
OCCUPATION AND HEALTH ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (8): 1071-1077.
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LU Bianfang
Received:2025-10-27
Revised:2025-11-21
Online:2026-04-15
Published:2026-05-18
CLC Number:
LU Bianfang. Determination of trihalomethanes and carbon tetrachloride as disinfection by-products in drinking water by headspace gas chromatography and evaluation of measurement uncertainty. [J]OCCUPATION AND HEALTH, 2026, 42(8): 1071-1077.
| 卤代烃标准溶液 体积(μL) | 样品数量(个) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 第1天 | 第2天 | 第3天 | 第4天 | |
| 1.00 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 |
| 0.50 | 7 | — | — | — |
| 5.00 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 |
| 10.00 | — | — | 3 | 3 |
| 20.00 | 3 | — | — | — |
| 30.00 | — | 3 | 3 | 3 |
| 50.00 | 3 | — | — | — |
| 54.00 | — | 3 | 3 | 3 |
| 卤代烃标准溶液 体积(μL) | 样品数量(个) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 第1天 | 第2天 | 第3天 | 第4天 | |
| 1.00 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 |
| 0.50 | 7 | — | — | — |
| 5.00 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 |
| 10.00 | — | — | 3 | 3 |
| 20.00 | 3 | — | — | — |
| 30.00 | — | 3 | 3 | 3 |
| 50.00 | 3 | — | — | — |
| 54.00 | — | 3 | 3 | 3 |
| 测定 批次 | 加标 浓度 (μg/L) | 加标量 (ng) | 三氯甲烷 | 四氯化碳 | 一溴二氯甲烷 | 二溴一氯甲烷 | 三溴甲烷 | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 测定值 (μg/L) | RSD (%) | 回收率 (%) | 测定值 (μg/L) | RSD (%) | 回收率 (%) | 测定值 (μg/L) | RSD (%) | 回收率 (%) | 测定值 (μg/L) | RSD (%) | 回收率 (%) | 测定值 (μg/L) | RSD (%) | 回收率 (%) | |||
| 1 | 0.50 | 5.0 | 0.45~0.50 | 5.2 | 96 | 0.42~0.44 | 2.7 | 86 | 0.46~0.48 | 2.5 | 94 | 0.47~0.50 | 3.1 | 98 | 0.48~0.51 | 3.1 | 98 |
| 2.00 | 20.0 | 2.17~2.19 | 0.5 | 109 | 2.08~2.10 | 0.5 | 105 | 2.02~2.04 | 0.5 | 102 | 2.01~2.03 | 0.6 | 101 | 2.17~2.20 | 0.7 | 110 | |
| 5.00 | 50.0 | 5.07~5.24 | 1.9 | 103 | 4.86~5.26 | 4.1 | 101 | 5.15~5.29 | 1.4 | 104 | 5.21~5.33 | 1.2 | 105 | 5.28~5.32 | 0.4 | 106 | |
| 2 | 0.50 | 5.0 | 0.48~0.54 | 6.0 | 102 | 0.42~0.48 | 6.7 | 90 | 0.47~0.50 | 3.1 | 98 | 0.48~0.51 | 3.1 | 100 | 0.50~0.53 | 2.9 | 104 |
| 3.00 | 30.0 | 3.08~3.16 | 1.4 | 104 | 3.06~3.21 | 2.4 | 104 | 2.93~3.00 | 1.4 | 98 | 2.89~2.97 | 1.5 | 97 | 3.05~3.13 | 1.3 | 103 | |
| 5.40 | 54.0 | 5.16~5.26 | 1.1 | 96 | 5.12~5.33 | 2.1 | 97 | 5.21~5.30 | 0.9 | 97 | 5.17~5.26 | 0.9 | 97 | 5.30~5.35 | 0.5 | 99 | |
| 3 | 0.50 | 5.0 | 0.49~0.52 | 3.4 | 102 | 0.43~0.44 | 1.3 | 86 | 0.47~0.49 | 2.1 | 96 | 0.48~0.50 | 2.4 | 98 | 0.50~0.53 | 2.9 | 104 |
