Table of Content

01 September 2024, Volume 40 Issue 17

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Treatise

Influence of professional respect and psychological capital of neurology nurses on occupational burnout

XU Bing, ZHANG Kuifeng, LI Baihui, ZHOU Jie, SHI Dandan, WANG Xiaoli

2024, 40(17):  2305-2309. 

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Objective To explore the impact of professional respect and psychological capital on occupational burnout,and analyze the mediating role of psychological capital between professional respect and occupational burnout. Methods From February to April 2023,random sampling method was used to select neurology nurses from 7 tertiary hospitals in Qingdao as the survey subjects. A survey was conducted on the research subjects using scales such as professional respect,psychological capital and occupational burnout were used to investigate the research subjects,and pearson rank correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between professional respect,psychological capital and occupational burnout. Results A total of 178 neurology nurses were surveyed,and their scores for professional respect,psychological capital and occupational burnout were （93.86±15.46）,（90.28±16.84）,and （56.48±10.62）points,respectively. The differences in occupational respect scores among neurology nurses with different educational backgrounds,professional titles,monthly income,and marital status were statistically significant（all P<0.05）. The differences in psychological capital scores among neurology nurses of different ages,professional titles,and years of service were statistically significant（all P<0.05）. There were statistically significant differences in occupational burnout scores among neurology nurses of different ages,professional titles,length of service,monthly income,and marital status（all P<0.05）. The score of professional respect was positively correlated with the score of psychological capital（r_s=0.588,P<0.01）,and negatively correlated with the score of occupational burnout（r_s=-0.628,P<0.01）. There was a negative correlation between psychological capital score and occupational burnout score（r_s=-0.635,P<0.01）. The psychological capital of neurology nurses partially mediated the relationship between professional respect and occupational burnout,with a mediation effect of -0.251,accounting for 46.31% of the total effect. Conclusion The psychological capital of neurology nurses plays a partial mediating role between professional respect and job burnout. Improving the level of psychological capital on the basis of improving professional respect is conducive to reduce job burnout of neurology nurses.

Status quo of occupational hazards in a waste machinery dismantling enterprise in Huai'an City

WANG Haijun, ZHU Fangyan, GUO Yingjian, PANG Li

2024, 40(17):  2310-2313. 

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Objective To investigate the status quo of occupational hazards in a waste machinery dismantling enterprise in Huai'an Industrial Park,identify the commonalities and problems of occupational hazards in these enterprises,in order to assist rectification and provide reference for other enterprises. Methods Based on three years of field occupational health investigation,occupational hazard factor detection and occupational health surveillance in a waste machinery dismantling enterprise in Huai'an City from 2020 to 2022,comprehensive analysis and evaluation of the current status and existing problems of occupational hazards was conducted. Results The main occupational hazards of the waste machinery dismantling enterprise were dust and noise from dismantling and crushing positions. After three years of occupational hazard control,there were seven noise work positions in 2020,six in 2021,and five in 2022. According to the results of occupational health medical examinations in the past three years,two people were found to have occupational contraindication to noise in 2020,one people in 2021,and four people in 2022. The noise hazard control of the enterprise was ineffective,and there was a trend of increasing year by year in the degree of occupational hazards. Conclusions The key control points for occupational hazards of waste machinery dismantling enterprises are dust protection,and isolation and control of noisy work positions. The accurate identification and comprehensive detection of noise work positions are the foundation of noise control. Therefore,these could improve the noise working environment and promote occupational health of workers,such as continuous monitoring of occupational hazards,isolation of noise,and urging workers to wear personal protective equipment.

Study on relationship between adjustment focus,job burnout and innovation behavior of clinical nurses

LI Pin, GUO Yinni, LI Aiqun, CHEN Yuan, JIANG Yuanyuan, HE Caiyun

2024, 40(17):  2314-2318. 

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Objective To explore the effects of clinical nurses' adjustment focus and job burnout on their innovative behavior,and to improve the efficiency of nursing management. Methods From May to July 2023,a questionnaire survey was conducted among 360 nurses in 4 secondary and tertiary hospitals in Guangdong and Hunan Province,and investigated using the general information questionnaire,adjustment focus scale,job burnout scale and nurses' innovative behavior scale,and the data were analyzed. Results The score of adjustment focus in nurses was （47.99±6.45）points,the score of job burnout was （51.66±8.85）points,and the score of innovative behavior was （34.01±6.86）points. The adjustment focus of clinical nurses was negatively correlated with job burnout（r=-0.408,P<0.01） and positively correlated with innovative behavior（r=0.379,P<0.01）. Job burnout was negatively correlated with innovative behavior（r=-0.326,P<0.01）. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that post,hold patent,participating in academic conferences or research-related training,adjustment focus and job burnout were the influencing factors of nurses' innovative behavior,explaining 22.1% of the variation（all P<0.05）. Conclusion Nurses' innovative behavior is at the upper medium level and is closely related to adjustment focus and job burnout. Nursing managers should guide nurses' personal adjustment focus tendencies and improve job burnout,so as to improve the level of innovative behavior.

Mediating effect of emotional intelligence and feedback seeking behavior between psychological distress and job burnout of medical staff in emergency department

LIAN Mingyuan, WANG Ying

2024, 40(17):  2319-2325. 

