Table of Content

15 April 2026, Volume 42 Issue 8

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Treatise

Relationship between firefighters' self-efficacy and mental health and the mediating role of burnout

FANG Juan, JING Ke, LIANG Mingxuan, FANG Wenhao

2026, 42(8):  1009-1012. 

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Objective To understand the general self-efficacy，mental health，and burnout of firefighters，and explore the mediating role of burnout in the relationship between general self-efficacy and mental health of firefighters. Methods In July 2024，a questionnaire survey was conducted on firefighters from eleven fire brigades in Jinhua City，Zhejiang Provinces using the general self-efficacy scale，Maslach burnout inventory-general survey and symptom checklist-90（SCL-90），and the data were analyzed. Results The general self-efficacy score of firefighters was （26.68±5.41）points，burnout was （1.71±0.91）points and psychological symptom was （113.1±22.98）points. There were statistically significant differences in the scores of burnout among firefighters with different age，years of service，educational background（F=7.824，3.368，10.660，all P<0.05）. There were statistically significant differences in the scores of general self-efficacy among firefighters with different age，years of service，marital status（F=3.372，5.333，t=-2.726，all P<0.05）. There were statistically significant differences in the scores of psychological symptom among firefighters with different years of service and educational background（F=3.025，4.387，both P<0.05）.General self-efficacy was negatively correlated with burnout and psychological symptom（r=-0.463，-0.297，both P<0.01），while burnout was significantly positively correlated with psychological symptom（r=0.515，P<0.01）. Burnout partially mediated the relationship between general self-efficacy and mental health，with an effect value of -0.952，accounting for 73.01% of the total effect. Conclusion The general self-efficacy，mental health，and burnout of firefighters are at a moderate level. Burnout plays a mediating role between general self-efficacy and mental health，and can directly affect the mental health of firefighters by enhancing general self-efficacy. It can also reduce burnout by enhancing general self-efficacy，ultimately improving the mental health status of firefighters.

Analysis on results of occupational health examinations for 796 radiological diagnosis and treatment workers in Xinjiang

CHEN Sihao, WANG Wenyu, JU Nan, LIU Yang, LI Xueyao, ZHANG Lijiang

2026, 42(8):  1013-1019. 

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Objective To understand the occupational health status of medical radiation workers in Xinjiang，and provide references for further strengthening radiation hygiene management and occupational health monitoring. Methods A total of 796 radiation workers who participated in occupational health examinations from 2021 to 2023 were selected as the research subjects. The health statuses of radiation workers with different genders，ages，length of service，exposure methods，and types of occupational radiation were compared and analyzed. Results The detection rates of abnormal hemoglobin，routine urine test，and lymphocyte micronucleus in female radiation workers were all higher than those in male radiation workers（7.5%>1.9%，42.5%>21.3%，2.2%>0， χ²=15.418，40.714，8.240，all P<0.05）. The detection rates of abnormal lens of the eyes，liver function，and kidney function in male radiation workers were higher than those in female radiation workers（7.3%>1.9%，28.2%>21.7%，27.0%>15.1%，χ²=11.548，4.291，15.620，all P<0.05）. The abnormal rates of platelets，routine urine test，and liver function in the compartment operation group were higher than those in the near-table operation group（7.0%>3.3%，33.6%>24.6%，32.3%>16.6%，χ²=5.302，7.649，25.299，all P<0.05）. The abnormal rate of the lens of the eyes in the near-table operation group was higher than that in the compartment operation group（8.5%>2.6%，χ²=14.139，P<0.05）. The detection rate of abnormal lens of the eyes was the highest in the age group of 45 years old and above，the working years group of 20 years and above，and the diagnostic radiology（2A） group in the classification of types of occupational radiation（17.5%，19.2%，8.7%，χ²=60.616，85.166，11.308，all P<0.05）. The detection rate of abnormal white blood cells was the highest in the age group of 30-<45 years old and the working years group of 10-<20 years（9.9%，10.2%，χ²=7.745，6.274，both P<0.05）. The detection rates of abnormal hemoglobin and routine urine test were the highest in the radiotherapy（2D） group in the classification of types of occupational radiation（10.6%，46.2%，χ²=18.932，40.056，both P<0.05）. The detection rate of abnormal liver function was the highest in the other（2F） group in the classification of types of occupational radiation（50%，χ²=20.132，P<0.05）. The detection rate of abnormal analysis of chromosomal aberrations in peripheral blood lymphocytes was the highest in the age group of 45 years old and above，the working years group of 20 years and above，and the dental radiology（2B） group in the classification of types of occupational radiation（2.9%，3.3%，12.5%，χ²=6.151，6.802，12.528，all P<0.05）. Logistic regression analysis showed that compared with males，females was the risk factor for abnormal blood routine，white blood cell classification，and routine urine test in radiation workers（OR=1.579，2.497，95%CI 1.056-2.359，1.782-3.500）. Compared with the working years 0-<10 years，the working years of 20 years and above were risk factors for abnormal lens of the eye in radiation workers（OR=8.310，95%CI：1.700-40.611）. Compared with compartment operation，near-table operation was the risk factor for abnormal lens of the eyes in radiation workers（OR=10.405，95%CI：3.679-29.426）. Compared with diagnostic radiology（2A），nuclear medicine（2C） was the risk factor for abnormal liver function in radiation workers（OR=7.877，95%CI：3.094-20.052），radiotherapy（2D） was a risk factor for abnormal routine urine test in radiation workers（OR=1.718，95%CI：1.098-2.688），interventional radiology（2E） was the risk factor for abnormal liver function in radiationworkers（OR=3.306，95%CI：1.511-7.233），other（2F） was the risk factor for abnormal liver function in radiation workers（OR=1.192，95%CI：1.024-3.572）. Conclusion The way of exposure to ionizing radiation and the type of occupational radiation can affect the occupational health of radiation workers in Xinjiang. It is necessary to strengthen the routine detection of radiation hygiene and individual protection.

Impact of emotional regulation and psychological flexibility of orthopedic nurses on occupational burnout

WEN Xiaomiao, ZHANG Ying, YANG Xiao

2026, 42(8):  1020-1024. 

