbalance（ERI） questionnaire, positive psychological capital questionnaire,and patient health questionnaire（PHQ-9） were used to investigate the correlation between occupational stress,positive psychological capital,and depression status among workers in the factory,and the data was analyzed. Results The occupational hazard factors generated during the production process of the tire manufacturing factory mainly include noise,organic and inorganic dust,toxic and harmful gases,high temperature,and organic solvents,etc. Among the 453 research subjects,366 were male and 86 were female. Among the workers,there were 2 workers with occupational stress（0.44%）,and 282 workers with depressive symptoms（62.17%）. Compared with workers in tire rubber refining positions,the total depression symptoms of workers in the tire forming position and finished product inspection position increased by 1.942 and 2.562 points,respectively（both P<0.05）. Compared with workers who frequently drink alcohol,workers who do not drink alcohol or occasionally drink alcohol had a 0.942 points increase in the total score of depression symptoms（P<0.05）. Compared to workers who frequently smoke,workers who do not smoke or occasionally smoke had a total depression symptom score reduction of 1.765 points（P<0.05）. Compared with workers with A type personality,workers with B type personality had a decrease in the total score of depression symptoms by 1.046 points（P<0.05）,while workers with C type personality had an increase in the total score of depression symptoms by 1.191 points（P<0.05）. The dimensions of effort,return,and intrinsic engagement in the ERI model of occupational stress had a significant impact on the total score of depression symptoms among tire factory workers（all P<0.05）. The scores of effort and intrinsic engagement dimensions were negatively correlated with the total score of depression symptoms among tire factory workers,while the score of the return dimension was positively correlated with the depression symptoms among tire factory workers（all P<0.05）. Conclusion The depression situation among workers in a tire manufacturing factory in Shandong Province is severe. Management should regularly monitor the mental health status of workers,take targeted measures to reduce the occurrence and development of depression symptoms,and protect their psychological health from multiple dimensions.

Analysis on effectiveness of active monitoring of pneumoconiosis in Jiangsu Province from 2019 to 2022

ZHOU Lang, HAN Lei, ZHAO Yuan, GAO Qianqian, XIE Lizhuang

2024, 40(16):  2174-2178. 

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Objective To retrospectively analyze the active monitoring of pneumoconiosis and other related work carried out in Jiangsu Province from 2019 to 2022,summarize the effectiveness of the work over the past 4 years and analyze the shortcomings,in order to provide reference for future prevention and control work of pneumoconiosis. Methods Referring to the national and Jiangsu Province's active monitoring work plan for pneumoconiosis,relying on the Jiangsu Province Occupational Disease Prevention and Control Information Management Platform and databases such as China National Knowledge Infrastructure and Wanfang Data Resources,relevant monitoring and follow-up data and Chinese journal literature were collected and summarized,and the data were analyzed. Results In the active monitoring of the core indicators of pneumoconiosis,the actual number of people who completed active monitoring each year exceeded the number of national tasks for that year,and the number of pneumoconiosis like changes and the detection rate of pneumoconiosis like changes showed a decreasing trend year by year. Workers in small and medium-sized enterprises in Jiangsu Province who exposed to casting dust,silica dust,welding fume,and cement dust experienced pneumoconiosis like changes,and the workers were mostly concentrated in the mining and manufacturing industries. The screening of pneumoconiosis sentinel hospitals annually identifies dust exposed workers with pneumoconiosis like changes,and the number and detection rate of pneumoconiosis like changes decreased year by year. The medical follow-up rate of patients with pneumoconiosis had been increasing year by year,with a follow-up rate of 100.00% in 2022. As of June 30,2023,the research output of this work had been officially published in a total of 22 papers in domestic Chinese journals,with the highest number of papers published in Nanjing（9,accounting for 40.9%）,the highest number of papers published in disease control institutions（20,accounting for 90.91%）,and 6 papers published in Chinese core journals（27.27%）. Conclusion The proactive monitoring of pneumoconiosis in Jiangsu Province from 2019 to 2022 has promoted the high-quality development of the province's pneumoconiosis prevention and control work. In the future, it is necessary to focus on the occupational dust concentration detection of small and medium-sized enterprises with these dust hazards and the occupational health of workers in high-risk industries.

Impact of stakeholder pressure and occupational stress on mental health of dental nurses

XU Xianxing, GUO Meihua, LIU Miaomiao, YANG Yanxia, LI Wulin, DENG Ying

2024, 40(16):  2179-2183. 

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Objective To explore the impact of stakeholder pressure and occupational stress on mental health of dental nurses. Methods From January 2022 to March 2023,a convenient sampling method was used to select 184 dental nurses from 6 tertiary comprehensive hospitals in Wuhan City as the survey subjects. The survey was conducted using the general situation scale,stakeholder stress scale,occupational stress scale and mental health scale,and the data were analyzed. Results The stakeholder pressure score of dental nurses was （27.85±4.42）points,occupational stress score was （357.41±62.58）points,and mental health score was （12.24±2.85）points. The comparison of stakeholder stress,occupational stress,and mental health scores among dental nurses of different ages,years of work,professional titles,marital status,and monthly income showed statistically significant differences（all P<0.05）.Stakeholder pressure and occupational stress jointly explained 33.70% of the variation in the mental health of dental nurses. Conclusion The psychological health of dental nurses is at a moderate level,and stakeholder pressure and occupational stress have a significant impact on mental health. Hospital managers can take intervention measures to reduce stakeholder pressure and alleviate occupational stress,in order to improve the mental health status of dental nurses.

Longitudinal analysis of blood routine in 338 workers exposed to BTEX in a petroleum refining enterprise in Hainan Province from 2020 to 2022

FAN Shiheng, WU Qisheng, ZHOU Bingxian, WANG Longyi, YU De'e, ZHANG Jing

2024, 40(16):  2183-2187. 