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Objective To explore the mechanism of emotional intelligence and feedback seeking behavior between psychological distress and job burnout of medical staff in emergency department,provide the reference for the intervention of job burnout of medical staff in emergency department. Methods From June to July 2023,a cross-sectional study design was used to select 257 emergency medical workers from four grade-A tertiary hospitals in Mianyang City as the survey subjects. The general information questionnaire,emotional intelligence scale,feedback seeking behavior scale,psychological distress scale and job burnout scale were used for questionnaire survey,and the data were analyzed. Results The scores of emotional intelligence,feedback seeking behavior,psychological distress and job burnout of 257 emergency medical workers were （63.02±12.03）,（52.06±10.10）,（29.67±9.47） and （53.61±18.74）points,respectively. The job burnout was positively correlated with psychological distress（P<0.05）,and was negatively correlated with emotional intelligence and feedback seeking behavior（both P<0.05）. The emotional intelligence and feedback seeking behavior played a chain mediating role between psychological distress and job burnout of medical staff,and the mediating effect was 0.277,accounting for 46.63% of the total effect. Conclusions The level of job burnout of medical staff in emergency department of grade-A tertiary hospitals in Mianyang City is high,and psychological distress can directly or indirectly affect the job burnout of medical staff through emotional intelligence and feedback seeking behavior. The managers should focus on the psychological coping and adjustment ability of medical staff,and reduce psychological distress,which is beneficial for improving their job burnout.

Application of comprehensive risk assessment of occupational hazards in occupational hazard characteristic analysis in six plywood enterprises of Guangxi

FU Songwen, YANG Jing, WEI Liufang, MAI Lifeng, HUANG Ji, LU Andong

2024, 40(17):  2326-2330. 

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Objective Through the comprehensive risk assessment of occupational hazards in six plywood enterprises in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region,to understand the characteristics of occupational hazards,explore the advantages and disadvantages of the comprehensive risk assessment methods,so as to provide basis for the classified management of occupational health in enterprises. Methods From April to September 2023,six plywood enterprises in three cities with a high distribution of plywood enterprises in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region were selected as the research objects. The types and nature of occupational hazard factors,exposure level,number of contacts and occupational health management status of the enterprises were collected,and the comprehensive risk assessment method of occupational hazard was used for comprehensive assessment. Results Six plywood enterprises all had occupational hazard factors exceeding the standard,and the occupational hazard risk level was assessed as level Ⅲ. The over-standard rate was 9.75%（4/41） for wood dust（hard）,50.00%（11/22） for formaldehyde,50.00%（1/2） for benzene,27.77%（15/54） for noise,and 8.33%（1/12） for high temperature. Six plywood enterprises all had varying degrees of occupational health management deficiencies,of which five enterprises had qualified key items（one or more）,and occupational health management level was evaluated as level C. The results of the comprehensive risk assessment of occupational hazards showed that one enterprise is Class B in comprehensive risk category,and other five enterprises are Class C（high risk） in comprehensive risk category. Conclusions The six plywood enterprises have the characteristics of multiple types of occupational hazards,large number of contacts,long exposure time,and high exposure level. The occupational health monitoring of the six plywood enterprises have different degrees of management problems,and it is impossible to collect complete occupational health monitoring data to accurately verify the comprehensive risk assessment results. The comprehensive risk assessment method of occupational hazards has its own defects. If it is to be applied and promoted,the assessment method should be improved and corresponding supervision and management mechanism should be introduced to ensure the authenticity and reliability of data.

Multiple mediating effects of emotional labor and job burnout between personal work fit and mental health of hemodialysis nurses

ZHAO Su, YAO Yao, WANG Ting

2024, 40(17):  2331-2336. 

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Objective To explore the multiple mediating effects of emotional labor and job burnout between personal work fit and mental health of nurses in hemodialysis room. Methods A total of 154 front-line clinical nurses in hemodialysis rooms of 6 tertiary grade A hospitals in Sichuan Province were selected as the research objects by convenient sampling method from May to July 2023. The general situation scale,emotional labor scale,job burnout scale,personal work fit scale and mental health scale were used to investigate,and the data were analyzed. Results The emotional score of nurses in hemodialysis room was（51.33±8.84）points,job burnout score was（62.09±12.74）points,personal work fit score was（62.48±12.38）points,mental health score was（13.84±2.46）points. Univariate analysis showed that there were statistically significant differences in the individual work fit scores of hemodialysis room nurses with different ages,working years,professional titles and monthly night shifts（all P<0.05）. The mental health scores of hemodialysis room nurses with different ages,educational qualifications,working years,professional titles,marital status,monthly income and the number of night shifts per month were compared,and the differences were statistically significant（all P<0.05）. Mental health was negatively correlated with emotional labor and job burnout（r=-0.634,-0.611,both P<0.01）,and positively correlated with personal work fit（r=0.584,P<0.01）. Emotional labor was positively correlated with job burnout（r=0.548,P<0.01）,and personal work fit was negatively correlated with emotional labor and job burnout（r=-0.608,-0.526,both P<0.01）. The mediating effect of emotional labor between personal work fit and mental health was 0.259,accounting for 22.33% of the total effect. The mediating effect of job burnout between personal work fit and mental health was 0.293,accounting for 25.26% of the total effect. The chain mediating effect of emotional labor and job burnout between personal work fit and mental health was 0.116,accounting for 10.00% of the total effect. Conclusion The personal work fit of nurses in hemodialysis room can indirectly affect their mental health through the mediating effect of emotional labor and job burnout,and the chain mediating effect of emotional labor and job burnout,respectively.

Simultaneous determination of three cardiotonic alkaloids in Chinese herbal medicine and medicinal liquor using LC-MRM³ method

QIN Kunfei, HUANG Lizhen, HE Jianzhong

2024, 40(17):  2337-2345. 

