Table of Content

01 April 2026, Volume 42 Issue 7

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Treatise

Impact of low-level welding fume exposure on arrhythmia among workers in Guangdong Province and analysis of related factors

PAN Weiyi, XIE Shen, LU Caixia, ZHANG Wangjian, HUANG Yongshun

2026, 42(7):  865-870. 

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Objective To assess the association between low-level welding fume exposure and arrhythmia in workers，and analyze its interaction with other occupational factors，in order to provide a theoretical basis for formulating more precise occupational health protection standards and reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases in employees. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted using key occupational monitoring data from 623 workers in Guangdong Province in 2023. Mixed-effects models were used to adjust for confounding factors，and stratified and interaction analyses were performed to identify susceptible populations. Results There was a significant correlation between low-level welding fume exposure and the risk of arrhythmia. For each interquartile range（IQR） increased in welding fume exposure，the risk of arrhythmia increased by 74.2%（OR=1.742，95%CI：1.292-2.348）. Among the stratification factors，there was a statistically significant difference in the interaction between work duration （>2.58-5.00 years） and exposure to welding fumes（P<0.05），males（OR=1.867，95%CI：1.348-2.587），workers aged 18-41 years（OR=1.799，95%CI：1.180-2.743），those with 0.33-2.58 years of work experience（OR=3.229，95%CI：1.596-6.533），individuals with an annual household income 0-<100 000 yuan（OR=1.938，95%CI：1.357-2.767），employees of domestic-funded enterprises（OR=1.767，95%CI：1.263-2.472），and those exposed to occupational noise（OR=1.775，95%CI：1.307-2.411） were more susceptible to the adverse effects of welding fume exposure on arrhythmia（all P<0.05）. Conclusion In practical occupational health monitoring，it is necessary to strengthen regular special examinations for key populations exposed to low-level welding fumes，in order to achieve early intervention and reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease of welding workers.

Analysis on distribution characteristics and cause of newly diagnosed occupational diseases in Chuxiong Yi Autonomous Prefecture from 2006 to 2024

WU Hongjuan, HU Liming, XIAO Chaoxiang, TU Rundan, BAI Guangping

2026, 42(7):  871-875. 

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Objective To analyze the distribution characteristics of newly diagnosed occupational disease cases in Chuxiong Yi Autonomous Prefecture from 2006 to 2024，and provide scientific basis for occupational disease prevention and treatment work. Methods The data of newly diagnosed occupational diseases network reports in Chuxiong Yi Autonomous Prefecture from 2006 to 2024 were collected，and statistical analysis was conducted on the distribution of disease types，populations，time periods，regions，industries，enterprise scales，and economic types. Results From 2006 to 2024，a total of 1 394 new cases of 11 kinds of occupational diseases in 6 categories were reported in Chuxiong Yi Autonomous Prefecture，with occupational pneumoconiosis accounting for 94.33% of the total cases，ranking first，while occupational chemical intoxication accounted for 5.24% of the total cases，ranking second. Male cases accounted for 99.14%，the average age[M（P₂₅，P₇₅）] of diagnosis was 46（41，51）years old，the occupational hazards factors exposure age[M（P₂₅，P₇₅）] was 10.29（5.58，18.42）years，the age of diagnosis was mainly distributed 40-<50 years old，and the occupational hazards factors exposure age was mainly 5-<15 years. From 2006 to 2014，the number of new cases showed a fluctuating upward trend，reaching a peak in 2014，followed by a fluctuating downward trend thereafter. The variation trend of pneumoconiosis cases was consistent with that of all occupational disease cases. The top three regions were Dayao County，Lufeng City and Chuxiong City. The cases were mainly concentrated in small and medium-sized private mining enterprises. Conclusion The occupational pneumoconiosis is the main disease of occupational disease in Chuxiong Yi Autonomous Prefecture，the occupational disease exhibits significant regional distribution，enterprise scale，and industry clustering characteristics. It's nessessary to take target measures to prevente the occurrence of new pneumoconiosis cases，ensure the treatment and rehabilitation of existing patients，and improve their quality of their life.

Monitoring and analysis of key occupational hazard factors of new energy vehicle manufacturers and traditional vehicle manufacturers in Guangzhou City from 2020 to 2024

CHEN Dehao, MAI Shiqi, HE Yinan, DENG Guanhua, CHENG Yongpeng, LIANG Jiabin

2026, 42(7):  876-880. 