| 1.00 | 10.0 | 1.05~1.11 | 2.9 | 109 | 0.93~1.05 | 6.1 | 99 | 0.94~0.98 | 2.2 | 96 | 0.95~0.98 | 1.6 | 97 | 1.04~1.08 | 1.9 | 106 | |
| 3.00 | 30.0 | 3.07~3.30 | 3.6 | 106 | 3.10~3.27 | 2.9 | 105 | 2.88~3.08 | 3.4 | 99 | 2.85~3.06 | 3.6 | 99 | 2.95~3.17 | 3.6 | 102 | |
| 5.40 | 54.0 | 5.17~5.71 | 5.3 | 100 | 5.29~5.71 | 4.2 | 101 | 5.33~5.82 | 4.8 | 102 | 5.33~5.78 | 4.5 | 102 | 5.32~5.66 | 3.6 | 101 | |
| 4 | 0.50 | 5.0 | 0.46~0.52 | 6.2 | 98 | 0.40~0.44 | 4.8 | 84 | 0.45~0.48 | 3.3 | 92 | 0.45~0.49 | 4.4 | 94 | 0.46~0.52 | 6.2 | 98 |
| 1.00 | 10.0 | 0.98~1.03 | 2.5 | 101 | 0.85~0.91 | 3.6 | 89 | 0.88~0.92 | 2.3 | 90 | 0.90~0.93 | 1.7 | 92 | 1.00~1.03 | 1.5 | 101 | |
| 3.00 | 30.0 | 3.10~3.21 | 2.0 | 106 | 3.04~3.19 | 2.6 | 104 | 2.94~3.05 | 1.9 | 100 | 2.94~3.05 | 1.9 | 100 | 3.08~3.19 | 1.8 | 104 | |
| 5.40 | 54.0 | 5.16~5.32 | 1.6 | 97 | 5.16~5.26 | 1.0 | 96 | 5.18~5.41 | 2.4 | 97 | 5.18~5.41 | 2.2 | 98 | 5.18~5.41 | 2.2 | 98 | |
| 测定 批次 | 加标 浓度 (μg/L) | 加标量 (ng) | 三氯甲烷 | 四氯化碳 | 一溴二氯甲烷 | 二溴一氯甲烷 | 三溴甲烷 | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 测定值 (μg/L) | RSD (%) | 回收率 (%) | 测定值 (μg/L) | RSD (%) | 回收率 (%) | 测定值 (μg/L) | RSD (%) | 回收率 (%) | 测定值 (μg/L) | RSD (%) | 回收率 (%) | 测定值 (μg/L) | RSD (%) | 回收率 (%) | |||
| 1 | 0.50 | 5.0 | 0.45~0.50 | 5.2 | 96 | 0.42~0.44 | 2.7 | 86 | 0.46~0.48 | 2.5 | 94 | 0.47~0.50 | 3.1 | 98 | 0.48~0.51 | 3.1 | 98 |
| 2.00 | 20.0 | 2.17~2.19 | 0.5 | 109 | 2.08~2.10 | 0.5 | 105 | 2.02~2.04 | 0.5 | 102 | 2.01~2.03 | 0.6 | 101 | 2.17~2.20 | 0.7 | 110 | |
| 5.00 | 50.0 | 5.07~5.24 | 1.9 | 103 | 4.86~5.26 | 4.1 | 101 | 5.15~5.29 | 1.4 | 104 | 5.21~5.33 | 1.2 | 105 | 5.28~5.32 | 0.4 | 106 | |
| 2 | 0.50 | 5.0 | 0.48~0.54 | 6.0 | 102 | 0.42~0.48 | 6.7 | 90 | 0.47~0.50 | 3.1 | 98 | 0.48~0.51 | 3.1 | 100 | 0.50~0.53 | 2.9 | 104 |
| 3.00 | 30.0 | 3.08~3.16 | 1.4 | 104 | 3.06~3.21 | 2.4 | 104 | 2.93~3.00 | 1.4 | 98 | 2.89~2.97 | 1.5 | 97 | 3.05~3.13 | 1.3 | 103 | |
| 5.40 | 54.0 | 5.16~5.26 | 1.1 | 96 | 5.12~5.33 | 2.1 | 97 | 5.21~5.30 | 0.9 | 97 | 5.17~5.26 | 0.9 | 97 | 5.30~5.35 | 0.5 | 99 | |
| 3 | 0.50 | 5.0 | 0.49~0.52 | 3.4 | 102 | 0.43~0.44 | 1.3 | 86 | 0.47~0.49 | 2.1 | 96 | 0.48~0.50 | 2.4 | 98 | 0.50~0.53 | 2.9 | 104 |
| 1.00 | 10.0 | 1.05~1.11 | 2.9 | 109 | 0.93~1.05 | 6.1 | 99 | 0.94~0.98 | 2.2 | 96 | 0.95~0.98 | 1.6 | 97 | 1.04~1.08 | 1.9 | 106 | |
| 3.00 | 30.0 | 3.07~3.30 | 3.6 | 106 | 3.10~3.27 | 2.9 | 105 | 2.88~3.08 | 3.4 | 99 | 2.85~3.06 | 3.6 | 99 | 2.95~3.17 | 3.6 | 102 | |