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Objective To establish a liquid chromatography-multiple-reaction monitoring cubed（LC-MRM³） methods for the simul-taneous determination of three cardiotonic alkaloids in Chinese herbal medicine and medicinal liquor（Oleandrin,Adynerin and Higenamine）. Methods The samples were extracted with 80% methanol,diluted with 30% acetonitrile,and then directly injected. Gradient elution was performed on a Phenomenex Kinetex C₁₈ chromatographic column（100×2.1 mm,2.6 μm）,and after separation, detected using the LC-MRM³ mode. Results The three alkaloids showed good linear relationships within their respective concentration ranges（r>0.999）. The detection limits in medicinal liquor samples ranged from 0.019 to 0.071 μg/L,for Chinese herbal medicine samples,the detection limits ranged from 0.006 to 0.022 μg/kg. The spike recovery rate was 90.31%-97.92%,with a relative standard deviation of 1.14%-2.73%（n=6）. Compared to the traditional method liquid chromatography-multiple-reaction monitoring（LC-MRM）,the LC-MRM³ method enhanced the detection sensitivity by an order of magnitude and allowed for simple sample preparation without the impact of matrix effects. Qualitative results were further confirmed through multi-stage mass spectrometry（MS³） scanning. The quantitative results of LC-MRM³ were essentially consistent with those of LC-MRM. Conclusion This method is simple,fast,and accurate,and can be used for the simultaneous detection of three cardiotonic alkaloids in Chinese herbal medicine and medicinal liquor.

Simultaneous determination of 20 alkaloids in cosmetics by QuEChERS-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry

ZHU Meng, LAI Miaoju, XU Siqi, XIONG Yanlan, CUI Shudan, LI Qiang

2024, 40(17):  2346-2351. 

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Objective By optimizing extraction conditions,purification conditions and instrument conditions,to establish a high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry（HPLC-MS/MS） method for the simultaneous determination of 20 alkaloids in three cosmetic substrates. Methods The sample was extracted by ultrasonic with acetonitrile-water（7 ∶ 3,V/V） mixed solvent containing 1% formic acid,purified by QuEChERS technology,separated by Waters XBrige^TM C₁₈ liquid chromatography column,detected by multiple reaction monitoring（MRM） in positive mode of electric spray ion source（ESI）,and quantified by external standard method. Results The 20 alkaloids had a good linear relationship in the three cosmetics substrates（r>0.996）. The limits of detection and quantitation were 0.015-1.500 μg/kg and 0.049-4.900 μg/kg respectively. The average recoveries of 20 alkaloids were 64.0%-122.0%,and the relative standard deviations were 0.8%-13.3%. Conclusion The method is simple and easy to operate,with high sensitivity,good repeatability and accurate quantification,and is suitable for the detection and safety evaluation of various alkaloids in cosmetics.

Analysis on current status and influencing factors of career success among clinical surgical nurses in Mianyang City

MA Yanfei, HU Rong, ZHANG Yaqing, WANG Lihui, WANG Chunyan, LI Yeping

2024, 40(17):  2352-2356. 

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Objective To investigate the current status of clinical surgical nurses' career success and analyze its influencing factors,with the aim of providing reference for nursing team managers to develop precise nursing management measures. Methods In September 2023,convenience sampling was used to select clinical surgical nurses from Mianyang Central Hospital as the research subjects. A survey was conducted using general information form,psychological capital scale,nursing work environment scale,nurse professional identity scale,and career success scale. The statistical results were analyzed using SPSS 25.0 software. Results This study surveyed 248 clinical surgical nurses,with a career success score of （38.99±8.09）points. The scores of career satisfaction were （18.81±4.30）points,intra-organizational competitiveness were （10.66±2.81）points,and extra-organizational competitiveness were（9.56±2.51）points. The comparison of career success scores among clinical surgical nurses of different genders,educational backgrounds,professional titles,average monthly salaries,and different numbers of children showed statistically significant differences（all P<0.05）. There were positive correlations between career success and nursing work environment,nurse professional identity,psychological capital,and various dimensions（all P<0.05）. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that psychological capital and professional identity were both influencing factors for the career success of clinical surgical nurses（both P<0.05）. Conclusion The career success of clinical surgical nurses is at a moderate level. Nursing managers can promote the improvement of career success by improving their psychological capital and professional identity,thereby expanding the career development of clinical surgical nurses.

Analysis on current situation and influencing factors of negative emotions among clinical nurses in grade-A tertiary hospitals in Sichuan Province

CHEN Mengling, LIU Bo, HUANG Houqiang, HE Rongfang, ZHEN Silin, HUANG Min

2024, 40(17):  2357-2361. 

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Objective To investigate the current situation of negative emotions among clinical nurses in grade-A tertiary hospitals in Sichuan Province and analyze its influencing factors. Methods From February to May 2023,a convenience sampling method was used to select 1 393 clinical nursing staff from multiple grade-A tertiary hospitals in Sichuan Province as the research subjects. We conducted a survey using a general information questionnaire,irritability depression and anxiety scale（IDA） and Pittsburgh sleep quality index（PSQI）. Multiple linear regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of negative emotions among clinical nurses. Results Out of 1 393 clinical nurses,745（53.5%） had symptoms of depression,617（44.3%） had symptoms of anxiety,458（32.9%） had symptoms of internal irritation,and 459（33.0%） had symptoms of extroverted irritation. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that working years,relationship with medical staff in the department,family relationship and sleep quality entered the regression equation（all P<0.01）,which could explain 32.1% of the total variation in negative emotions among nurses. Conclusion The incidence of anxiety,depression and irritability among clinical nurses is relatively higher. Long working years,poor relationships with medical staff in the department,poor family relationships,and poor sleep quality are the main influencing factors for negative emotions. Managers should develop effective incentive measures to create a warm and harmonious working atmosphere for nurses,promote healthy lifestyles through multiple channels,provide psychological adjustment education for those with negative emotions,reduce the occurrence of negative emotions among nurses,improve the psychological health level of clinical nurses,and thus enhance the quality of nursing care.