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Objective To understand the current situation of occupational disease hazards and their differences between new energy vehicles manufacturing enterprises and traditional automobile manufacturing enterprises in Guangzhou City，and provide a basis for the prevention and control of occupational diseases in automobile manufacturing enterprises. Methods The monitoring report of occupational disease hazards of new energy vehicles manufacturing enterprises and traditional automobile manufacturing enterprises in Guangzhou City from 2020 to 2024 were selected for analysis. Results The total qualified rate of occupational disease hazard factor monitoring for new energy vehicles manufacturing enterprises was 98.4%，and that for traditional vehicle manufacturing enterprises was 97.1%，there was a statistically significant difference in the total qualified rate of monitoring occupational disease hazards between new energy vehicles manufacturing enterprises and traditional automobile manufacturing enterprises in Guangzhou City from 2020 to 2024（P<0.01），and there were statistically significant differences in the qualified rate of monitoring hazards between the two types of automobile manufacturing enterprises in 2021-2023 and in the large size of enterprises（all P<0.05）. Except for the painting workshop，there were statistically significant differences in the pass rate of hazardous factors in other workplaces（all P<0.01），and the rate of new energy automobile manufacturing enterprises was higher than that of traditional automobile manufacturing enterprises. There were statistically significant differences in the monitoring pass rates of physical factors and chemical factors of the two types of enterprises（all P<0.01），and the occupational disease hazards with the lowest pass rates was noise，and the difference in pass rates was statistically significant（P<0.01）. The monitoring pass rates of chemical factors and dust factors of the two types of enterprises were more than 99.0%. The unqualified chemical factors in new energy automobile enterprises were butyl acetate and xylene，and the unqualified dust factors were welding fume and other dust；the unqualified chemical factors in traditional automobile enterprises were butyl acetate，toluene and xylene，and the unqualified dust factors were welding fume. The difference in mean workplace noise between new energy vehicle manufacturing enterprises and traditional vehicle manufacturing enterprises over the five-year period was 0.5 dB（A）（P<0.01）. The workplace with the lowest qualified rate of noise monitoring in new energy vehicle enterprises was the welding workshop，with the qualified rate of 90.8%；the workplace with the lowest qualified rate of noise monitoring in traditional automotive enterprises was the stamping workshop，with the qualified rate of 85.0%. The workshop with the greatest difference in the average noise value between the two types of automotive manufacturing enterprises was the welding workshop，with a difference of 1.6 dB（A）（P<0.01）. Conclusion Noise is the main occupational disease hazard of new energy vehicles manufacturing enterprises and traditional automobile manufacturing enterprises in Guangzhou City. The construction of hazardous protective measures and occupational health supervision at workplaces of automobile manufacturing enterprises should be strengthened to improve the working environment and protect the occupational health of workers.

Analysis on the association between effort-reward imbalance and job burnout among standardized training students of general practice residents in tertiary public hospitals in Shandong Province

WANG Hao, CUI Nan, CHEN Xianghua

2026, 42(7):  881-886. 

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Objective To analyze the effort-reward imbalance and burnout of general practice residency training trainees（GPRT trainees） in tertiary public hospitals in Shandong Province，and to explore the relationship between the them，to provide a reference for improving negative factors such as burnout in GPRT trainees. Methods From July to August 2024，a questionnaire was designed based on the Maslach burnout inventory-general survey（MBI-GS） and the effort-reward imbalance（ERI）. A total of 519 GPRT trainees from 35 national level residential training bases in Shandong Province were selected as the research sample to analyze their current status of effort-reward imbalance and professional burnout. Stratified regression analysis was used to study the impact of effort-reward imbalance on burnout. Results The total score of the burnout for GPRT trainees was （2.09±1.17）points， which was at a moderate level. Age，marital status，year of training，training status and working hours were significant factors affecting burnout among GPRT trainees（all P<0.05）. The incidence of burnout among GPRT trainees was as high as 68.4%. Among them，33.5% of trainees had a effort-reward imbalance and 39.4% had a high load. The total burnout score of GPRT trainees in the state of effort-reward imbalance was significantly higher than that in the state of effort-reward equilibrium（t=-9.853，P<0.01），and the total burnout score in the state of high load was significantly higher than that in the state of normal load or low load（t=-6.227， P<0.01）. The results of stratified regression analysis concluded that the effort-reward imbalance and the degree of overload were significant predictors of the level of burnout among GPRT trainees，and the relationships showed positive trends（β=0.329，0.083，both P<0.05）. Conclusion Burnout and effort-reward imbalance are more common among GPRT trainees in tertiary public hospitals in Shandong Province，and effort-reward imbalance is a high-risk factor for burnout among GPRT trainees. It is recommended to further strengthen the transfer of knowledge and skills to GPRT trainees，enhance the level of concern of responsible mentors，and improve their work return through psychological counseling and workload reduction to slow down the occurrence of burnout.

Amalysis on correlation between hand-transmitted vibration operation of male workers with different traditional Chinese medicine constitution and peripheral nerve damage

CHEN Sizhi, ZHANG Danying, LIU Qingfeng, CHEN Likun

2026, 42(7):  887-891. 