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Objective To understand the abnormal rate and trend of blood routine among workers exposed to benzene,toluene,ethylbenzene,and xylenes（BTEX） in the petroleum refining enterprise in Hainan Province from 2020 to 2022,so as to develop effective preventive and control measures for BTEX exposed workers. Methods The study focused on workers who have been exposed to BTEX for 3 consecutive years and have worked for at least 1 year in a petroleum refining enterprise in Hainan Province from 2020 to 2022,and a longitudinal analysis was used to explore the relationship between BTEX exposure and abnormal blood cell count in workers. Results From 2020 to 2022,a total of 338 BTEX exposure workers in a petroleum refining enterprise in Hainan Province underwent health checks for 3 consecutive years,including 302 men and 36 women.From 2020 to 2022,there were statistically significant differences in the levels of white blood cells,platelets,neutrophils,red blood cells,and male' hemoglobin concentration of workers in petroleum refining enterprise among 3 years（all P<0.05）,and the average white blood cell count was increasing year by year,which were 6.71×10⁹/L,7.02×10⁹/L and 7.09×10⁹/L,respectively.The red blood cell abnormality rate among male workers exposed to BTEX in 3 years was 5.63%,3.97% and 12.58%,respectively,and the difference was statistically significant（P<0.05）.There was statistically significant difference in the hemoglobin concentration among females in different age groups（P<0.05）.The red blood cell abnormality rate among male workers increased with working years,which were 3.36%,5.96% and 9.81%（P<0.05）. The hemoglobin concentration and neutrophil abnormality rate in males showed a decreasing trend under different smoking conditions,the abnormal rate of hemoglobin concentration in males under different drinking conditions showed a decreasing trend,and the differences were statistically significant（all P<0.05）.The abnormal rates of neutrophils and platelets in females were higher than those in males,while the abnormal rate of red blood cells in males was higher than that in females,and the differences were statistically significant（all P<0.05）. Conclusion Long term exposure to low concentrations of BTEX has potential toxicity to male erythroid related blood,and a longitudinal study is needed to quantify benzene series measurements in workers exposed to BTEX to confirm the blood toxicity of low-level BTEX exposure.

Construction of chromium valence analysis kit in water based on surface-enhanced Raman scattering technology

NING Qiong, SONG Liqun, ZHANG Wei, QIN Zhanxia, WANG Cuijuan

2024, 40(16):  2188-2192. 

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Objective Chromium mainly exists in trivalent chromium[Cr（III）] and hexavalent chromium[Cr（VI）],among which Cr（VI） can have serious negative impacts on ecosystems and exposed populations. This study is based on surface-enhanced Raman scattering（SERS） technology to construct a rapid qualitative and quantitative detection kit for the valence of chromium in water. Methods Nano silver colloidal solution was prepared by chemical synthesis as the SERS active substrate,and a portable Raman spectrometer was used as the detection platform to achieve fast reading analysis of chromium valence states in water and on-site rapid quantitative detection of Cr（VI）,which were integrated into a portable reagent kit. Improve sensitivity by optimizing experimental conditions such as the type of coagulation salt and coagulation time. Results The reagent kit constructed in this study could quickly distinguish between Cr（III） and Cr（VI）,and the linear range for detecting Cr（VI） was 2 μg/L to 20 mg/L （R²=0.997）,with a detection limit as low as 0.73 μg/L,a recovery rate of 90.37% to 97.56%,demonstrating excellent reproducibility. Conclusion Compared with traditional methods,the chromium valence state analysis kit constructed in this study is low-cost,easy to operate,and suitable for rapid on-site detection.

Determination of neonicotinoid insecticides in fruits and vegetables by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry

WANG Jiao, ZHANG Lei, FAN Wensu, ZHANG Jing, JIA Shoushi

2024, 40(16):  2193-2196. 

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Objective To establish an ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry（UPLC-MS/MS） method for the determination of residues of 12 neonicotinoid insecticides（imidacloprid,acetamiprid,thiamethoprid,thiamethoxam,thiamethoxam, clothianidin,dinotefuran,nitenpyram,imidaclothiz,IPP,cycloxaprid,sulfoxaflor,flufuranone） in fruits and vegetables. Collect fruit and vegetable samples within Heilongjiang Province for testing,analyze data,and give constructive measures and suggestionsaccording to the monitoring risk tips. Methods The samples were extracted with acetonitrile,purified by dispersive solid phase extraction using quick,easy,cheap,effective,rugged,safty（QuEChERS） pretreatment technique,determined by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry,detected by electrospray ionization（ESI⁺） multiple reaction monitoring（MRM） mode,quantified by external standard method and the results were analyzed,achieving simultaneous determination of residues of 12 neonicotinoid insecticides in fruits and vegetables. Results The linear ranges of 12 neonicotinoid insecticides were 5-200 ng/mL,with all the correlation coefficients >0.999. The limits of detection was 0.001 mg/kg,and the limits of quantification was 0.005 mg/kg. Atspiked levels of 5,50 and 200 ng/mL,the average recoveries of the method ranged from 89.8% to 113.9%,with a relative standard deviation of 0.4% to 3.4%. Totally 107 samples were detected from 341 samples,with a detection rate of 31.4%. Conclusion The method is simple,rapid,accurate and sensitive. It can be used in batch measurement and has a good practical application prospect.

Determination of trimethylamine N-oxide in human plasma by ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry

ZHANG Qiuping, YAO Xueman, WU Chunxia, WANG Chunmin

2024, 40(16):  2197-2200. 

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Objective To establish an ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry（UPLC-MS/MS） method for determining the content of trimethylamine N-oxidein in human blood. Methods Add an appropriate amount of internal standard to human plasma samples as required,extract and rapidly precipitate proteins using methanol,centrifuge at high speed,take the supernatant and centrifuge at high speed again before measuring on the machine.The hydrophilic BEH HILIC（100 mm×2.1 mm,1.7 μm） column was selected for gradient elution with 10 mmol/L ammonium acetate acetonitrile mobile phase,UPLC-MS/MS was used for determination,electrospray ionization and multiple reaction monitoring mode were selected,the quantitative ion pair（m/z） was 76.10/58.10,and the internal standard method was used for quantification. Result The linear relationship between the content of trimethylamine N-oxide in methanol solution within the range of 4-500 μg/L（converted to plasma concentration of 0.266-33.28 μmol/L） was good,the linear regression equation was y=0.077 44x+0.005 89,with a correlation coefficient of 0.999 8.At 2.663,6.656,13.314 μmol/L of the three additive level,the recovery rate of the sample was 89.5%-93.6%.The relative standard deviation（RSD） was 3.10%-5.25%,and the detection limits was 0.026 6 μmol/L. Conclusion The established method has simple and fast preprocessing,high accuracy and precision,wide linear range,and is suitable for the detection of trimethylamine N-oxidein in human plasma.

Simultaneous determination of 11 β₂-receptor agonists and 4 β-receptor blockers in meat product based ulra-high performanee liquid chromatography tandem triplequadrupole mass speclrometry

BAI Yinghao, LUAN Jie

2024, 40(16):  2201-2205. 