Epidemiological characteristics and report quality evaluation of public health emergencies of varicella in Nanjing City from 2006 to 2022

SUN Hongmin, XU Yangting, BIAN Zenghui, LIU Ting, ZHU Lanlan, ZHANG Zhong

2024, 40(17):  2362-2366. 

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Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and report quality evaluation of public health emergencies（PHEs） of varicella in Nanjing City from 2006 to 2022,provide evidence for further improving the epidemic control effect and reporting quality. Methods The information of varicella PHEs was collected by the National Public Health Emergency Management Information System,and the epidemiological characteristics and report quality were analyzed and evaluated by Excel 2010,SPSS 25.0 and Joinpoint software. Results From 2006 to 2022,113 varicella PHEs were reported in Nanjing City,with a total of 141 453 exposed people and 3 516 cases,and no deaths. Of the 113 varicella PHEs,one occurred in social welfare institutions,and the remaining 112 occurred in kindergartens and primary/middle schools. There was a positive correlation between the incidence of 113 varicella PHEs and the control time interval（r=0.593,P<0.01）. The completeness rates of items in the final reports were 33.63%-100.00%,and there was statistically significant difference in the distribution of the final report among districts（χ²=121.19,P<0.01）. Conclusion The overall report quality of varicella PHEs in Nanjing City is relatively high,but individual reports are not standardized,and it is necessary to strengthen the cultivation and training of health emergency personnel,improve the effectiveness of emergency response and the quality of reporting.

Analysis on epidemic situation of notifiable disease in Daxing District of Beijing City from 2017 to 2022

LIU Xiaomeng, SU Xuemei, LIU Haibo, LIU Tan, WANG Li, ZHANG Rongna

2024, 40(17):  2367-2370. 

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Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of notifiable disease in Daxing District of Beijing City from 2017 to 2022,and provide a basis for the prevention and control of infectious diseases in Daxing District of Beijing City. Methods Collected the notifiable disease report data of Daxing District of Beijing City from 2017 to 2022 through the Infectious Disease Monitoring System of the China Disease Prevention and Control Information System,and analyzed the data. Results From 2020 to 2022,Daxing District of Beijing City reported an average of 7 654 cases of 22 kinds of A,B and C notifiable disease in the three years,with a incidence rate of 413.31/100 000,an average of 11 deaths and a mortality rate of 0.59/100 000. From 2017 to 2019,an average of 11 863 cases of 23 kinds were reported,with a incidence rate of 695.04/100 000,an average of 12 deaths and a mortality rate of 0.70/100 000. The average annual value from 2020 to 2022 was lower than that from 2017 to 2019,and the incidence rate and mortality rate were decreased by 40.56% and 15.71% respectively. On the perspective of transmission routes,the average annual value from 2020 to 2022 was lower than that from 2017 to 2019. The incidence rate of intestinal infectious diseases,respiratory infectious diseases（the mortality rate）,natural foci and insect borne infectious diseases and blood borne and sexually transmitted infections（the mortality rate） were decreased by 68.07%,25.06%（64.29%）,25.0% and 21.33%（5.26%） respectively. Conclusion The average reported statutory incidence rate and mortality rates from 2020 to 2022 are lower than those from 2017 to 2019,of which the decline of Class C infectious diseases is more obvious,and the incidence rate of most diseases are reduced by different degrees.

Analysis on current status and influencing factors of psychological reactions of clinical nurses in Anhui Province

CHEN Xia, ZHAO Fangfang, WANG Cheng, CHEN Jing, ZHANG Hui, QUAN Yiping

2024, 40(17):  2371-2376. 

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Objective To understand the current situation of psychological reactions among clinical nurses and analyze its influencing factors. Methods From May to September 2022,a convenience sampling method was used to select clinical nurses from six grade-A tertiary comprehensive hospitals in five cities in Anhui Province as the survey subjects. The general information questionnaire,psychological questionnaires for emergent events of public health,nurse emergency capability scale for emergent events of public health,chinese version of meaning in life questionnaire and the Chinese version of gratitude questionnaire-6 were used to conduct the questionnaire survey,and the data were analyzed. Results A total of 1 262 clinical nurses were included,with a psychological reactions score of （13.97±8.89）points. Emergency capability,sense of meaning in life,age,night shift status,whether to raise children and whether they had experienced psychological discomfort were the main influencing factors of the psychological reactions of clinical nurses in the post-epidemic era（all P<0.05）,which could explain 25.30% of the total variation. Conclusion The psychological reactions of clinical nurses are at a mild level,and managers should actively take strategies to improve the emergency capability of clinical nurses,enhance the sense of meaning in life of nurses,and continuously focus on guiding and cultivating these two qualities. At the same time,special attention should be paid to the group of nurses who are young and middle-aged nurses,work more night shifts,raise children and self-reported psychological discomfort,so as to provide them with effective,long-term and diversified psychological support system to better improve their psychological coping and health levels.

Application of ARIMA model and LSTM model in predicting the incidence trend of brucellosis

FAN Ben, WANG Tongmin, ZHAO Qian, YANG Liugen, MA Xiaoling, LI Fanka

2024, 40(17):  2377-2382. 