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Objective To investigate the effects of emotion regulation and psychological flexibility on job burnout of orthopedic nurses，and provide objective scientific evidence for improving the job burnout level of orthopedic nurses and improving clinical nursing work efficiency. Methods A convenient sampling method was used to select 176 orthopedic nurses from 11 grade-A tertiary hospitals in Hebei Province as the survey subjects from January to February 2025. The emotion regulation scale，psychological flexibility scale and occupational burnout scale were used to investigate emotion regulation，psychological flexibility and occupational burnout. Pearson correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between emotion regulation，psychological flexibility and occupational burnout. Results The emotional regulation score of orthopedic nurses was （45.68±7.85） points，the psychological flexibility score was （60.75±11.58）points，and the occupational burnout score was （61.71±12.54）points. There were statistically significant differences in emotional regulation，psychological flexibility and occupational burnout scores among orthopedic nurses of different ages，professional titles，years of clinical nursing work experience，average monthly income and average monthly night shift frequency（all P<0.05）. The occupational burnout of orthopedic nurses was negatively correlated with emotional regulation and psychological flexibility（r=-0.482，-0.602，both P<0.01），while psychological flexibility was positively correlated with emotional regulation（r=0.547，P<0.01）. Emotional regulation and psychological flexibility could jointly explain 33.10% of the variation in occupational burnout among orthopedic nurses. Conclusion Orthopedic nurses have a high level of occupational burnout，and emotional regulation and psychological flexibility have a negative impact on occupational burnout. Nursing management can reduce the level of occupational burnout among orthopedic nurses by improving their emotional regulation ability and psychological flexibility.

Correlation analysis among team performance pressure，psychological capital and job burnout of vascular surgery nurses

CHEN Zheng, DONG Chen, ZHANG Xue, XU Ying, YANG Zheng, XIE Dandan

2026, 42(8):  1025-1029. 

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Objective To understand the current state of team performance pressure，psychological capital and job burnout of vascular surgery nurses and analyze their correlation，study the mediating role of psychological capital between team performance pressure and job burnout，and to provide objective reference evidence for reducing the level of job burnout of vascular surgery nurses. Methods From January to February 2025，184 vascular surgery nurses from 15 tertiary general hospitals in Hebei Province were selected as the survey subjects by random number table method. The team performance pressure scale，psychological capital scale and job burnout scale were used for investigation，and the data were analyzed. Results The scores of team performance stress，psychological capital and job burnout of 184 vascular surgery nurses were （30.54±6.82），（92.46±16.84） and （60.48±11.72）points，respectively. There were statistically significant differences in the scores of team performance stress，psychological capital and job burnout among vascular surgery nurses with different age，professional and technical level，clinical nursing working hours，average monthly income，average weekly working hours and marital status（all P<0.05）. There was statistically significant difference in the scores of team performance stress among vascular surgery nurses with different staffing situations（P<0.05）. The job burnout of vascular surgery nurses was positively correlated with team performance pressure（r=0.618，P<0.01），while job burnout and team performance pressure were negatively correlated with psychological capital（r=-0.576，-0.582，both P<0.01）. The team performance pressure of vascular surgery nurses could indirectly affect job burnout through psychological capital，and the mediating effect value was 0.297，accounting for 50.86% of the total effect. Conclusion The team performance pressure and job burnout of vascular surgery nurses are at a high level. Team performance pressure can indirectly affect job burnout through psychological capital. Reducing the level of team performance pressure and improving the level of psychological capital are conducive to reducing the level of job burnout of vascular surgery nurses.

Impact of work family gain and psychological capital on occupational burnout among emergency department nurses in grade-A tertiary comprehensive hospitals

GU Meng, CHEN Feng, CAO Yun

2026, 42(8):  1030-1034. 

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Objective To investigate the impact of work family gain and psychological capital on occupational burnout among emergency department nurses in grade-A tertiary comprehensive hospitals，and to explore the mediating role of psychological capital. Methods From September to November 2024，a convenience sampling method was used to select survey subjects. A questionnaire survey was conducted on 196 nurses in the emergency departments of six grade-A tertiary comprehensive hospitals in Nanjing City using the work family gain scale，psychological capital scale，and occupational burnout scale，and the data were analyzed. Results The work family gain，psychological capital，and occupational burnout scores of 196 emergency department nurses in this group were （44.64±7.28），（91.15±18.76），and （60.58±12.52）points，respectively. The main influencing factors of work family gain for emergency department nurses were age，years of work experience，professional title，monthly income，and frequency of night shifts per month（all P<0.05）. The main influencing factors of psychological capital were age，years of work experience，professional title，monthly income，and frequency of night shifts per month（all P<0.05）. The main influencing factors of occupational burnout were age，years of work experience，professional title，monthly income，and frequency of night shifts per month（all P<0.05）. The occupational burnout of emergency department nurses was negatively correlated with work family gain and psychological capital（r=-0.608，-0.584，both P<0.01），while work family gain was positively correlated with psychological capital（r=0.566，P<0.01）. The psychological capital of emergency department nurses partially mediated the relationship between work family gain and occupational burnout，with a mediation effect value of -0.245，accounting for 41.88%. Conclusion The occupational burnout of emergency department nurses is at a high level. Improving the work family gain and psychological capital level of emergency department nurses is beneficial for reducing their occupational burnout level and improving their physical and mental health.

A conceptual framework of factors influencing job burnout among administrative staff in Tianjin public hospitals：Based on grounded theory

DONG Jie, YOU Ruike, ZHANG Yu

2026, 42(8):  1035-1039. 

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Objective To explore the current situation of job burnout among administrative managers in public hospitals and its influencing factors，and construct a theoretical framework of its mechanism of action，so as to provide a basis for formulating targeted management intervention strategies，enhancing the enthusiasm of employees and the efficiency of hospital management. Methods From April to June 2025，24 administrative managers from 20 public hospitals of different grades in Tianjin City were selected for semi-structured interviews. Based on the grounded theory research method，the interview contents were encoded and analyzed using the Nvivo 11 qualitative analysis tool. The research constructed a theoretical framework for the influencing factors of job burnout among administrative managers in public hospitals through open coding，main axis coding and selective coding. Results A total of over 120 initial concepts，15 categories and 5 main categories were formed. The influencing factors of job burnout include five main categories：salary and promotion system，organizational culture and environment，work pressure and decision-making，interpersonal relationships and support，and individual psychological adjustment and development. These can be further summarized into three levels：external pressure context，organizational support context，and individual internal context.The theoretical saturation test did not reveal any new categories，and the model structure was stable. Conclusion To alleviate the job burnout of administrative staff in public hospitals，enhance their work enthusiasm and the management efficiency of the hospital，efforts should be made from aspects such as improving the salary and promotion mechanism，optimizing the working environment，fostering a supportive culture，and enhancing the psychological adjustment ability of employees.

Effects of role breadth self-efficacy and career resilience on job burnout in geriatric nurses

QIN Yi, SUN Lu, QIAN Lei, XU Jie, DA Jing

2026, 42(8):  1040-1044. 