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Objective To establish a novel, rapid, and accurate ulra-high performanee liquid chromatography tandem triplequadrupole mass speclrometry（LC-MS/MS） detection method for the simultaneous detection of 11 β₂-receptor agonists（tobuterol, marbuterol, fenoterol, zilpaterol, pentbuterol, brobuterol, bambuterol, salbutamol, ractopamine, terbutaline, clenbuterol） and 4 β-recepltor blockers（propranolol, natolol, carazololum, atenolol） in meat products. Methods The meal products were extracted by 5% trichloroacetic acid（TCA）, purilied on a Waters Oasis MCX column, and the mobile phases were 0. 1% formic acid water +10 mmol/L ammonium acetate. The sample were separated by C₁₈ column by gradient elution method, and quantitated by muliplereaction detection mode. Results The linear relationship of 11 β₂-receptor agonists and 4 β-receptor blockers showed good stability at 0. 5-20 mg/L, with a correlation coefficient r>0. 999 0. The spiked recovery rate of the method was 58. 5%-113. 2%, and the relative standard deviation was 0. 3%-4. 9%. Conclusion The established method is highly accurate, sensitive and suitable for the detection of 11 β₂-receptor agonists and 4 β-receptor blockers in meat products.

Establishment of common toxigenic moulds in food identification database by matrix⁃assisted laser desorption ionization time⁃of⁃flight mass spectrometry

WANG Yun，GAO Jiacong，YUE Mingxiang

2024, 40(16):  2206-2210. 

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Objective To establish common toxigenic moulds in food identification database including 9 genus,15 species,and 15 strains in sum by a matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry（MALDI-TOF MS）,aiming to provide supplementary means for the identification of toxigenic moulds in the standard GB 4789.16-2016 "Microbiological identification of common toxigenic molds in food " and improves the efficiency and accuracy. Simultaneously explore the effects of different culture conditions（media,time） and pretreatment methods on the MALDI-TOF MS identification results of 15 common toxigenic moulds. Methods From March 2022 to August 2023,15 strains of toxigenic mouldswere cultured in sabouraud liquid media at 28 ℃ for 24 hours were assigned for database construction,and their protein spectrum were used to establish their database. Compare the effects of different solid culture media,culture time,and pretreatment methods on the identification results through the established database. Results Taking penicillium purpureum as an example,the identification scores of different solid culture media,including sabouraud dextrose agar（SDA）,chalet agar media（CA）,potato dextrose agar（PDA） and Bengal red medium（RBC） were identification errors,1.555±0.007,1.875±0.022,and 2.138±0.048,respectively. There was a statistically significant difference in identification scores between different solid culture media（F=88.436,P<0.05）. The identification scores of three different pretreatment methods,namely direct application method,formic acid extraction method,and formic acid acetonitrile extraction method were 1.813±0.008,2.159±0.094,and 2.138±0.048 respectively. The differences in identification scores between different pretreatment methods were statistically significant（F=25.852,P<0.05）. The identification scores for different cultivation times from 3 to 7 days were 2.315±0.037,2.224±0.016,2.138±0.048,2.171±0.016 and 2.166±0.010,respectively. There was a statistically significant difference in identification scores for different cultivation times（F=22.893,P<0.05）. For the remaining 14 common toxigenic moulds,there were statistically significant differences in MALDI-TOF MS identification scores among different solid culture media,culture time,and pretreatment methods（all P<0.05）. Conclusion Due to the inability to use PDA as the solid culture medium for the identification of Streptomyces and Fusarium oxysporum,a self built database of common toxigenic moulds was ultimately used as the identification platform. Potato glucose agar was cultured at 28 ℃ for 4-5 days,and protein was extracted using formic acid acetonitrile method for mass spectrometry identification. A high confidence score of ≥1.80 was used as the evaluation criterion,which effectively identified 86.7% of the toxigenic moulds in 15 strains.

Spatial correlation analysis and influencing factors of toxic mushroom poisoning in Hunan Province from 2016 to 2022

TAN Shiqi, CHEN Yugui, LUO Hongmei, LIANG Jinjun, LI Hao

2024, 40(16):  2211-2215. 

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Objective To understand the occurrence pattern and epidemiological characteristics of poisonous mushroom poisoning in Hunan Province from 2016 to 2022,and explore its spatial distribution characteristics,so as to provide scientific basis for preventing mushroom poisoning incidents in Hunan Province. Methods Data of mushroom poisoning incidents in all counties of Hunan Province from 2016 to 2022 were collected. SPSS 19.0 was used for correlation analysis and ArcGIS 10.2 was used for global spatial autocorrelation analysis and local spatial autocorrelation analysis. Results There was a spatial clustering of mushroom poisoning cases in Hunan Province from 2016 to 2022（Moran's I=0.231 522,P<0.05）. The results of local spatial autocorrelation showed that the hot spots of poisoning mainly concentrated in central and southern Hunan,and the cold spots mainly concentrated in northern Hunan. From 2016 to 2022,a total of 1 685 cases of mushroom poisoning have been reported,with a cumulative number of cases of 5 464 people and 79 deaths. The period from May to October was not only the high incidence period of toxic mushroom poisoning incidents in Hunan Province,accounting for 92.23% of the number of toxic mushroom poisoning incidents,but also the peak of the number of cases,accounting for 91.23% of the number of toxic mushroom poisoning cases. Conclusion The poisonous mushroom poisoning incidents in Hunan Province from 2016 to 2022 have spatial clustering,and there are key occurrence areas. Temperature and precipitation affect the growth of poisonous mushrooms to a certain extent,and there is a positive correlation with poisonous mushroom poisoning. Meteorological early warning prevention and control should be carried out in specific regions during the high incidence of poisoning,and publicity and warning education should be strengthened to reduce the occurrence of poisoning incidents.

Analysis on foodborne disease surveillance in Longgang District of Shenzhen City from 2017 to 2021

WU Jie, YANG Hui, ZOU Huiying, JIN Yujuan, ZHANG Xingshan

2024, 40(16):  2215-2218. 