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Objective To analyze the incidence trend of brucellosis in Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps,and explore the application of autoregressive integrated moving average model（ARIMA） and long short-term memory（LSTM） model in the prediction of brucellosis incidence. Methods Based on monthly reported cases of brucellosis from 2010 to 2022,ARIMA and LSTM models were established to fit and predict the incidence of brucellosis in the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps. The prediction performance of the models was evaluated by comparing the root mean square error（RMSE）,mean absolute error（MAE）,and coefficient of determination（R²）. Results The RMSE and MAE fitted and predicted by ARIMA（1,0,1）（0,1,2）₁₂ model were 19.72,16.40,12.02 and 8.16,respectively,and the fitted R² was 82.51. The RMSE and MAE fitted and predicted by LSTM neural network model were 13.37,10.88,10.26 and 7.71,respectively,and the fitted R² was 84.70. LSTM model had better fitting and prediction effect than ARIMA（1,0,1）（0,1,2）₁₂. The ARIMA model and LSTM model predict 773 and 789 cases of brucellosis in the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps from 2023 to 2024,respectively. Conclusion In the past 13 years,the incidence of brucellosis in the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps had shown an overall upward trend,and there was a certain seasonal trend. LSTM model can better fit and predict the incidence and trend of brucellosis,and the model effect is better than ARIMA（1,0,1）（0,1,2）₁₂ model,which can improve the prediction accuracy to a certain extent and provide reference for the prevention and control of brucellosis.

Influence of proactive personality on work well-being

ZHANG Lan, HOU Jinqin, CHEN Zhiyan

2024, 40(17):  2383-2388. 

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Objective Based on the theory of social ecosystem,to explore the relationship between employees' proactive personality and work well-being,as well as the mediating role of psychological capital and the moderating role of coaching leadership. Methods From February to May 2022,a convenience sampling method was used to select research samples from 8 domestic enterprises. A questionnaire survey was conducted on 668 employees using the proactive personality scale,work well-being scale,psychological capital scale and coaching leadership scale. The moderated mediation effect was tested using SPSS 26.0 macro program. Results The scores of proactive personality,work well-being,and psychological capital of the survey subjects were （5.67±0.88）,（5.39±1.00） and （4.56±0.63）points,respectively. The score of coaching leadership was （5.67±0.96）points. There were statistically significant differences in work well-being among employees of different ages（t=2.73,P<0.05）,with employees aged 40- <50 having the highest level of happiness. Psychological capital increased with age and education（t=8.73,5.18,both P<0.01）. There were significant positive correlation between proactive personality and work well-being as well as psychological capital（r=0.62,0.63, both P<0.01）,and a positive correlation between psychological capital and work well-being（r=0.64,P<0.01）. Proactive personality significantly positively predicts work well-being（β=0.62,P<0.01）. Psychological capital partially mediated the relationship between proactive personality and work well-being,accounting for 44.34% of the total effect. Coaching leadership positively moderates the relationship between proactive personality and work well-being（β=0.06,P<0.05）,as well as the first half of the mediating effect of psychological capital（β=0.05,P<0.05）. Conclusion Proactive personality positively predicts work well-being,and psychological capital plays a mediating role between proactive personality and work well-being. Coaching leadership plays a moderating role in the relationship between proactive personality,psychological capital and work well-being.

Analysis on status quo and influencing factors of nurses' sense of job insecurity in tertiary hospitals in Yulin City

LI Yufan, HAN Lin, GUAN Qing, SUN Mingzhu, LI Li, HUANG Xi

2024, 40(17):  2389-2394. 

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Objective To investigate the status quo of nurses' sense of job insecurity in tertiary hospitals in Yulin City and further analyze its influencing factors,aiming to provide a reference for improving the status quo of nurses' lack of job insecurity sense and building nursing teams. Methods A convenience sampling method was used to conduct a questionnaire survey among nurses in tertiary A hospitals in Yulin City from November 2022 to March 2023,including general information and occupational safety. Results The total score of 408 surveyed nurses' sense of job insecurity was （129.93±26.08）points,which was at a medium level. The scores of doctor-patient relationship was （35.53±7.35）points,professional development was （14.41±4.8）points,salary promotion was （16.12±4.64）points,excessive competition was （13.08±3.38）points,colleague relationship was （9.46±3.67）points,subordinate relationship was （8.09±2.83）points,health risk was （10.79±2.94）points,institutional environment was （12.90±3.01）points and job loss was （9.55±2.22）points. Linear regression analysis showed that,academic qualifications were the main influencing factors of job insecurity,doctor-patient relationship and job loss. Professional title was the main influencing factor of doctor-patient relationship and institutional environment. Position was the main influencing factor of colleague relations,salary promotion and health risks. Marital,childbearing status and working years were the main influencing factors of job loss（all P<0.05）. Conclusion The job insecurity among nurses in Yulin's tertiary hospitals is at a medium level,with 71.8% of the nurses clearly lacking. Organizational managers should pay more attention to the occupational safety of nurses,and can improve it through reasonable work arrangements and providing corresponding guarantees,so as to stabilize the nursing team.

Mediating effect of nurse solidarity and job embeddedness between emotional intelligence and organizational citizenship behavior

WANG Jing, LI Ping, WANG Yan, ZHANG Qin, WANG Zifan

2024, 40(17):  2395-2399. 

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Objective To explore the multiple mediating effects of nurse solidarity and job embeddedness on emotional intelligence and organizational citizenship behavior,and providing reference for nursing managers to enhance nurse organizational citizenship behavior and promote organizational development. Methods From March to April 2023,a convenience sampling method was used to select 1 021 nurses from two grade-A tertiary hospitals in Shihezi City as the research subjects. A general information survey questionnaire,emotional intelligence scale,the colleague solidarity of nurses' scale（CSNS）,nurse job embeddedness scale and nurse organizational citizenship behavior scale were used for the survey. Results The emotional intelligence score of the surveyed nurses was （76.54±7.98）points,the nurse solidarity score was （75.54±8.32）points,the job embedding score was （75.91±11.14）points,and the organizational citizenship behavior score was （97.09±8.92）points. Organizational citizenship behavior was positively correlated with emotional intelligence,nurse solidarity and job embeddedness（all P<0.01）. Nurse solidarity and job embeddedness played a chain mediating role between emotional intelligence and organizational citizenship behavior,with a mediating effect of 0.094,accounting for 45.63% of the total effect. Conclusion Emotional intelligence can directly affect nurses' organizational citizenship behavior,and indirectly affect organizational citizenship behavior through the chain mediating effect of nurses' solidarity and job embeddedness. Nursing managers should pay attention to improving the emotional intelligence level of nurses,creating a harmonious departmental atmosphere,enhancing nurses' solidarity and job embeddedness level,and stimulating nurses' organizational citizenship behavior.