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Objective To understand the effects of role breadth self-efficacy and career resilience on job burnout of geriatric nurses，and to provide a reference for reducing the level of job burnout of geriatric nurses. Methods From August to December 2024，a total of 196 geriatric nurses from 15 tertiary general hospitals in Jiangsu Province were selected as the survey subjects by random sampling method（random number table method）. The role breadth self-efficacy scale，career resilience scale and job burnout scale were used to investigate and analyze the correlation between the three. Results The role breadth self-efficacy score of the 196 geriatric nurses was （24.58±5.21）points，the career resilience score was （82.76±10.28）points，and the job burnout score was （62.27±11.53）points. The role breadth self-efficacy of geriatric nurses was statistically significant different in gender，age，nursing work hours，education level，professional and technical titles，marital status，average monthly income，and average number of night shifts per month（all P<0.05）. The career resilience and job burnout of geriatric nurses were statistically significant different in age，nursing work hours，professional and technical titles，average monthly income，and average number of night shifts per month（all P<0.05）. Role breadth self-efficacy and career resilience were negatively correlated with job burnout（r=-0.511，-0.492，both P<0.01），while role breadth self-efficacy was positively correlated with career resilience（r=0.584，P<0.01）. Career resilience played a partial mediating role between role breadth self-efficacy and job burnout in geriatric nurses，with a mediating effect value of -0.206，accounting for 32.49% of the total effect. Conclusion Career resilience plays a partial mediating role in the effect of role breadth self-efficacy on job burnout of geriatric nurses，and can reduce job burnout by improving role self-efficacy and career resilience of geriatric nurses.

Research on job burnout models of outpatient nurses and medical guides based on structural equation model

ZHANG Meng, LIU Yan, ZHAO Haitao, WANG Qiqi, YANG Huali

2026, 42(8):  1045-1049. 

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Objective To investigate the level of job burnout among outpatient nurses，and to explore the relationship between job burnout，social support，and anxiety，aiming to provide a theoretical basis for the development of targeted intervention measures. Methods From July to August 2024，a cluster sampling method was used to recruit 180 outpatient nurses and medical guides on duty. The Maslach burnout inventory（MBI），self-rating anxiety scale（SAS），and social support rating scale（SSRS） were used to assess job burnout，anxiety，and social support，respectively. Structural equation modeling was applied to explore the pathway relationships among these three factors. Results Among the outpatient nurses and medical guides，the emotional exhaustion score was 2.00（1.20，3.50）points，indicating moderate burnout. The depersonalization score was 1.50（0.50，3.00）points，and the reduced personal accomplishment score was 1.67（0.25，5.00）points，both indicating mild burnout. The score for social support was 39.00（33.00，45.0）points，and the score for anxiety self-assessment was 48.00（37.00，56.00） points，with 42.22% of the respondents identified as having anxiety risk. Social support had a significant negative predictive effect on anxiety（β=-0.581，P<0.01）. Anxiety had a significant positive predictive effect on job burnout（β=0.797，P<0.01）. Social support exerted a significant negative indirect effect on job burnout through the mediating role of anxiety（β=-0.365，95%CI：-0.558--0.243）. Conclusion Emotional exhaustion is the main contributor to job burnout among outpatient nurses and medical guides. Social support is inversely related to anxiety risk，and its effect on job burnout is primarily indirect，mediated by anxiety. Establishing a three-tiered "light complaint" resolution system and providing regular training can help staff improve professional skills and the ability to manage doctor-patient relationships，thereby enhancing their capacity to cope with complex outpatient situations and improving the quality of medical services and work efficiency.

Therapeutic effect of total flavonoids from Ginkgo biloba on secretory otitis media in rats after occupational noise exposure and the impact on the cochlear TLR9-Nrf2 signaling pathway

CHENG Yu, LIU Yan

2026, 42(8):  1050-1056. 

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Objective To investigate the therapeutic effect of total flavonoids of Ginkgo biloba on secretory otitis media in rats after occupational noise exposure and its influence on the toll-like receptor 9（TLR9）-erythroid cell 2-related factor 2（Nrf2） signaling pathway in the cochlea，in order to elucidate the pathological mechanism of occupational noise exposure on secretory otitis media and provide reference for the development of new drugs for the treatment of secretory otitis media after noise exposure. Methods Animal experiments were conducted from February to June 2024，with 40 Wistar rats divided into a normal control group，a model control group，and a low-dose and high-dose group of total flavonoids of Ginkgo biloba. Except for the normal control group，the rats in the other groups were exposed to 10 kHz octave noise at 100 dB sound pressure level（SPL） to establish the secretory otitis media model after noise exposure. After that，the drug groups were given corresponding drug interventions，and the normal control group and the model control group were given an equal volume of normal saline. The treatment period was 2 weeks. After the treatment，the auditory brainstem response（ABR） threshold level，interleukin-6（IL-6），tumor necrosis factor-α（TNF-α），active oxygen（ROS），and malondialdehyde（MDA） levels in the cochlear tissue of the rats were measured，and the mRNA protein levels of TLR9 and Nrf2 in the cochlear tissue were detected by real-time fluorescence reverse transcription and Western blotting. Results The levels of ABR and IL-6，TNF-α，ROS and MDA in cochlear tissue in model control group were increased to （90.04±3.23）dBSPL，（687.21±53.21）pg/mL，（459.56±40.00）pg/mL，（841.20±65.22）U/mg and （925.32±85.25）nmol/mg，respectively，which were significantly higher than those in the normal control group，and the differences were statistically significant（all P<0.05）. However，those in the high-dose group of Ginkgo flavonoids were significantly decreased to （114.53±2.18）dBSPL，（232.25±30.22） pg/mL，（208.25±23.33）pg/mL，（426.39±38.54）U/mg and（469.55±44.94）nmol/mg，the differences were statistically significant （all P<0.05），and the regulatory effect of the high-dose group was significantly better than that of the low-dose group，the differences were statistically significant（all P<0.05）. Noise exposure significantly upregulated the expression of TLR9 mRNA（3.19±0.53 vs 0.38±0.07） and protein（1.25±0.12 vs 0.12±0.02） in the cochlea，significantly higher than the normal control group；Simultaneously inhibited the levels of Nrf2 mRNA（0.47±0.09 vs 3.38±0.62） and protein（0.20±0.03 vs 1.25±0.08），significantly lower than the normal control group，with statistically significant differences（all P<0.05）. After intervention with total flavonoids from Ginkgo biloba，the mRNA and protein levels of TLR9 in the high-dose group decreased to 1.63±0.29 and 0.56±0.04，respectively，while the mRNA and protein levels of Nrf2 increased to 2.63±0.44 and 0.86±0.07，respectively，with statistically significant differences（all P<0.05）. Moreover，the regulatory effect of the high-dose group was significantly better than that of the low-dose group，and the differences were statistically significant（all P<0.05）. Conclusion Ginkgo total flavonoids can significantly improve hearing loss caused by noise exposure，reduce pathological damage to the cochlea and middle ear，inhibit inflammatory response，and enhance anti-oxidative stress ability. The mechanism is that ginkgo total flavonoids block TLR9 expression and then activate Nrf2 expression.