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Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics and changing trends of foodborne diseases in Longgang District of Shenzhen City,and to provide basis for the prevention and control of foodborne diseases. Methods The data of foodborne diseases monitored by Longgang District People's Hospital in Shenzhen from 2017 to 2021 were collected and analyzed by Excel 2010 and SPSS 26.0 software. Results From 2017 to 2021,a total of 2 168 cases of foodborne diseases were reported in the sentinel sites of Longgang District People's Hospital in Shenzhen,and the positive detection rate of specimens in 2017 was the highest（23.50%）. The ratio of male to female was 1.13∶1,with a higher number of males being positive than females. The age group of ≥21 years old had the highest number of people,accounting for 85.29%,and the detection rate of samples aged 0-<6 years old was the highest（30.93%）. The occupations with a large number were students and cadres,and the positive rate of scattered children was 32.53%. The most cases were reported in the third quarter,accounting for 32.38%,and the peak was mainly concentrated in August every year. The suspected food exposure was mainly meat and meat products,with 885 reported cases. The positive rate of street food stores was relatively high,accounting for 25.60%. 1 866 fecal or anal swabs were collected,and Salmonella was the dominant bacteria,accounting for 67.42%. Conclusion Foodborne diseases are an important public health problem,and it is necessary to strengthen active surveillance and personnel training of foodborne diseases in sentinel hospitals. Effective control measures should be proposed to effectively prevent the occurrence of foodborne diseases.

Trend of death from diabetes related diseases among residents in Hedong District of Tianjin from 2005 to 2021

LYU Lina, LIU Jie, SHI Xuxin

2024, 40(16):  2219-2223. 

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Objective To understand the death changes of diabetes related diseases among residents in Hedong District of Tianjin,analyze its development trend,and provide scientific basis for taking effective prevention and control policies. Methods The death information data of diabetes related diseases from 2005 to 2021 were obtained from the"China Disease Control and Prevention Information System". SPSS 22.0 software was used to statistically analyze the crude mortality rate,standardized mortality rate and other indicators,and χ² test was used to compare the rates. Joinpoint 4.8.0.1 software was used to calculate the annual percentage change（APC） of related indicators. Results From 2005 to 2021,the crude death rate of diabetes related diseases among residents in Hedong District of Tianjin increased from 32.21/100 000 to 130.00/100 000（APC=10.89%,t=9.14,P<0.01）. The standardized mortality rate increased from 22.25/100 000 to 53.94/100 000（APC=7.60%,t=6.29,P<0.01）. The crude mortality rate and standardized mortality rate of diabetes-related diseases in male and female showed an increasing trend（P<0.01）. The crude mortality rate of diabetes-related diseases in ≥45 age groups showed an increasing trend,with statistically significant differences（APC=8.59%,9.96%,4.60%,9.31%,t=5.79,6.65,3.51,6.89,all P<0.01）. The top three causes of death of diabetes related diseases were diabetes mellitus,cardiac cerebrovascular disease and tumor. Among the death cases with diabetes mellitus,61.39%were accompanied by complications and 38.61% were not accompanied by complications. The life expectancy of residents increased from 79.39 years in 2005 to 82.85 years in 2021（APC=0.18,P<0.01）,the life expectancy without diabetes increased from 79.90 years in 2005 to 83.40 years in 2021（APC=0.18,P<0.01）,the life expectancy without diabetes related diseases increased from 79.90 years in 2005 to 84.68 years in 2021（APC=0.31,P<0.01）. Conclusion From 2005 to 2021,the crude mortality rate and standardized mortality rate of diabetes-related diseases and diabetes among residents in Hedong District of Tianjin increased year by year. >45 year old diabetic patients with cardiac cerebrovascular disease should be the focus of attention and intervention.

Chain mediating role of psychological empowerment and adversity quotient in job crafting and professional identity of online nurses

WANG Ni, XU Jufang, NIE Yuqi

2024, 40(16):  2224-2229. 

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Objective To explore the mechanism of psychological empowerment and adversity quotient between job crafting and professional identity of online nurses,and to provide reference for the intervention of professional identity of online nurses. Methods From March to July 2023,687 online nurses from 8 tertiary hospitals in Urumqi were selected by convenient sampling as the survey subjects,and the basic information survey,online nurses' professional identity scale,nurses' adversity quotient self-evaluation scale,psychological authorization scale,and job crafting scale were used for the survey.AMOS 26.0 software was used to analyze the chain mediated role of psychological empowerment and adversity quotient in job crafting and professional identity. Results The scores of professional identity of online appointment nurses were （96.55±15.36）points,the scores of job crafting were （82.31±12.95）points,the scores of adversity quotient were（112.44±22.47）points,and the scores of psychological empowerment were （45.77±8.34）points. Correlation analysis showed that professional identity of online nurses was positively correlated with job crafting and psychological empowerment（r=0.613,0.622,both P<0.01）,and negatively correlated with adversity quotient scores （r=-0.487,P<0.01）.The mediation effect analysis showed that psychological empowerment played a partial mediating role between job crafting and professional identity,with a mediation effect of 0.304,accounting for 40.48% of the total effect. Adversity quotient played a partial mediating role between job crafting and professional identity,with a mediating effect of 0.022,accounting for 2.93% of the total effect. Psychological empowerment and adversity quotient played a chain mediating role between job crafting and professional identity,with a mediating effect of 0.041,accounting for 5.46% of the total effect. Conclusion The professional identity of online nurses is at a medium level,and job crafting can indirectly affect professional identity through the chain mediating role of psychological empowerment and adversity quotient. It is suggested that managers should pay attention to improving the job crafting level of online nurses,enhance the level of psychological empowerment and adversity quotient,and improve the professional identity of online nurses.

Analysis on status quo,influencing factors and correlation with personality characteristics of nurses' work engagement

XIE Min, NING Xuemei, WANG Hui

2024, 40(16):  2229-2234. 

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Objective To understand the current situation and influencing factors of nurses' work engagement,analyze the correlation between nurses' work engagement and personality characteristics,and provide references for nursing management. Methods From October to December 2021,335 nurses in the First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College were investigated by using the Chinese version of Utrecht work engagement scale and the Chinese version of big five personality scale.And the data were analyzed. Results The total score of 335 nurses' work engagement was （61.33±17.27）points,which was at the medium level.The scores of each dimension of nurses' big five personality characteristics from low to high were neuroticism,openness,extroversion,agreeableness and rigor.There were statistically significant differences of work engagement among nurses with different gender,working years,education background,professional title,employment type,monthly income,and departments（all P<0.05）.The total score of nurses' work engagement was significantly positively correlated with the extraversion,openness,agreeableness,and preciseness of the big five personality（r=0.557,0.414,0.228,0.502,all P<0.01）,and significantly negatively correlated with the neuroticism dimension of the big five personality（r=-0.483,P<0.01）.After controlling for demographic variables,the big five personality characteristics could independently explain 31.9%,39.1%,24.6% and 35.9% of the variation in each dimension and total score of nurses' work engagement. Conclusion Nursing managers can take targeted measures according to the influencing factors of nurses' work engagement and the predictive role of big five personality characteristics to improve the level of nurses' work engagement.