| 5.40 | 54.0 | 5.17~5.71 | 5.3 | 100 | 5.29~5.71 | 4.2 | 101 | 5.33~5.82 | 4.8 | 102 | 5.33~5.78 | 4.5 | 102 | 5.32~5.66 | 3.6 | 101 | |
| 4 | 0.50 | 5.0 | 0.46~0.52 | 6.2 | 98 | 0.40~0.44 | 4.8 | 84 | 0.45~0.48 | 3.3 | 92 | 0.45~0.49 | 4.4 | 94 | 0.46~0.52 | 6.2 | 98 |
| 1.00 | 10.0 | 0.98~1.03 | 2.5 | 101 | 0.85~0.91 | 3.6 | 89 | 0.88~0.92 | 2.3 | 90 | 0.90~0.93 | 1.7 | 92 | 1.00~1.03 | 1.5 | 101 | |
| 3.00 | 30.0 | 3.10~3.21 | 2.0 | 106 | 3.04~3.19 | 2.6 | 104 | 2.94~3.05 | 1.9 | 100 | 2.94~3.05 | 1.9 | 100 | 3.08~3.19 | 1.8 | 104 | |
| 5.40 | 54.0 | 5.16~5.32 | 1.6 | 97 | 5.16~5.26 | 1.0 | 96 | 5.18~5.41 | 2.4 | 97 | 5.18~5.41 | 2.2 | 98 | 5.18~5.41 | 2.2 | 98 | |
| 取样体积 (μL) | 移液器标称容量 (μL) | 容量允差 (%) | 相对标准不确定度 urel |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 1 | ±12.0 | 0.049 |
| 2 | 2 | ±12.0 | 0.049 |
| 4 | 10 | ±8.0 | 0.033 |
| 8 | 10 | ±8.0 | 0.033 |
| 16 | 100 | ±8.0 | 0.033 |
| 32 | 100 | ±3.0 | 0.012 |
| 60 | 100 | ±3.0 | 0.012 |
| 100 | 100 | ±2.0 | 0.008 |
| 10 000 | 10 000 | ±0.6 | 0.002 |
| 取样体积 (μL) | 移液器标称容量 (μL) | 容量允差 (%) | 相对标准不确定度 urel |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 1 | ±12.0 | 0.049 |
| 2 | 2 | ±12.0 | 0.049 |
| 4 | 10 | ±8.0 | 0.033 |
| 8 | 10 | ±8.0 | 0.033 |
| 16 | 100 | ±8.0 | 0.033 |
| 32 | 100 | ±3.0 | 0.012 |
| 60 | 100 | ±3.0 | 0.012 |
| 100 | 100 | ±2.0 | 0.008 |
| 10 000 | 10 000 | ±0.6 | 0.002 |
| 化合物 | 测定浓度 (μg/L) | 扩展不确定度 (μg/L) | 相对扩展不确定度(%) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 三氯甲烷 | 0.51 | 0.14 | 27.5 |
| 3.11 | 0.59 | 19.0 | |
| 5.19 | 0.98 | 18.9 | |
| 四氯化碳 | 0.45 | 0.12 | 26.7 |
| 3.13 | 0.60 | 19.2 | |
| 5.21 | 0.99 | 19.0 | |
| 一溴二氯甲烷 | 0.49 | 0.14 | 28.6 |
| 2.95 | 0.56 | 19.0 | |
| 5.25 | 0.99 | 18.9 | |
| 二溴一氯甲烷 | 0.50 | 0.15 | 30.0 |
| 2.92 | 0.56 | 19.2 | |
| 5.21 | 0.98 | 18.9 | |
| 三溴甲烷 | 0.51 | 0.12 | 23.5 |
| 3.09 | 0.58 | 18.9 | |
| 5.32 | 0.99 | 18.6 |
| 化合物 | 测定浓度 (μg/L) | 扩展不确定度 (μg/L) | 相对扩展不确定度(%) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 三氯甲烷 | 0.51 | 0.14 | 27.5 |
| 3.11 | 0.59 | 19.0 | |
| 5.19 | 0.98 | 18.9 | |
| 四氯化碳 | 0.45 | 0.12 | 26.7 |
| 3.13 | 0.60 | 19.2 | |
| 5.21 | 0.99 | 19.0 | |
| 一溴二氯甲烷 | 0.49 | 0.14 | 28.6 |
| 2.95 | 0.56 | 19.0 | |
| 5.25 | 0.99 | 18.9 | |
| 二溴一氯甲烷 | 0.50 | 0.15 | 30.0 |
| 2.92 | 0.56 | 19.2 | |
| 5.21 | 0.98 | 18.9 | |
| 三溴甲烷 | 0.51 | 0.12 | 23.5 |
| 3.09 | 0.58 | 18.9 | |
| 5.32 | 0.99 | 18.6 |
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