Comparative study of thyroid damaging effects of 6：2 polyfluoroalkyl phosphate diester in rats and mice via the Keap1/Nrf2/HO-1 pathway

ZHANG Xinxuan, QI Xinxin, CONG Meili, LIU Jincun, SUN Hongguang, LIU Tao

2026, 42(8):  1057-1064. 

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Objective To investigate thyroid damage in rats and mice exposed to different doses of 6：2 polyfluoroalkyl phosphate diester（6：2diPAP），explore the effects of 6：2diPAP on thyroid dysfunction and oxidative stress and the possible mechanisms. Methods Fifteen female SD rats and 15 female C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into a blank control group，a solvent control group，and a 6：2 diPAP low，medium，and high exposure group（0.5，5.0 and 50.0 μg/kg），with three mice in each group，and were dyed by gavage for 21 days. The levels of free triiodothyronine（FT3），free thyroxine（FT4），and thyrotropin（TSH） in serum were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbnent assay（ELISA），and the activities of superoxide dismutase（SOD） and catalase（CAT） and the content of malondialdehyde（MDA） in thyroid tissues were determined by chemical assay kits，and the possible mechanism of action of thyroid damage caused by the exposure of 6：2diPAP was investigated using Western blot assay. Results Exposure to 6：2diPAP caused thyroid dysfunction in rats and mice. The ELISA results showed that，compared to the control and solvent control groups，high exposure to 6：2diPAP decreased serum levels of FT3[（5.49±0.70）pg/mL] and FT4[（8.66±0.43）pg/mL]，and increased TSH[（9.13±1.33）ng/mL] levels in rats（P<0.05）. In mice，no statistically significant differences were observed in these hormone indicators（P>0.05）.Further analysis showed that high exposure to 6∶2diPAP significantly inhibited SOD[（82.49±4.27）U/mgprot] and CAT[（1.26±0.19）U/mgprot] activities and led to increased MDA[（2.34±0.24）μmol/gprot] concentrations in rat thyroid tissue（P<0.05）. In mice，SOD[（13.90±1.48）U/mgprot] and CAT[（9.72±1.14）U/mgprot] showed a downward trend and MDA[（2.15±0.10）μmol/gprot] showed an upward trend，but the differences were not statistically significant（P>0.05）. Western blot results showed that 6∶2diPAP high exposure significantly down-regulated the expression levels of kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1（Keap1）（0.73±0.12），nuclear factor E2-related factor 2（Nrf2）（0.60±0.29），and heme oxygenase-1 （HO-1）（0.66±0.07） proteins in the thyroid tissues of rats（P<0.05）.Nrf2（0.55±0.27） protein expression in mouse thyroid tissue was also significantly decreased（P<0.05）. Conclusions 6∶2diPAP exposure may trigger thyroid dysfunction by stimulating oxidative stress，with rats showing greater sensitivity. The underlying mechanism of action may be related to the suppression of the Keap1/Nrf2/HO-1 antioxidant defense pathway and a consequent reduction in antioxidant capacity.

Study on effect of 40 Hz auditory stimulation on cognitive function in AD mice and its mechanism

DAI Xinyu, SHE Xiaojun, MA Kefeng, FU Bo, ZHAO Fenghong, CUI Bo

2026, 42(8):  1065-1070. 

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Objective To analyze the effects of 40 Hz auditory stimulation on the learning and memory ability，amyloid precursor proteins，phosphorylated tau proteins，synapticproteins，inflammatory factors，and brain-derived neurotrophic factor（BDNF）/tyrosine kinase receptor B（TrkB） pathway proteins in hippocampal tissue in sleep deprived mice，explore the mechanism of 40 Hz auditory stimulation to improve cognitive impairment induced by sleep deprivation. Methods Totally 18 C57BL/6j male mice were randomly divided into control group，the Alzheimer's disease（AD） model group，Alzheimer's disease model +40 Hz auditory stimulation （AD+40 Hz） group，six in each group. AD mouse model was constructed by intraperitoneal injection of D-galactose and gavage of AlCl₃. The AD+40 Hz group mice were stimulated with 40 Hz auditory stimulation for 14 days after model construction. The new object recognition（NOR） and Y maze were used to evaluate the cognitive function of mice in each group. The Western blotting was used to detect the protein expression levels of amyloid precursor protein（APP），p-Tau-S404，glial fibrillary acidic protein（GFAP），postsynaptic density protein 95（PSD95），synaptophysin（Syp），brain derived neurotrophic factor（BDNF） and tyrosine kinase receptor B（TrkB） in the prefrontal cortexand hippocampus. The quantitative real-time PCR（RT-qPCR） was used to detectthe expression levels of proinflammatory factors interleukin-1β（IL-1β） and tumor necrosis factor-α（TNF-α） mRNA in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. Results Compared with the control group，the proportion of distance and duration of mice in the Y maze in the AD group was significantly reduced，and the differences were statistically significant（all P<0.05）. The expression levels of APP and p-Tau-S404 protein and the levels of IL-1β and TNF-α mRNA in theprefrontal cortex and hippocampus were significantly increased，and the differences were statistically significant（all P<0.05）.The expression level of GFAP protein in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus were significantly decreased，and the differences were statistically significant（all P<0.05），the expression levels of PSD95，Syp，BDNF，and TrkB protein were significantly decreased（all P<0.05）.Compared with the AD group，the proportion of distance and duration of mice in the Y maze in AD+40 Hz group were increased significantly，and the differences were statistically significant（all P<0.05）. The expression levels of APP and p-Tau-S404 protein and the levels of IL-1β and TNF-α mRNA in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus were significantly decreased，and the differences were statistically significant（all P<0.05）.The expression level of GFAP protein was significantly decreased（P<0.05），the expression levels of PSD95，Syp，BDNF，and TrkB protein were significantly increased，and the differences were statistically significant（all P<0.05）. Conclusion 40 Hz auditory stimulation can improve the pathological changes of β-amyloid protein and phosphorylated tau protein in AD mice，and improve synaptic plasticity in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus by regulating the BDNF/TrkB signaling pathway，thereby improving cognitive impairment caused by AD.

Determination of trihalomethanes and carbon tetrachloride as disinfection by-products in drinking water by headspace gas chromatography and evaluation of measurement uncertainty

LU Bianfang

2026, 42(8):  1071-1077. 