Analysis on pollution characteristics of five water-soluble ions in atmospheric PM_2.5 in urban areas of Hohhot from 2020 to 2022

YAN Aiyun, ZHANG Haiyan, CAI Yu, TU Ya, WANG Pujun

2024, 40(17):  2400-2404. 

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Objective To investigate the pollution levels of five water-soluble fine particulate matter（PM_2.5） ions,including NO₃^-,NH₄⁺,F^-,Cl^- and SO₄^2-,in the atmosphere of Hohhot urban area from 2020 to 2022,evaluate the comprehensive status of pollution control according to the characteristics of pollution sources. Methods The 252 days of atmospheric PM_2.5 samples collected from the 10th to the 16th of each month from 2020 to 2022 were taken as the research object. The average mass concentrations of NO₃^-,NH₄⁺,F^-,Cl^- and SO₄^2- were measured,which are the five typical inorganic ions in atmospheric PM_2.5 in urban areas of Hohhot from 2020 to 2022. Results The average concentrations of five typical inorganic ions in atmospheric PM_2.5 in Hohhot from 2020 to 2022 were 4.56 μg/m³ for NO₃^-,2.83 μg/m³ for NH₄⁺,0.10 μg/m³ for F^-,0.86 μg/m³ for Cl^- and 4.05 μg/m³ for SO₄^2-. There were statistically significant differences in the mass concentration of Cl^-,NH₄⁺ and NO₃^- among years（χ²=8.13,10.24,9.79,all P<0.05）,and there were statistically significant differences in the mass concentration of NO₃^-,SO₄^2-,NH₄⁺ and Cl^- among seasons（χ²=26.34,29.88,27.65,68.01,all P<0.05）. NO₃^-,SO₄^2- and NH₄⁺ were highly correlated and tend to bind to produce NH₄NO₃,（NH₄）₂SO₄ and （NH₄）HSO₄. Moreover,SO₄^2- and NO₃^- could be completely neutralized by NH₄⁺,and SO₄^2- was more prone to secondary oxidation than NO₃^-. Conclusion From 2020 to 2022,Hohhot has a good atmospheric PM_2.5 and water-soluble ion concentration level,a large pressure on the comprehensive status of exhaust emissions,and excellent environmental atmospheric control.

Analysis on current status and correlation of family dynamics and resilience among nursing students

HE Linyun, LI Xiaoling

2024, 40(17):  2405-2409. 

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Objective To investigate the correlation between family dynamics and resilience of nursing students,and to provide data support for improving the level of resilience of them. Methods The general information questionnaire,the revised systematic family dynamics self-assessment questionnaire,and the medical staff resilience scale were used to investigate the nurse interns in the First People's Hospital of Longquanyi District from June to November 2023,and the data were statistically analyzed using SPSS 25.0. Results The score of family dynamics of 210 nursing students was （56.17±11.18）points,family climate dimension was（17.97±3.08）points,personalization dimension was （14.41±4.33）points,systems logic dimension was （14.61±2.73）points,illness perception dimension was （10.51±2.36）points. Resilience score was （59.21±11.93）points,decision-making and coping dimension was （20.24±4.33）points,interpersonal connection dimension was （14.29±3.01）points,rational thinking dimension was （12.72±2.93）points,and flexible self-adaptation dimension was （11.95±3.16）points. Pearson's correlation analysis showed that the scores of family dynamics and resilience and its dimensions were negatively correlated（all P<0.01）,and there was a positive correlation between the family dynamics status and the function of the level of resilience（P<0.01）. The multiple linear regression showed that there was a statistically significant difference between different internship times,family atmosphere,personalization,system logic,and whether or not they had participated in psychological training,and resilience among the nursing students（R²=0.629,adjusted R²=0.621,F=56.54,P<0.01）. Conclusion Family plays an important role in the resilience of nursing students. In order to improve the resilience level of nursing students,it is necessary to pay attention to the cultivation of their internal traits,as well as to the construction of family functioning,aiming to provide more powerful support for the future career development of nursing students.

Nutritional status of vitamin A,vitamin D,serum zinc and its correlation with physical growth among primary and middle school students aged 6-15 in Pudong New Area of Shanghai City

REN Yaping, HU Hui, QIN Cun, SHEN Huiping, BAI Pinqing

2024, 40(17):  2410-2413. 

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Objective To understand the levels of vitamin A,vitamin D,and serum zinc among primary and middle school students in Pudong New Area of Shanghai City,and explore their impact on students' physical growth and development. Methods According to the requirements of the 'Nutrition Improvement Program for Compulsory Education Students in Rural Areas'（shorten as Student Nutrition Improvement Program）,a stratified random cluster sampling was used to select 605 primary and middle school students on a class by class basis. In October 2021,the students' height and body mass were measured,and fasting venous blood was collected to detect vitamin A,vitamin D,and serum zinc concentrations. Results The average age of the survey subjects was （10.53±2.64）years old,and the average concentration of vitamin A was （0.39±0.07）μg/mL,the average concentration of vitamin D was （17.97±5.82）ng/mL,and the average concentration of serum zinc was （152.71±85.96）μg/dL. The marginal deficiency rate of vitamin A was 10.58%,the deficiency rate of vitamin D was 52.89%,the marginal deficiency rate of vitamin D was 13.88%,and the deficiency rate of serum zinc was 15.70%. The rates of vitamin D deficiency and marginal deficiency in middle school students were higher than those in primary school students,and the rate was higher among girls than boys. The serum zinc deficiency rate in suburban areas was much higher than that in urban areas,and the differences were statistically significant（all P<0.01）. The marginal deficiency rate of vitamin A in lean individuals was higher,while the marginal deficiency rate of vitamin A in obese individuals was lower,with a statistically significant difference（P<0.01）. Conclusion Primary and secondary school students in Pudong New Area of Shanghai City,all suffer from deficiencies in vitamin A,vitamin D,and serum zinc,with vitamin D deficiency being particularly prominent and requiring high attention. Thin individuals are more prone to vitamin A deficiency.