Correlation study on mindfulness,occupational resilience and functional somatic symptoms of nurses in emergency department of grade-A tertiary hospitals

ZUO Xingyu, ZHANG Lingling

2024, 40(16):  2235-2240. 

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Objective To investigate the status of mindfulness level,occupational resilience and functional somatic symptoms of emergency department nurses in grade-A tertiary hospitals,and to analyze the main influencing factors of functional somatic symptoms of emergency department nurses. Methods From August to December 2022,a total of 317 emergency department nurses from 5 grade-A tertiary hospitals in Mianyang were selected by convenience sampling method as the survey subjects. The mindfulness level scale,occupational resilience scale and functional somatic symptom scale were used for data collection. Descriptive analysis,correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis were used to analyze the main factors affecting functional somatic symptoms. Results The score of mindfulness level of 317 emergency department nurses was （67.95±10.14）points,the score of occupational resilience was （33.62±6.17）points,and the score of functional somatic symptoms was （24.83±12.02）points.Univariate analysis showed that there were significant differences in the total scores of functional somatic symptoms among emergency department nurses with different gender,age,marital status,length of service in emergency department,night shift rotation,weekly overtime hours,exercise intensity,work pressure intensity,mental stress and sleep quality（all P<0.05）. Pearson correlation analysis showed that the level of mindfulness of emergency department nurses was negatively correlated with functional somatic symptoms（r<0,P<0.05） and positively correlated with occupational resilience（r>0,P<0.05）. Occupational resilience was negatively correlated with functional somatic symptoms（r<0,P<0.05）. Multivariate regression analysis showed that age,length of service in the emergency department,night shift rotation,weekly overtime hours,sleep quality,mindfulness level and occupational resilience were the main influencing factors of functional somatic symptoms（all P<0.05）. Conclusion Nurses in emergency departments of grade-A tertiary hospitals in Mianyang City have more obvious functional somatic symptoms,and mindfulness level and career resilience are independent influencing factors. Nursing managers should take targeted interventions in multiple dimensions to improve nurses' functional somatic symptoms and reduce the occurrence of sub-health.

Analysis on occupational health literacy related to pneumoconiosis among medical staff in occupational health institutions in Nanning City

WANG Yunyun, LI Xiaoyuan, LU Jingmei, LI Jue, QIN Nianxu, HUNAG Ju

2024, 40(16):  2241-2245. 

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Objective To understand the level of occupational health literacy related to pneumoconiosis among medical staff in occupational health institutions in Nanning City,and to provide a basis for government departments to formulate health promotion policies. Methods In 2023,a combined method of stratified cluster sampling was used to select 364 medical personnel from occupational health institutions in Nanning City. The data of occupational health literacy related to pneumoconiosis were collected by one-to-one face-to-face interview,focus group discussion and online electronic questionnaire surveys and other methods,and the data were analyzed. Results The occupational health literacy related to pneumoconiosis among medical staff in occupational health institutions in Nanning City was 76.92%. The levels of occupational health literacy across four dimensions：legal knowledge of occupational health,basic knowledge about pneumoconiosis,basic skills of occupational health protection related to pneumoconiosis,and health work methods and behaviors related to pneumoconiosis were 82.97%,87.91%,81.04%,and 95.05%,respectively. The current place of residence and length of service engaged in pneumoconiosis work were both factors affecting the level of occupational health literacy related to pneumoconiosis（both P<0.05）. Compared to medical personnel currently residing in rural areas,the level of occupational health literacy related to pneumoconiosis among medical personnel in urban areas had increased to 3.51 times（OR=3.51）. Compared to medical personnel who had not worked on pneumoconiosis,the occupational health literacy levels related to pneumoconiosis among medical personnel with less than 5 years of service and those with more than 5 years of service had increased to 1.91 and 5.46 times respectively（OR=1.91 and 5.46）. Conclusion The occupational health literacy concerning pneumoconiosis among medical staff in occupational health institutions in Nanning City was higher than the national level for key populations in 2022. However,occupational health protection skills were still relatively weak,and there was an imbalance between urban and rural areas. In the future,medical staff and new recruits in rural areas should be listed as the key training targets,with a focus on strengthening basic skills training for occupational health protection,continuously improving the occupational health literacy of medical personnel related to pneumoconiosis,thereby enhancing the management level of occupational health institutions for pneumoconiosis patients,and ultimately improving the overall effectiveness of prevention,treatment,and management of pneumoconiosis patients in Nanning City.

Epidemiological characteristics analysis of varicella in Changzhou City from 2018 to 2022

JIANG Yushan, HAN Changlei, WU Dan, ZHANG You, LYU Xufeng

2024, 40(16):  2246-2250. 

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Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of varicella in Changzhou City,aiming to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of varicella. Methods Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the varicella cases in Changzhou City from 2018 to 2022. Results From 2018 to 2022,a total of 35 402 varicella cases were reported in Changzhou City,with an average annual incidence of 141.96/10⁵.The incidence showed a downward trend from 2020. There was significant difference in the incidence among the five years（χ²=8 774.11,P<0.05）. The incidence of varicella in 2022（63.58/10⁵） was significantly lower than that in 2020（124.81/10⁵）.The incidence of varicella had an obvious seasonal pattern. There were two peak periods,which were May-July and November-January of the next year. The top three annual reported incidence rates were Xinbei,Tianning,and Zhonglou District. The sex ratio of varicella was 1.13∶1,the reported incidence was slightly higher in males than in females. The highest number and incidence occurred in the age of 5-<10 years old,who were mainly students,preschool children,and scattered children. A total of 179 varicella public health emergencies were reported,and the number of reports had decreased year by year since 2020. After the implementation of the immunization strategy,the proportion of the second dose increased year by year. The vaccination rate of the first dose and the second dose in the 1-year-old and 4-year-old group increased year by year. Conclusions The decrease of varicella incidence is mainly related to the increase of vaccination rate.The immunization strategy of varicella vaccine in Changzhou City has achieved initial success. Considering that the Changzhou plan is the same as the provincial technical plan,the next step will be to accelerate the implementation of the provincial immunization strategy and maintain high-level vaccination with two doses.