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Objective To establish a headspace capillary gas chromatography method for the determination of disinfection by-products（trihalomethanes and carbon tetrachloride） in drinking water，provide a reference for establishing methods to detect the concentrations of trihalomethanes and carbon tetrachloride in drinking water. Methods The standard series were prepared，and multiple batches of water samples were analyzed under optimized conditions. The characteristic parameters including method detection limit，relative standard deviation（RSD） for repeatability，and spike recovery were verified，and measurement uncertainty at different concentration levels were evaluated. Results The calibration curves for trihalomethanes and carbon tetrachloride（0-6.00 or 0-10.0 μg/L） showed correlation coefficients of 0.997-0.999. The method detection limits（MDL） and lower limits of quantification（LLOQ） were calculated using three approaches. The MDL and LLOQ by the Standard Examination Methods for Drinking Water-Part 3：Quality Control for Water Analysis（GB/T 5750.3-2023） Clauses 6.4.1 and 6.5 were the highest，which the MDL and LLOQ for trichloromethane were 0.046 and 0.138 μg/L，carbon tetrachloride were 0.023 and 0.069 μg/L，monobromodichloromethane were 0.028 and 0.084 μg/L，sibromochloromethane were 0.033 and 0.099 μg/L，and tribromomethane were 0.046 and 0.138 μg/L，respectively. The MDL and LLOQ by the Standard Examination Methods for Drinking Water-Part 3：Quality Control for Water Analysis（GB/T 5750.3-2023） Clauses 6.4.2.2 and 6.5 for trichloromethane were 0.021 and 0.063 μg/L，carbon tetrachloride were 0.002 and 0.006 μg/L，bromodichloromethane were 0.008 and 0.024 μg/L，dibromochloromethane were 0.015 and 0.045 μg/L，and tribromomethane were 0.045 and 0.135 μg/L，respectively. The repeatability RSD and spike recoveries at different concentration levels were 0.4%-6.7% and 84%-110% respectively. The relative expanded uncertainty（at a 95%CI，k=2） were 18.6%-30.0% for trihalomethanes and carbon tetrachloride in drinking water. Conclusions This method is rapid，easy to operate，and has low relative deviation，high recovery rates，which is suitable for determining trihalomethanes and carbon tetrachloride in drinking water. The measurement uncertainty primarily stems from gas chromatographic analysis. To reduce its uncertainty levels，regular instrument intermediate checks and maintenance，and operator training should be implemented.

Analysis on heavy metal pollution in algae food in Tianjin City

LIU Liying, LIU Xi, PAN Wenwei, YANG Yin, LI Ying

2026, 42(8):  1078-1081. 

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Objective To understand the levels of heavy metal pollution in algal food in Tianjin City，so as to provide data support for food safety supervision and guide the development of targeted control measures. Methods From June to August 2024，a total of 600 batches of four types of algae food，including bulk algae dry products，packaged algae dry products，seasoning nori seaweed and nori steamed rice，were selected from six districts in urban，suburban and suburban areas of Tianjin City，two from each area. The contents of heavy metals such as lead，aluminum，cadmium，and arsenic in algal food were determined，to comprehensively analyze the pollution level of heavy metals. Results The pollution of aluminum and cadmium in the algal food was the most serious in Tianjin City，with over-standard rates of 26.0% and 21.0%，respectively. In terms of food categories，the aluminum in bulk algae dry products with the highest over-standard rate was as high as 46.8%. Geographically，the over-standard rate of heavy metals in urban，suburban and rural areas were 22.4%（47/210），41.1%（74/180） and 48.1%（101/210），respectively. The over-standard rate of heavy metals in suburban and rural areas were significantly higher than that in urban areas（P<0.05）. From the food sampling link，the overall over-standard rate in the circulation link was 41.6%（208/500），which was higher than 14.0%（14/100） in the catering link，and the difference was statistically significant（P<0.05）. Conclusions The results of this study show that there is a certain risk of heavy metal contamination in algal food sold in Tianjin City. It is recommended to improve the standard system and supervision system of algal food，improve the detection level，and increase the public's awareness of food safety to fully ensure people's algal food safety.

Analysis of Salmonella infection and drug resistance in foodborne diseases in Binhai New Area of Tianjin City from 2015 to 2023

LIU Qin, ZHAO Miaomiao, WANG Xuejiao, YANG Lan, ZHAO Xilu

2026, 42(8):  1082-1086. 

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Objective To analyze the incidence of Salmonella infection and antibiotic resistance of foodborne disease patients in Binhai New Area of Tianjin City from 2015 to 2023，and provide a basis for the prevention and control of foodborne diseases and the scientific use of antibiotics. Methods Samples of foodborne disease patients in Binhai New Area of Tianjin City were collected according to the "Foodborne Disease Surveillance Work Manual"，and Salmonella was detected，serum typing and drug sensitivity tests were conducted，and the data were analyzed. Results A total of 4 553 samples of foodborne disease patients were collected from 2015 to 2023，and 230 Salmonella strains were detected，the detection rate was 5.05%，and the detection rate showed an increasing trend（χ²_trend=4.78，P<0.05）. The detection rates of the first，second，third and fourth quarters were 9.76%，7.42%，4.80% and 2.77%，respectively，and the seasonal index of the third quarter was the highest（2.1）. The detection rates of the 0-<6，6-<18，18-<60，and ≥60 age groups were 12.94%，5.14%，3.52%，and 4.78%，respectively. Eggs and egg products（18.75%） were the main suspected foods causing Salmonella foodborne illness，and street stalls/food shops were the main places causing Salmonella foodborne illness. Salmonella could be divided into 24 serotypes，the high serotypes were Salmonella enteritidis（2.02%） and Salmonella typhimurium（0.79%）. The number of drug-resistant strains was 176，and the overall drug resistance rate was 87.13%，and the overall drug resistance rate showed an increasing trend（χ²_trend=9.347，P<0.01）. The highest drug resistance rates were nalidixic acid（54.95%），ampicillin（53.96%） and tetracycline（38.61%），and the proportion of multi-drug resistant strains also showed an annual increasing trend（χ²_trend=14.311，P<0.01）. Conclusion The detection rate of salmonella in patients with foodborne diseases in Binhai New Area of Tianjin City from 2015 to 2023 is increasing year by year，with a high rate of multidrug resistance and serious drug resistance. Active surveillance of foodborne diseases and monitoring of salmonella drug resistance should be strengthened，and drug use should be carefully selected in livestock breeding and clinical treatment.

Analysis of the current status and influencing factors of SCL-90 scores for medical personnel in Fengxian District of Shanghai City

DAI Taofang, LU Gaofeng, TANG Haiying, YUAN Yuan

2026, 42(8):  1087-1093. 