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Objective To investigate the effects of hand-transmitted vibration on different traditional Chinese medicine（TCM） constitutions on peripheral nerve damage in male workers，and provide more scientific and personalized diagnosis and treatment plans for clinical practice. Methods A total of 317 male workers with hand-transmitted vibration who underwent occupational health examination in Guangdong Occupational Disease Prevention and Control Institute from 2023 to 2024 were selected as the study subjects by cluster sampling. The traditional Chinese medicine physique classification scale was used to investigate the subjects，and the data were analyzed. Results The average age was （40.63±7.00）years in 317 male patients with hand-transmitted vibration，and the average length of service was （11.81±7.10）years. In all kinds of TCM constitution distribution， the score of peace quality was the highest[（43.1±15.7）points]. The scores of Qi-deficiency，phlegm-dampness and damp-heat in different age groups were statistically significant（all P<0.05），and the scores of Qi-deficiency increased with the increase of age. There were statistically significant differences in the scores of peace quality，Yang deficiency quality，Yin deficiency quality，damp-heat quality，blood stasis quality，Qi stagnation quality and characteristic quality among different age groups（all P<0.05）. The scores of damp-heat quality， blood stasis quality，Qi stagnation quality and characteristic quality increased with the increase of length of service，while the scores of peace quality decreased with the increase of length of service. There were statistically significant differences in the scores of peace quality and Yin-deficiency between normal and damaged peripheral nerve groups（both P<0.05）. Among them，the score of Yin-deficiency was higher than that of normal group，while the score of peace quality was lower than that of normal group. The incidence of peripheral nerve damage was 27.44%. The top three incidence rates of peripheral nerve damage in various traditional Chinese medicine constitution types were Qi deficiency（18.39%），Yang deficiency（16.09%） and Qi stagnation（13.79%）. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that peace quality and damp-heat quality in biased constitution were the high-risk constitution for peripheral nerve damage in male workers exposed to hand-transmitted vibration（both P<0.05）. Conclusion The hand-transmitted vibration work can increase the risk of peripheral nerve damage in male workers with peace quality and damp-heat quality in biased constitution.

Investigation and relationship analysis of imposter phenomenon，perceived stress and job burnout among nurses in obstetrics and gynecology department

LI Xianlu, WU Haixiu

2026, 42(7):  892-896. 

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Objective To understand the current status and relationship of imposter phenomenon，perceived stress and job burnout among nurses in obstetrics and gynecology department，and to provide reference for the development of improvement measures. Methods The nurses from obstetrics and gynecology department of 3 grade-A tertiary hospitals in Shanghai City were enrolled as the research objects from January to March 2024. The general situation，imposter phenomenon，perceived stress and job burnout of obstetric and gynecological nurses were investigated by general situation questionnaire，Clance imposter phenomenon scale，perceived stress scale and job burnout scale，respectively. The relationship among imposter phenomenon，perceived stress and job burnout was analyzed. Results The scores of imposter phenomenon，perceived stress and job burnout of obstetrics and gynecology nurses were （41.26±7.15），（43.21±6.37） and （61.55±8.32）points，respectively. There were statistically significant differences in scores of imposter phenomenon among nurses with different age，marital status，working years，monthly income and professional titles（all P<0.05）. There were statistically significant differences in scores of perceived stress among nurses with different age，marital status，education level，working years，monthly income and professional titles（all P<0.05）. There were statistically significant differences in scores of job burnout among nurses with different age，marital status，working years，monthly income and professional titles（all P<0.05）. The imposter phenomenon of obstetric and gynecological nurses was positively correlated with perceived stress（r=0.631，P<0.01） and job burnout（r=0.594，P<0.01），and perceived stress was positively correlated with job burnout（r=0.613，P<0.01）. There was a mediating effect of perceived stress between imposter phenomenon and job burnout，with a mediating effect of 0.201，accounting for 35.83% of the total effect. Conclusion The imposter phenomenon，perceived stress and job burnout are at medium level in nurses of obstetrics and gynecology department，and three are closely related to each other in the 3 grade-A tertiany hospitals.

Analysis of radiation levels and protection management in radiological workplaces at pet hospitals in Beijing City

ZHAO Hongfeng, LI Jiejun, GAO Yanhui, XU Hui, HU Jianbo, WANG Lei

2026, 42(7):  897-900. 