Analysis on current situation and influencing factors of construction workers' health literacy： Based on logistic regression and fsQCA model

JIANG Menghan, DONG Bo, WEI Ziqing, YANG Yanhui, ZHU Jie, LIN Cuixia

2024, 40(16):  2251-2254. 

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Objective To analyze the status quo of health literacy of construction workers and its influencing factors,provide reference for carrying out health education and formulating related health policies. Methods From April to December 2022,the construction workers from 6 districts and counties in Jinan City were selected as research objects by multi-stage stratified random sampling. The data were collected by self-designed questionnaire,and the influencing factors of health literacy were analyzed by binary logistic regression model and fsQCA model. Results The health literacy level of 2 332 construction workers in Jinan City was low,and only 16.9% of respondents had health literacy. The logistic regression showed that labor relations,education level and wage level were the influencing factors of health literacy among construction workers（all P<0.05）. The fsQCA model that showed improving health literacy cannot rely solely on a single factor,but rather on the combined effects of various factors,among which education level,salary level,and working hours played a core role in the path of improving health literacy. Conclusions The health literacy level of construction workers in Jinan City should be further improved,and formal labor relations,health education and reasonable working hours should be provided for construction workers.At the same time,logistic regression and fsQCA model can be used together to fully and profoundly understand the relationship between influencing factors and health literacy,which provides a new way to analyze the influencing factors of health literacy.

Epidemic characteristics of hand-foot-and-mouth disease and its relationship with meteorological factors in Urumqi from 2016 to 2021

MA Qianqian, YANG Haofeng, SU Deqi, WANG Wenyi, MA Long

2024, 40(16):  2255-2259. 

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Objective To analyze the epidemiological and etiological characteristics of hand-foot-and-mouth disease（HFMD） in Urumqi from 2016 to 2021,discuss the correlation between meteorological factors and the daily incidence of HFMD,so as to screen out the main meteorological factors affecting the incidence of HFMD,providing data support for prevention work. Method Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the epidemic characteristics of HFMD in Urumqi City from 2016 to 2021. Spearman rank correlation analysis and principal component regression analysis were used to analyze the correlation between meteorological factors and the incidence of HFMD,and to screen out the main meteorological factors that affect the number of cases of HFMD. Results From 2016 to 2021,a total of 11 020 cases were reported in Urumqi,with an average annual incidence of 50.74/100 000. The incidence of HFMD showed a bimodal distribution,mainly from May to August,accompanied by the second peak from October to November. The incidence rate of male（59.14/100 000） was higher than that of female（42.09/100 000）,and the ratio of male to female was about 1.47∶1. The incidence was mainly in the 1-4 year old group. The occupation distribution was mainly scattered children（47.51%） and kindergarten children（41.71%）. The area with the most reported cases was high-tech zone（new urban area）,accounting for about 24.44%. There were 2 502 cases diagnosed in HFMD laboratory,including 1 679 cases（67.11%） of other enteroviruses,537 cases（21.46%） of coxsackievirus A16（COX-A16） and 286 cases（11.43%） of enteroviruses belonging to group A（EV71）.The daily incidence of HFMD was positively correlated with the average temperature,minimum temperature,average relative humidity,daily average wind speed,sunshine hours and diurnal temperature difference（all P<0.01）,and negatively correlated with the average air pressure,maximum air pressure,minimum air pressure and minimum humidity（all P<0.01）,among which the daily average wind speed and average air pressure were the main factors affecting the incidence of HFMD. Conclusion The incidence of HFMD in Urumqi from 2016 to 2021 was at the peak in summer and autumn,and the males aged 1-4 were mainly scattered and kindergarten children. The high-risk incidence area was located in high-tech zone （new urban area）,which indicated that it is necessary to strictly implement various prevention and control measures for key populations in the high-risk season.Meteorological conditions with high wind speed and low pressure are the risk factors of HFMD,so meteorological factors should be fully considered when formulating epidemic prevention policies for HFMD.

Effects of air pollution on lung function of primary school students in Urumqi City

XIA Rongxiang, Adili Simayi, LIN Qin, PAN Kai, LI Jie, ZHANG Ling

2024, 40(16):  2260-2265. 

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Objective To understand the differences in lung function among primary school students in different air pollution areas of Urumqi City. Methods The air pollution data from Tianshan District and Midong District of Urumqi City in 2021 were collected,including the daily average concentrations of SO₂,NO₂,CO,ozone daily maximum of running 8 hour（O_{3-8 h}）,inhalable particulate matter（PM₁₀） and fine particulate matter（PM_2.5）,to analyze the air pollution situation in Tianshan District and Midong District. Using cluster random sampling method,300 students from grades 3-5 in primary school（A and B） in Midong District and Tianshan District of Urumqi City were selected respectively（150 students in each school）,to collect the information on gender,age,height and body mass,and lung function testing was performed,and the main detection indicators included forced vital capacity（FVC）,forced expiratory volume in one second（FEV1.0）,peak expiratory flow（PEF）,forced expiratory flow at 75% vital （PEF75%） and forced expiratory flow at 75% vital（PEF25%）. Results The air pollutant monitoring data of 365 days in 2021 were collected. The daily average concentration of SO₂ in Tianshan District and Midong District was 2.0-16.0 and 2.0-37.0 μg/m³ respectively,the daily average concentration of PM_2.5 in Tianshan District and Midong District was 6.0-254.0 and 9.0-415.0 μg/m³ respectively,and the daily average concentration of PM₁₀ in Tianshan District and Midong District was 11.0-547.0 and 6.0-791.0 μg/m³ respectively. The statistical analysis showed that the daily average concentrations of CO,O_{3-8 h} and PM_2.5 in Midong District were higher than those in Tianshan District,and the differences were statistically significant（all P<0.05）. The daily average concentrations of SO₂ and NO₂ in Tianshan District were higher than those in Midong District,and the differences were statistically significant（all P<0.05）. There were no statistically significant differences in the daily average concentrations of PM₁₀ between Tianshan District and Midong District（all P>0.05）. It was found that the concentration of air pollutants varies seasonally,with higher concentrations of SO₂,NO₂,CO,PM₁₀ and PM_2.5 in winter and spring,and lower concentrations of O_{3-8 h} in summer and autumn. A total of 300 primary school students were surveyed. The body mass index（BMI） among students in school A and school B was 12.43-27.77 and 13.39-33.12 kg/m² respectively. There were no statistically significant differences in height,weight and BMI index of primary school students between school A and school B（all P>0.05）. The FVC of primary school students in school A and school B was 0.14-2.29 and 0.79-2.27 L respectively. The FEV1.0 of primary school students in school A and school B was 0.14-2.22 and 0.79-2.18 L respectively. The FVC,FEV1.0,PEF,PEF75% and PEF25% of primary school students in Midong District were lower than those in Tianshan District,and the differences were statistically significant（all P<0.01）. Conclusions Both regions of Tianshan District and Midong District in Urumqi City have varying degrees of pollution,with NO₂,PM₁₀ and PM_2.5 exceeding the second level standard of the ambient air standard（GB 3095-2012）. The air pollution in the main urban area of Urumqi City has a certain impact on children's lung function. It is necessary to further strengthen the control of air pollution,strengthen the respiratory health prote ction of primary school students in winter,and protect the healthy growth of primary school students.