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Objective To understand the mental health level and influencing factors of medical staff in Fengxian District of Shanghai City, and provide scientific basis for improving the mental health status of medical staff. Methods From November to December 2023, a questionnaire survey was conducted to collect symptom checklist-90（SCL-90） score data from 813 medical staff in Fengxian District of Shanghai City, and the data were analyzed. Results The total score of SCL-90 scale of medical staff in Fengxian District of Shanghai City was （132.56±54.13）points, and there was no statistically significant difference compared with the national norm in 2015. The scores of somatization, depression and photicanxiety were all higher than the national norm, while the scores of interpersonal sensitivity was lower than the national norm, and the differences were statistically significant（all P<0.05）. The positive detection rate of SCL-90 scale of medical staff in Fengxian District of Shanghai City was 36.7%, the top three positive screening factors were obsessive-compulsive（30.75%）, sleepdiet（24.11%） and depression（20.66%）. Shift work on weekends was the influencing factor of interpersonal sensitivity（OR=3.027, 95%CI：1.187-7.715）, depression（OR=2.988, 95%CI：1.265-7.055） hostility（OR=2.048, 95%CI：1.019-5.689） and paranoidideation（OR=2.886, 95%CI：1.020-8.617）；Frequent standing was the influencing factor of somatization（OR=1.919, 95%CI：1.163-3.166）, anxiety（OR=1.847, 95%CI：1.108-3.080）, photicanxiety（OR=2.002, 95%CI：1.099-3.646）, paranoidideation（OR=2.062, 95%CI：1.198-3.548） and psychoticism（OR=2.754, 95%CI：1.475-5.141）. Drinking before 30 days was the influencing factor of somatization（OR=1.854, 95%CI：1.187-2.897）, interpersonal sensitivity（OR=2.047, 95%CI：1.304-3.213）, depression（OR=1.838, 95%CI：1.196-2.825）, anxiety（OR=1.760, 95%CI：1.107-2.799）, hostility（OR=1.653, 95%CI：1.050-2.601）, photicanxiety（OR=1.943, 95%CI：1.142-3.306）, paranoidideation（OR=1.878, 95%CI：1.159-3.045） and psychoticism（OR=2.292, 95%CI：1.351-3.890）. Conclusion The overall mental health status of medical staff in Fengxian District of Shanghai City is good. It is necessary to pay attention to the influence of weekend shifts, frequent standing and drinking behavior on the positive rate of psychological symptom factors of medical staff.

Current status and correlation analysis of self-ability denial tendency，involution perception，and work withdrawal behavior among senior nurses

YAN Chunhua, ZHANG Na, LIU Juntao, HE Xiuping, YAN Weiwei

2026, 42(8):  1094-1098. 

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Objective To investigate the status of self-ability denial tendency，involution perception，and work withdrawal behavior among senior nurses and analyze the correlation among these factors. Methods From August to December 2024，senior nurses were conveniently selected from four tertiary hospitals in Beijing as the survey subjects. A general information questionnaire，self-ability denial tendency scale，involution perception scale，and work withdrawal behavior scale were used to conduct the survey，and the data were analyzed. Results The total score of 325 senior nurses for self-ability denial tendency was （40.02±10.63）points，for involution perception was （47.89±13.63）points，and for work withdrawal behavior was （29.31±9.04）points. Self-ability denial tendency，involution perception，and work withdrawal behavior were positively correlated（r=0.477，0.552，both P<0.01）. Mediation analysis showed that involution perception partially mediated the relationship between self-ability denial tendency and work withdrawal behavior，with a mediation effect of 0.206，accounting for 32.1% of the total effect. Conclusion Senior nurses exhibit a certain degree of work withdrawal behavior，which can be reduced by lowering self-ability denial tendency and involution perception.

Correlation analysis between clinical nurses' work connectivity behavior and work-family conflict

CHEN Lin, LYU Xiangui, LIU Dian, XU Xiaomei, WANG Xiaohui

2026, 42(8):  1099-1103. 

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Objective To explore the current status of clinical nurses' work connectivity behavior and work-family conflict，as well as the correlation between the two，in order to provide reference for improving the work connectivity behavior and work-family conflict of clinical nurses. Methods From December 2024 to January 2025，a convenience sample of 1 253 clinical nurses was recruited from 11 grade-A tertiary hospitals in Sichuan Province. A survey was conducted using a general information questionnaire，a work connectivity behavior scale，and a work family conflict scale，and the data were analyzed. Results The total score of clinical nurses' work connectivity behavior was （33.82±8.93）points，with an average item score of （2.60±0.69）points. The total score of work-family conflict was （46.96±15.05）points，with an average item score of （2.61±0.84）points. The clinical nurses' work connectivity behavior was positively correlated with work-family conflict（r=0.451，P<0.01），which explained 24.9% of the variation in work-family conflict among clinical nurses. Conclusion Both work connectivity behavior and work-family conflict among clinical nurses need to be improved，and the positive correlation between the two suggests that nursing managers can reduce work-family conflict by lowering work connectivity behavior.

Establishment of a competency model for public health physicians based on Healthy China Strategy

OUYANG Kongpong, LIN Xiaozhuan, GUO Honghui

2026, 42(8):  1104-1108. 

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Objective To establish a competency model for public health physicians that meets the needs of the Healthy China Strategy，provide a reference for cultivating high-level applied public health professionals. Methods The research analyzed the core competencies factors of public health physician using public health physicians as subjects. It is based upon literature study，questionnaire method and principal component analysis to construct a model of the competencies for public health physician. The questionnaires were collected from November 1，2022 to December 18，2022，and 506 valid questionnaires were obtained. Results There were six common factors of the model，including personal qualities，public health practice skills，public health knowledge，excellent skills，scientific research skills，media response and thinking ability. The KMO value was 0.955，the Bartlett sphericity test χ² value was 26 752.187，the degree of freedom was 1 326，the significance was P<0.05，and the cumulative contribution rate was 70.38%. Conclusion The competency model for public health physicians has a high degree of fit，which can provide new perspectives in the training and formation process of the public health physician team，and provide reference for the admission assessment of public health practitioners，recruitment of public health institutions，talent cultivation，personnel promotion and performance evaluation，salary design，and talent incentives.

Latent profile analysis of work-family support and thriving at work among operating room nurses

LI Ru, MA Wenjuan, XU Yueshu, LI Li

2026, 42(8):  1109-1116. 