Current status and correlation analysis of social health and aging attitude among community-dwelling older adults

WANG Weili, ZHANG Sisi, LI Lin, WU Junxian, SHEN Qin

2024, 40(17):  2414-2418. 

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Objective To understand the current status of social health and aging attitude of older adults in the community,analyze the correlation between the two. Methods A convenience sampling method was used to select 508 elderly people from three communities in Hangzhou City from March to June 2023,they were investigated by the general information questionnaire,social health scale for the elderly and attitudes to ageing questionnaire（AAQ）,and the data were analyzed. Results The social health score of 508 community elderly people was （60.42±14.13）points,and the score of aging attitude was （72.23±11.31）points. The aging attitude was positively correlated with social health（r=0.356,P<0.01）. The personal average monthly income,marital status,educational level,self-rated health status,living style,and physical exercise were the influencing factors of social health（all P<0.01）. Conclusions The social health of the elderly in the community in Hangzhou City is at a low level,while the aging attitude is at a moderate to high level,and the aging attitude of the elderly significantly affects their social health. The nursing staff in the community should pay attention to the aging attitude of the elderly and guide their positive aging attitude to improve their social health level.

Meta-analysis on influencing factors of medical students' attitude towards death

GUO Haiyan, SHENG Wanyu, LI Xiaomin, LIANG Mingming, CHE Jiajun, BAI Ziyu

2024, 40(17):  2419-2424. 

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Objective To explore the influencing factors of medical students' attitude towards death,provide reference for medical colleges to carry out death education. Methods PubMed,Web of Science,Scopus,China National Knowledge Network,VIP and Wanfang databases were searched for Chinese and English articles on the influencing factors of medical students' attitude toward death from January 2012 to September 2022. RevMan5.4 was used for meta-analysis. Results A total of 17 literatures were included,with a sample size of 11 251 people. The results of meta-analysis showed that death of a relative[SMD（95%CI）：0.10（0.04-0.17）],family discussion of death[SMD（95%CI）：0.16（0.10-0.22）] and death education[SMD（95%CI）：-0.22（-0.36- -0.09）] was the influential factor of "fear of death" of medical students. Talking about death at home[SMD（95%CI）：0.25（0.15-0.35）],experiences of exposure to death[SMD（95%CI）：-0.11（-0.20--0.02）] and death education[SMD（95%CI）：-0.23（-0.36- -0.09）] were the influential factor of "death escape" of medical students. The gender[SMD（95%CI）：-0.06（-0.12--0.01）],grade[SMD（95%CI）：0.14（0.02-0.26）] and origin of students[SMD（95%CI）：-0.13（-0.17--0.08）] were the influential factor of "naturally acceptance" of medical students. The major[SMD（95%CI）：0.08（0.01-0.15）],perceived physical and mental status[SMD（95%CI）：0.28（0.19-0.36）] and experience of death of relatives and friends[SMD（95%CI）：0.16（0.09-0.22）] were the influencing factors of "approach acceptance" of medical students. The experience of death of relatives and friends[SMD（95%CI）：0.14（0.01-0.27）] and death education[SMD（95%CI）：-0.14（-0.23--0.04）] were the influential factors of "escape acceptance" of medical students. There were statistically significant differences in the above factors（all P<0.05）. Conclusion The medical students who have experienced the death of relatives and friends,who have not been exposed to the death experience,who have never or try to avoid talking about death at home,and who have not received death education are more likely to have a negative attitude towards death. Therefore,the above factors should be taken into account in the education of death for medical students.

Investigation and Research

Current status of tuberculosis awareness among students in Jizhou District of Tianjin and evaluation of health education effect

SUN Rui, LIU Hua, MU Cheng, SUN Zheng, ZHANG Fan, WANG Chunhua

2024, 40(17):  2425-2428. 

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Objective To understand the awareness of tuberculosis among primary and secondary school students in Jizhou District of Tianjin,and evaluate the effect of special health education. Methods Using stratified cluster sampling method,861 students from 8 primary and secondary schools in urban and rural areas of Jizhou District were selected as health education subjects from April 2020 to March 2022. A survey questionnaire was used to survey 861 students before and after health education,and a total of 826 questionnaires were valid for both surveys. The survey before health education was an awareness rate survey,while the survey after health education was the evaluation of the effect of health education. Results The overall awareness rate of tuberculosis prevention and treatment knowledge before health education was 61.28% and 97.26% after special health education,and the difference was statistically significant（χ²=1 951.621,P<0.01）. Students' awareness of the three aspects of "whether tuberculosis is transmitted at close range","how long to consider tuberculosis after coughing" and "where to see a doctor if you have tuberculosis" had significantly improved,from 62.83%（519/826）,39.95%（330/826）,45.28%（374/826） before intervention to 99.52%（822/826）,90.56%（748/826）,and 99.64%（823/826）,respectively,and the differences were statistically significant（all P<0.01）. Among the students,the proportions of "treating patients with tuberculosis around them as usual" and "very willing to learn about tuberculosis related prevention knowledge" increased significantly,from 16.59%（137/826） and 9.93%（82/826） before the intervention to 77.12%（637/826） and 98.31%（812/826）,respectively,with statistically significant differences（both P<0.01）. Conclusion The awareness rate of tuberculosis among students in Jizhou District of Tianjin is not high,and the awareness rate of students has significantly improved after special health education.Health education in different modes and forms according to the characteristics of students is an effective measure for the prevention and control of tuberculosis.