Correlation analysis between employment pressure and career decision-making self-efficacy of nursing undergraduate students

WANG Xiang, LI Haitao

2024, 40(16):  2265-2270. 

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Objective To investigate the current situation of employment pressure and career decision-making self-efficacy among fourth year nursing students at Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,explore its influencing factors and analyze the correlation. Methods From February to April 2023,a convenience sampling method was used to select 501 undergraduate fourth year nursing students from Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine as the survey subjects. A general information questionnaire,employment pressure scale and career decision-making self-efficacy scale were used to investigate them,and the data were analyzed. Results The employment pressure score of undergraduate fourth year nursing students at Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine was （160.10±49.64）points,and the career decision-making self-efficacy score was （73.85±24.18） points. Age,personality,participation in employment guidance,family percapita monthly income,reasons for choosing nursing major,career decision-making were factors that affected the employment pressure of fourth year undergraduate nursing students （adjusted R²=0.171,all P<0.05）. Age,personality,and whether they have served as student cadres were factors that affected the self-efficacy of career decision-making among fourth year undergraduate nursing students（adjusted R²=0.075,all P<0.05）. There was a negative correlation between the employment pressure and career decision-making self-efficacy of undergraduate nursing students（P<0.05）. Conclusion Fourth year undergraduate nursing students at Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine face greater employment pressure and lower self-efficacy in career decision-making. Educators can develop targeted intervention measures based on corresponding influencing factors,provide employment guidance,and promote their successful entry into the workplace.

Cluster analysis of personality characteristics of nursing undergraduates and relation to academic achievement in Liaoning Province

ZHANG Lijuan, WANG Yanjie, SUN Di, SONG Yanli, LI Wei, LIU Lei

2024, 40(16):  2271-2275. 

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Objective To explore the personality characteristics of nursing undergraduates and relation to academic achievement in Liaoning Province by cluster analysis,and provide reference for promoting the development of students' personality and improving the level of academic achievement. Methods From January to April 2023,a total of 517 nursing undergraduates were selected by cluster sampling from a medical college in Liaoning Province as the research subjects. They were assessed by general information survey,Chinese big five personality inventory brief version（CBF-PI-B） and academic achievement scale of college students（AASCS）. Cluster analysis,chi square test,analysis of variance,and multiple linear regression analysis were used to explore the relationship between personality type and academic achievement of nursing undergraduates. Results Among nursing undergraduates in Liaoning Province,there were three personality types including psychological resilience（114 cases,accounting for 22.05%）,uncontrolled（192 cases,accounting for 37.14%） and over-controlled（211 cases,accounting for 40.81%）,and the differences in CBF-PI-B scores of each subscale were statistically significant（all P<0.05）. Students with psychological resilience had the highest score of academic achievement[（78.05±7.91）points],and followed by those with over-controlled[（68.80±6.53）points] and uncontrolled[（61.08±8.23）points]. Conclusion The personality types of nursing undergraduates in Liaoning Province are psychological resilient,uncontrolled,and over-controlled. The personality types can predict the levels of academic achievement. Therefore,it should pay more attention to the cultivation and improvement of personality in order to improve the level of academic achievement.

Meta-analysis of job burnout of industrial workers in China

LI Changqing

2024, 40(16):  2276-2281. 

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Objective To integrate the differences in the detection rate and scope of job burnout among industrial workers in China,and analyze the adjustment factors. Methods The search period was from January 1,2009 to December 31,2022. Meta analysis was conducted on 47 studies on job burnout among industrial workers,including heterogeneity test,main effect test,moderation effect analysis,meta regression analysis,and publication bias test. Results The total detection rate of job burnout was 82.0%,and the detection rates of zero burnout,mild burnout,moderate burnout and severe burnout were 14.0%,42.0%,34.0% and 6.0%,respectively. The effect values of depersonalization,emotional exhaustion and low sense of achievement were 1.42,0.68 and 0.56,respectively. The job burnout of industrial workers was regulated by age,marital status,educational background,scale and publication year（all P<0.05）,but not by gender,shift or not,industry,orpublication（all P>0.05）. Conclusion The detection rate of job burnout among industrial workers in China is relatively high,with mild to moderate burnout being the main type and severe depersonalization. In the future,the job burnout scale for industrial workers should be further improved. Factors such as age,marital status,education level,and region should be considered when alleviating occupational burnout.

Investigation and Research

Investigation on surveillance of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in Xicheng District of Beijing

MENG Lingyu, CHU Yanhui, QIAO Fuyu, WEI Xiaokan

2024, 40(16):  2282-2285. 

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Objective To understand the incidence,epidemiological and clinical characteristics of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease surveillance cases in Xicheng District of Beijing from 2018 to 2022. Methods According to the National Creutzfeldt-Jakob Case Surveillance Program,the clinical information,epidemiology,laboratory test results and follow-up data of suspected Creutzfeldt-Jakob cases reported by medical institutions in Xicheng District of Beijing from 2018 to 2022 were investigated and analyzed. Results A total of 245 patients were reported to be monitored through the infectious disease surveillance and early warning information system in Xicheng District of Beijing from 2018 to 2022. Among them,145 patients finally met the diagnostic criteria for Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease,including 99 clinically diagnosed cases of sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease（sCJD）,26 suspected cases of sCJD diagnosis,15 confirmed cases of hereditary Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease（gCJD）,and 5 fatal familial insomnia（FFI）. The monitoring cases were not reported to have time cluster,dispersed in permanent residence and wide occupation distribution. The primary symptom of the case was rapid progressive dementia. Conclusion The cases detected in Xicheng District of Beijing from 2018 to 2022 showed no temporal and spatial aggregation,and were mainly sporadic. The reporting time,occupation distribution and long-term residence of the cases were consistent with the incidence characteristics of sporadic Creutzin-Jakob disease. Surveillance of epidemiological characteristics in the last five years was roughly the same as that from 2014 to 2017,with regular follow-up and health education helping to reduce the risk of secondary infection.