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Objective To understand the latent categories of work-family support and work flourishing among operating room nurses，and analyze the characteristic differences and influencing factors among operating room nurses in different categories. Methods From October to December 2024，a stratified cluster sampling method was employed. Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region was divided into two geographical strata-Southern Xinjiang and Northern Xinjiang-based on regional boundaries. Two grade-A tertiary hospitals were randomly selected from each region，a total of 489 operating room nurses from 4 grade-A tertiary hospitals were surveyed using questionnaires covering general information，the mindfulness awareness scale，the work-family support scale，the perceived coaching leadership scale，the career calling scale，and the work flourishing scale，and the data were analyzed. Results The total mindfulness awareness score for operating room nurses was （67.38±13.04）points，the total work-family support score was （116.61±21.70）points，the total coaching leadership perception score was （79.70±18.98）points，the total career calling score was （48.62±8.81）points，and the work flourishing score was （54.85±9.18）points. Based on operating room nurses' work-family support and work flourishing scores，three latent categories were identified：the work-family support deficit-low flourishing group（108 individuals，22.09%），the work support compensation，family support deficit-moderate flourishing group（117 individuals，23.92%），and the work-family support empowerment-high flourishing group（264 individuals，53.99%）. Taking the work-family support-deficient/low-flourishing group as a reference，average daily work duration of 8-<11 hours（OR=4.627，P<0.05），mindfulness（OR=1.040，P<0.05），perceived coaching leadership（OR=1.056，P<0.01），and career calling level（OR=1.081，P<0.05） were all predictors for the moderate well-being group（work support compensation，family support deficit），and average daily work duration of 8-<11 hours（OR=8.449，P<0.05），mindfulness（OR=1.143，P<0.01），perceived coaching leadership（OR=1.218，P<0.01），and career calling（OR=1.213，P<0.01） were all predictors for the work-family support-empowered-high-prosperity group，while average monthly income of 0-<6 000 yuan（OR=0.475，P<0.01） was a predictor for the work-family support-deprived-low-prosperity group. Taking the work support compensation，family support deprivation-moderate well-being group as the reference，mindfulness （OR=1.099，P<0.01），perceived coaching leadership（OR=1.153，P<0.01），and career calling（OR=1.122，P<0.05） were all predictive factors for the work-family support enabling-high well-being group. Conclusion Significant heterogeneity exists among potential categories of work-family support and work flourishing among operating room nurses. Managers should implement targeted support interventions based on the influencing factors of different categories to optimize work-family support status and enhance work flourishing levels.

Analysis on mediating role of psychological resilience between medical staff's perceived stress and subjective well-being

WANG Yuqing, SUN Yao, LANG Liang, ZHANG Ru, LONG Yu, WANG Wei

2026, 42(8):  1117-1121. 

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Objective To understand the intrinsic relationship between psychological resilience，stress perception，and subjective well-being of medical staff，analyze the mediating role of psychological resilience in the relationship between perceived stress and subjective well-being among medical staff. Methods From August to October in 2024，506 medical workers from a grade-A tertiary general hospital in Tianjin City were recruited by Questionnaire Star. The self-designed questionnaire，perceived stress scale，simplified version of psychological resilience scale，and overall well-being scale were used to investigate the stress perception，psychological resilience，and subjective well-being of medical staff，and the data were analyzed. Results The perceived stress score of 506 medical workers was （34.05±9.43）points，the subjective well-being score was （71.56±9.15）points，and the psychological resilience score was （30.48±6.12）points. The perceived stress was negatively correlated with both subjective well-being（r=-0.732，P<0.01） and psychological resilience（r=-0.637，P<0.01），while subjective well-being was positively correlated with psychological resilience（r=0.551，P<0.01）. The psychological resilience of medical staff played a partial mediating role in the relationship between perceived stress and subjective well-being，with the mediating effect accounting for 39.84% of the total effect. Conclusions The psychological resilience of medical staff plays a partial mediating role between perceived stress and subjective well-being.It is suggested that hospital managers can take personalized interventions to fully mobilize the enthusiasm of medical staff，and can promote the improvement of subjective well-being by reducing the perceived stress of medical staff or improving their psychological resilience，so as to maintain the mental health of medical staff，thus improving their satisfaction with the hospital and promoting the high-quality development of the hospital.

Epidemiological survey of rabies exposed persons in Yi County of Baoding City from 2021 to 2023

YU Jian, ZHANG Jinguo, ZHANG Baozong, LI Jian, LI Xianglin, YANG Yanliang

2026, 42(8):  1122-1126. 

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Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of rabies exposed persons in Yi County of Baoding City，and provide scientific basis for rabies prevention and control. Methods Collect data on the spatial，temporal and population distribution of rabies exposed individuals，injured animals，methods of injury，exposure levels，and post exposure management in Yi County from 2021 to 2023，and the data were analyzed. Results From 2021 to 2023，there were 11 487 cases of rabies exposure in Yi County，with an average annual exposure rate of 781.94/100 000. With the increase of time，the exposure rate increased，but the difference was not statistically significant（χ²=4.552，P>0.05）. The male to female ratio was 1∶1.03 in the exposed population，with the highest number of exposed individuals were young adults（23.11%），followed by middle-aged adults（21.38%） and adolescents（19.72%），and the lowest number being young children（3.41%）. Farmers had the highest proportion in the occupation（62.61%），followed by students（19.47%）. In terms of educational background，junior high school education accounted for the largest proportion（34.35%），followed by primary school education（29.20%），and university education or above was the least（5.22%）. The locations of exposure，in descending order，were hands，legs，arms，feet，head and face，and torso. Rabies exposure occurred every month throughout the year，with exposure occurring mainly from May to October（59.27%）. The proportion of exposure living in cities（74.41%） was higher than that in rural areas（25.59%）. Dogs were the main animal causing injuries（64.03%），followed by cats（34.37%）. Scratches were the most common（62.04%），followed by bites（36.87%）. The main types of exposure were grade Ⅱ（50.30%） and grade Ⅲ（49.60%）. The vaccination rate of rabies vaccine after exposure was 99.61%（11 442/11 487），and the vaccination rate of rabies immunoglobulin for level III exposed individuals was 32.26%（1 838/5 697）. Conclusion In order to reduce the exposure rate of the population to animals such as dogs and cats and improve the vaccination rate of rabies immunization agents，it is necessary to strengthen the publicity of rabies prevention and control knowledge among the whole population，with a focus on strengthening the prevention and control of rabies among farmers，primary and secondary school students，and in summer. At the same time，strengthen the management of animals such as dogs and cats.

Health risk assessment and source apportionment of metals and metal-like elements in drinking water of Lu'an City

ZENG Yong, LI Pengfei, YANG Yang, WANG Xu, YANG Linsheng, LYU Yong

2026, 42(8):  1127-1131. 