Investigation on status of occupational noise induced hearing loss in Beijing and cohort analysis of its association with blood pressure and heart rhythm

TAN Jian, TAO Huaiying, YE Yan

2024, 40(17):  2429-2433. 

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Objective To understand the status of occupational noise induced hearing loss in Beijing,and analyze the relationship between hearing loss and blood pressure and heart rhythm. Methods Taking the on-the-job workers of noise operation in Beijing who participated in the occupational health examination in 2022 as the study subjects. All of them received pure tone hearing,electrocardiogram and blood pressure tests. The study investigated the prevalence of hearing loss,heart rate abnormality and hypertension in workers of different genders,ages and working ages,and analyzed their correlation. Results A total of 3 852 occupational health examinations of noise workers in Beijing were collected,and hearing loss was detected in 1 369 people（35.54%）,with the highest percentage of high-frequency hearing loss（18.25%）. The detection rate of hearing loss was higher in males than in females（P<0.01）. The detection rate of hearing loss increased with age and working years（P<0.05）. A total of 875 people（22.72%） with abnormal heart rhythms and 717 people（18.61%） with hypertension were detected. The detection rates of arrhythmia and hypertension were higher in males than in females（both P<0.01）. The detection rate of arrhythmia decreased and hypertension increased with age（both P<0.01）,and the detection rate of arrhythmia was the highest among those 0-<5 years of service,and the detection rate of hypertension was the lowest（both P<0.05）. Stratified analysis showed that in males,females,aged 0-<30,30-<40 years,and working years 0-<5 and 5-<10 years,the detection rate of abnormal heart rhythm in patients with hearing loss was higher than that in patients with normal hearing（all P<0.05）. The detection rate of hypertension was higher in hearing-impaired people than in normal-hearing people among men,women,aged 0-<30,30-<40 years,working years 5-<10,11-<15,≥15 years（all P<0.05）. Hearing loss（high-frequency hearing loss,sensorineural deafness,conductive deafness,and other hearing loss）,working years（5-<10,11-<15,≥15 years）,and tachycardia were the independent risk factors leading to the onset of hypertension in noise-worked workers,while bradycardia was a protective factor（all P<0.05）,and hearing loss（high-frequency hearing loss,sensorineural deafness,and conductive deafness） and length of service（5-<10 years） were correlates of abnormal heart rhythms in noise-work workers（all P<0.05）. Conclusion Occupational noise deafness hearing loss in Beijing is predominantly high-frequency hearing loss,and there is a correlation between hearing loss and hypertension and cardiac rhythm abnormalities. It is necessary to strengthen the monitoring of cardiac rhythm and blood pressure in young and low working-age populations to prevent and control hypertension.

Overview

Research progress on nurses' professional grief

SU Tao, XIAO Renning, ZHU Yue, WANG Zhangyi, PANG Xiaoli, WANG Shuaiying

2024, 40(17):  2434-2438. 

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Facing the death of a patient,nurses not only empathize with the grief,but also need to provide timely nursing care for other patients,which creates a certain degree of physical and mental pressure,seriously affecting their emotions,cognition,and professional happiness. The nurses who are trapped in a state of sadness for a long time are prone to professional burnout and empathy fatigue,which can affect the quality of nursing and even lead to cognitive changes in invasive thoughts of death. This article reviews the concept,evaluation tools,current situation,influencing factors and promotion strategies of nurses' professional grief,in an effort to provide reference for nursing managers to construct intervention programs to reduce the level of nurses' professional grief,so as to promote the growth of grief and help them attend to grief better.

Research progress on innovative literacy assessment tools for nursing college students

ZHANG Xiaojun, HAN Jizhen, DING Ruixin, ZHAO Xinyue, LEI Jing, LI Mingxia

2024, 40(17):  2439-2443. 

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As the main force of the future nursing industry,the cultivation of innovative literacy among nursing college students（hereinafter referred to as "nursing students"） is an important factor that affects the improvement of nursing service quality and the resolution of clinical nursing problems. There are various types of tools for evaluating innovation literacy both domestically and internationally,but there is currently a lack of relevant reports specifically targeting evaluation tools for innovation literacy of nursing students. Based on this,this article introduces the concept and connotation of innovation literacy,and provides a review of relevant evaluation tools for innovation literacy of nursing students at home and abroad,summarizes them into two categories：universal innovation literacy assessment tools（assessment the climate for creativity,individual innovative behavior scale,Torrance tests of creative thinking,creative personality scale） and specific innovation literacy assessment tools（organizational innovation atmosphere scale,self-rating creativity scale,innovation behavior questionnaire）,explains the content,characteristics and application of each assessment tool,and analyzes the problems existing in existing assessment tools,to develop and apply specific evaluation tools to provide reference for conducting related research.

Research progress on mental health literacy of medical staff

LIU Ruizhi, WU Yulan

2024, 40(17):  2444-2448. 

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Mental health literacy refers to the level of knowledge and belief that can identify and treat mental illness. Improving the mental health literacy of medical staff can not only effectively improve the mental health level of medical staff,but also has great significance for patients. This paper reviews the concept of mental health literacy,the current situation of mental health literacy of medical staff and the intervention measures,in order to provide help for improving the mental health level of medical staff.