On site investigation of occupational hazards during the production process of membrane oxygenators in a medical company in Xi'an

WANG Qi, LI Meiqin, TANG Zhuangna, XIE Feng, LIU Yajie

2024, 40(16):  2286-2289. 

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Objective To understand occupational hazards generated during the production of membrane oxygenators by a medical supplies company in Xi'an,clarify the key points for controlling occupational hazards in the production process of the industry,and propose corresponding supplementary measures and suggestions. Methods According to relevant regulations,standards,and specifications,a comprehensive analysis was conducted on the production process of membrane oxygenators by a medical supplies company in Xi'an in April to May 2022 using methods such as workplace on-site investigation methods,workplace occupational health testing methods,and engineering analysis methods. Results The occupational hazard factors generated during the production process of a membrane oxygenator in a medical supplies company in Xi'an were diphenylmethane diisocyanate,dichloroethane,ethylene oxide,ultraviolet radiation,noise,etc. During the normal production process,mixing,wiping,and sterilization operators come into contact with diphenylmethane diisocyanate（<0.000 09 mg/m³）,dichloroethane（<0.3 mg/m³）,and ethylene oxide（<1.0 mg/m³）. The equivalent sound level of workers exposed to noise for 8 hours was less than 80 dB（A）,and they belonged to non-noise work positions. Conclusion The concentration/intensity of the hazardous factors generated during the production of membrane oxygenators by the a medical company in Xi'an City meet the limit requirements. The key control points are dichloroethane wiping and ethylene oxide sterilization positions,and the production enterprise should set up local ventilation facilities in the wiping process. Strengthen the maintenance and repair of equipment and protective measures to ensure normal operation of equipment and effective protective measures,in order to reduce the impact of harmful factors on the health of operators. Provide occupational health training for employees,conduct occupational health examinations on time,and improve relevant health records.

Analysis on detection results of pathogenic bacteria in market-sold food in Pudong New Area of Shanghai from 2020 to 2022

ZHANG Anran, ZHANG Ge, CHEN Jiafeng, WU Yongming, YE Chuchu, ZHU Weiping

2024, 40(16):  2290-2293. 

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Objective To understand the contamination status of pathogenic bacteria in market-sold food in Pudong New Area of Shanghai,and provide scientific basis for strengthening food safety supervision and formulating prevention and control strategies for food poisoning and foodborne diseases. Methods From 2020 to 2022,six major categories of commercially available food were collected monthly in Pudong New Area for testing of common pathogenic bacteria,and compare the detection and typing results of pathogenic bacteria in different types and times of food. Results Pathogenic bacteria were detected in 672 of 3 081 food samples,and the detection rate was 21.81%.A total of 5 pathogenic bacteria were detected,in which the detection rate of Vibrio parahaemolyticus was the highest（9.06%）,followed by Listeria monocytogenes（7.34%） and Salmonella（5.00%）,the detection rates of different types of pathogenic bacteria showed statistical significance（χ²=993.795,P<0.05）.The detection rate of pathogenic bacteria in poultry and livestock food（34.32%） was significantly higher than that in aquatic products（20.85%） and other types of food,no pathogenic bacteria were detected in dairy products,and there was a statistically significant difference in the detection rate of pathogenic bacteria among different types of food（χ²=240.230,P<0.05）.The detection rates of poultry and livestock food from 2020 to 2022 were 24.87%,19.54%,and 22.22%,respectively,and there was a statistically significant difference in the detection rates of pathogenic bacteria among different years（χ²=9.390,P<0.05）. Comparison of detection rates between different seasons showed statistically significant differences（χ²=12.983,P<0.05）,with the highest detection rate in summer（28.02%）. The top three serotypes of Salmonella were S. enterica,S. typhimurium and S. derby. Conclusion There is a high proportion of pathogenic bacteria contamination in commercial food in Pudong New Area of Shanghai. The supervision and management should be strengthened in order to take targeted measures to prevent and control the occurrence and prevalence of food poisoning and foodborne diseases.

Overview

Research progress on physical function assessment tools for elderly people in communities

YIN Tongtong, CHEN Jiayi, HUANG Lu, WANG Li, LI Tie

2024, 40(16):  2294-2298. 

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The health problems caused by aging are becoming increasingly prominent,and accurately assessing the physical function of the elderly is the prerequisite and foundation for developing targeted intervention measures. There are many assessment tools for physical function both domestically and internationally,but there are some inappropriate situations in the use of these tools. This article provides a review of community elderly physical function assessment tools developed both domestically and internationally,with a focus on exploring the differences in applicable populations,evaluation content,and evaluation methods among different assessment tools. The article analyzes their advantages,disadvantages,reliability,validity,and application status both domestically and internationally. The aim is to provide reference for the more rational use of physical function assessment tools for evaluating community elderly,and to offer guidance for the development or introduction of suitable tools in China.

Research progress on the effects of artificial sweeteners on human health

SUN Wei, LU Jingjing, LYU Meng, PAN Shenyi, CHEN Fanyu, JIANG Apei

2024, 40(16):  2299-2304. 

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Artificial sweeteners（ASs） is a class of artificially synthesized or semi synthetic organic compounds widely used in the production of food,condiments,beverages,health foods,and pharmaceuticals,which can be added in small amounts to give food or medicine a sweet taste. Due to its low price,high sweetness,high stability,good water solubility,and good palatability,ASs has been widely used as a food additive in food or pharmaceutical production and processing in recent years. So far,the safety of ASs has been highly controversial,closely related to food safety and the physical health of the people. Therefore,studying the impact of ASs on health is of great significance and value. This article provides a review of the current usage status of ASs,and the research progress of its impact on various organ systems and physiological metabolism on the human body. It mainly introduces the effects of ASs on the nervous system,endocrine system,gut microbiota,circulatory system,reproductive system,and immune system,as well as its reproductive toxicity,genetic toxicity and carcinogenic effects,aiming to enhance the comprehensive understanding and knowledge of ASs on the people and provide reference basis for the selection of daily food and drugs for residents.