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Objective To study the health risks of metal and metal-like（hereinafter referred to as “metal”） elements in drinking water in Lu'an City and analyze the potential pollution sources. Methods In 2024，drinking water samples of each quarter in Lu'an City were collected，including 311 factory water samples and 835 terminal water samples. Totally 21 metal elements in the drinking water were detected by the inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry（ICP-MS），and the descriptive statistics of the concentrations of metal elements in the drinking water of Lu'an City were conducted. The non-carcinogenic health risks of metal elements in drinking water were evaluated based on the risk assessment model in WS/T 777-2021“Technical Guidelines for Environmental Health Risk Assessment of Chemical Substances”. The possible pollution sources of metals in drinking water were identified by using the principal component analysis（PCA）. The contribution of pollution sources was quantitatively analyzed by using the absolute principal component score-multiple linear regression（APCS-MRL）. Results Except for a few samples where aluminium，iron，selenium，manganese and antimony exceeded the national drinking water hygiene limits，all the metal elements in the drinking water of Lu'an City were within the national drinking water hygiene limits. The non-carcinogenic health risks of the 13 metal elements in drinking water were all less than 1，which were 0.319 for adults and 0.257 for children respectively，and higher for adults than for children. The non-carcinogenic health risks of transdermal absorption were much lower than those of oral intake. The arsenic had the highest contribution rate to non-carcinogenic health risks，with contribution rates of 85.75% to adults and 84.57% to children，respectively. The source apportionment indicated that the possible pollution sources of metal elements in drinking water are natural pollution，industrial pollution，water plant pollution and agricultural pollution respectively，with contribution rates of 34.79%，15.82%，12.87% and 15.88% respectively. Conclusions The non-carcinogenic health risks of 13 metal elements in drinking water in Lu'an City are relatively low. Arsenic is the main pollutant of non-carcinogenic health risks of metal elements in drinking water. Natural pollution is the main source of metal elements in drinking water.

Correlation analysis between nomophobia and job burnout among nursing interns

HUANG Weirong, ZHANG Zhihui, YAN Manlin, LIU Juecen, XU Yating, LI Xianrong

2026, 42(8):  1132-1137. 

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Objective To investigate the current situation of nursing interns' nomophobia and job burnout，and explore their correlation. Methods A total of 141 nursing interns from a grade-A tertiary hospital in Luzhou City were selected by the convenience sampling method from August to October 2024，and the survey was conducted using the general information questionnaire，the nomophobia questionnaire-Chinese version，and Maslach burout inventory. Results The total score of nomophobia was（85.61±23.44） points，the scores of job burnout dimensions were as follows：emotional exhaustion dimension（37.06±12.41）points，depersonalization dimension（12.14±6.65）points，and personal accomplishment dimension（18.37±12.08）points. The total score of nomophobia was positively correlated with emotional exhaustion（r=0.702，P<0.01） and depersonalization dimension（r=0.446，P<0.01），while negatively correlated with the personal accomplishment dimension（r=-0.360，P<0.01）. Conclusions The nursing interns from a grade-A tertiary hospital in Luzhou City exhibit a moderate-to-high level of nomophobia，and a severe level of job burnout. The nomophobia can affect job burnout. The nursing managers can alleviate job burnout among interns by reducing their nomophobia，so as to improve the quality and safety of clinical nursing.

Analysis on professional identity current status and influencing factors among freshman undergraduate nursing students in traditional Chinese medicine colleges

LI Xiran, HU Chen, FAN Wenbin, ZHU Feng

2026, 42(8):  1138-1142. 

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Objective To investigate the current status of professional identity among freshman undergraduate nursing students in traditional Chinese medicine colleges，and analyze its influencing factors，so as to provide reference for undergraduate nursing education in traditional Chinese medicine colleges and universities. Methods A total of 302 freshman undergraduate nursing students were recruited by convenience sampling from a traditional Chinese medicine college in Chongqing in September 2024. The general information questionnaire，professional identity questionnaire for undergraduate students，and specialty circumstance questionnaire for undergraduate students were used to conduct the investigation，and the data were analyzed. Results The total score of professional identity of 302 freshman undergraduate nursing students was 86.00（79.00，92.00）points. The score of cognitive identity dimension，emotional identity dimension，behavior identity dimension，and fitness identity dimension were 19.00 （18.00，20.00），30.00（26.00，32.00），23.00（21.00，25.00），14.00（12.00，16.00）points，respectively. The major in humanities or science in high school，role models in the professional field，professional prospect status，professional values，and professional study environment entered into the regression equation（R²=0.637，F=19.893，P<0.01）. Conclusions The professional identity of 302 freshman undergraduate nursing students in Chongqing is at a upper moderate level，which is influenced by major in humanities or science in high school，nursing role model，professional prospect status，professional values，and professional study environment. The nursing educators in traditional Chinese medicine colleges should combine traditional Chinese medicine teaching and research resources to carry out professional identity education，pay attention to the guidance and demonstration role of professional role models in professional identity education，integrate discussions on the prospects and value of the profession，and attach importance to the construction of professional learning environment，so as to enhance the professional identity of undergraduate nursing freshmen.

Overview

Progress of research on occupational health risk assessment methods for chemical factors

WEI Yuan, ZHANG Haidong

2026, 42(8):  1143-1147. 

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There are many kinds of chemical factors exposed in the workplace，and the health effects of workers exposed to them are various. The scientific implementation of occupational health risk assessment（OHRA） is a key link to effectively identify and control occupational hazards. In view of the differences in physicochemical properties，exposure routes and toxicologyical mechanisms of different chemicals，it is very important to choose an appropriate assessment method.This study systematically sorted out the OHRA method system of chemical factors at home and abroad，it covers the typical international assessment models（such as the semi-quantitative risk assessment method for occupational exposure to chemical poisons in Singapore，the risk assessment method for occupational accidents and occupational diseases in Romania） and the methods recommended by the Chinese occupational health standard GBZ/T 298-2017“Technical Guidelines for Occupational health risk assessment of Chemical hazards in the Workplace” as well as some innovative methods. The characteristics，advantages and limitations of the above methods in assessing occupational health risks of seven types of chemical factors are explored，and the strategic suggestions on the optimal or combination methods for assessing occupational health risks of different types of chemical factors are put forward based on applied research. The results of this study aim to provide a reference value for the occupational health risk assessment of chemical factors in enterprises and provide a theoretical basis for occupational health professionals to improve the occupational health risk management ability in the workplace，to prevent occupational diseases more reasonably.

Social factors influencing prevalence of HIV/AIDS among middle-aged and elderly people in China

LIU Hao, TANG Xiyue, ZHANG Yufeng, CAO Ruoxuan, JIAN Ruilin, ZHU Yanfeng

2026, 42(8):  1148-1152. 

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In recent years，with the increase of AIDS infections among the middle-aged and elderly，this group has become one of the key focuses of AIDS prevention and control in China.The influencing factors of AIDS infection among the middle-aged and elderly mainly include biological factors，behavioral factors，and social factors.However，AIDS is not only affected by biological factors but also by social factors. Social factors，from a macro perspective，include economic development level，laws and politics，etc.，and from a micro perspective，include individual economic status，social capital，educational attainment，employment situation，population mobility，and social discrimination. This article reviews the influencing factors of AIDS prevalence among the middle-aged and elderly from the perspective of social factors，including policies，socio-economic factors，social cultural factors，social psychological factors，and social support. This is helpful to identify the key points that need to be focused on in the current AIDS epidemic among this group and further explore corresponding targeted intervention strategies，providing a scientific basis for innovating social management mechanisms to prevent and control AIDS.