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Objective To understand the current status of radiation levels and radiation protection management for radiological workers in pet hospitals in Beijing City，and provide scientific basis for improving the level of radiation protection management and the effectiveness of administrative supervision and law enforcement. Methods In 2024，46 pet hospitals equipped with veterinary X-ray devices in Beijing City were selected to investigate the management of radiological workers，as well as the configuration of protective equipment and facilities. Radiation levels in workplaces with veterinary X-ray devices were measured according to the relevant testing methods specified in GBZ 130-2020 "Requirements for Radiological Protection in Diagnostic Radiology"，and the data were analyzed. Results A total of 46 veterinary X-ray devices and 66 radiological workers from 46 pet hospitals in Beijing were investigated. The rates of personal dose monitoring，radiological protection knowledge training，and occupational health examinations were 95.9%，80.3%，and 72.7%，respectively. The configuration rates of warning light interlock devices，Chinese warning signs，and self-closing doors in workplaces were 95.7%，60.9%，and 8.7%，respectively. The configuration rates of radiological protective equipment，including lead rubber aprons，lead rubber caps，lead rubber neck covers，lead rubber gloves，and lead protective glasses were 95.7%，93.5%，91.3%，19.2%，and 2.2%，respectively. Radiation levels were measured in 46 equipment rooms. At some detection points，including the radiological worker's operating position，the operation room door，the equipment room door，and the adjacent eastern，southern，and northern areas of the equipment room，the ambient dose equivalent rate was >25 μSv/h，with a maximum value of 145 μSv/h. The estimated annual effective dose was less than 0.25 mSv，indicating that the protection of all equipment rooms met the standards. For the four detection points in the radiological worker soperational areas，pairwise comparisons of the ambient dose equivalent rates were conducted using the Wilcoxon rank-sum test. Among them，statistically significant differences were found between the radiological worker's operating position and both the operation room door and the equipment room door（both P<0.05）. Conclusion Certain deficiencies exist in some veterinary hospitals in Beijing City regarding the implementation of established radiation safety management protocols and responsibilities，and it is recommended to strengthen and fully implement radiation safety management work.

Occupational health risk assessment of dust in key industries in Jiangxi Province

AI Linfang, LAI Yun, TIAN Yue, LIU Xiaozhen, XIE Jinming

2026, 42(7):  901-905. 

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Objective Based on the monitoring data of workplaces in Jiangxi Province in 2024，multimodel approaches were employed to assess the occupational health risks of silica dust，coal dust，cement dust，and welding fumes，to provide a basis for precise prevention and control. Methods A total of 2 315 employers were included，with occupational dust data collected from 495 silica dust related，88 coal dust related. The GBZ/T 298-2017 "Technical Guidelines for Occupational Health Risk Assessment of Chemical Hazardous Factors in the Workplace"，semi quantitative method and the International Council on Mining and Metals（ICMM） quantitative model were used to evaluate risks in the top 5 regions/industries with the highest over-standard rates and the top 20 job positions. Results Silica dust posed the highest risk in the four dust：In regions like Nanchang and Jiujiang，and industries such as coal mining，GBZ/T 298-2017 assessed the risk as high risk，while the ICMM model upgraded it to intolerable risk；Positions involving blasting and cleaning had the highest median time-weighted average concentration（C_TWA） of 1.71 mg/m³ and a 100.00% over-standard rate，all classified as intolerable risk by ICMM. Coal dust presented moderate risk：In regions like Jiujiang，GBZ/T 298-2017 rated the risk as moderate risk，while ICMM reclassified it as high risk. Cement dust and welding fumes：GBZ/T 298-2017 evaluated them as low risk，but ICMM classified both as high risk. The model discrepancy stemmed from ICMM's inclusion of multidimensional factors. Conclusion Silicon dust prevention and control should be prioritized，and ventilation，dust removal，process improvement，and personal protection should be strengthened in high-risk areas and industries such as Nanchang and Jiujiang. Continuous monitoring is required for coal dust，cement dust，and welding fumes. Integrating multiple models is recommended to optimize risk assessments and dynamically adjust prevention strategies，reducing occupational health risks such as pneumoconiosis.

Evolutionary mutation analysis of hemagglutinin gene of influenza A（H3N2） virus in Tangshan City

YANG Qiuyue, SUN Shiping, TIAN Bingchao

2026, 42(7):  906-911. 

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Objective To analyze the cluster spectrum and functional-associated mutation characters of the hemagglutinin（HA） gene of influenza A（H3N2） virus in Tangshan City from 2014 to 2024. Methods A total of 23 influenza A（H3N2） virus strains in Tangshan City were selected based on the sample collection time. Phylogenetic tree of HA gene was constructed with MEGA software，BioEdit software was used for alignments of amino acid sequences to find mutations on antigenic sites，receptor binding domains，and N-potential glycosylation sites. Homologous model for 2a.3a.1（J.3） sub branch strain monitored in 2024 and the vaccine strain A/Darwin/9/2021 of the same year were constructed to analyze the conformational variation at mutation sites. Results The distribution of influenza A（H3N2） virus strains in Tangshan City of Hebei Province from 2014 to 2024 was divided into 8 branches： 3C.3a，3C.3b，3C.2a1，3C.2a2，3C.2a1b.1a，1a.1，2a.3b，2a.3a.1（J）. Among them，the strains in subgroups 2a.3a.1（J.1），2a.3a.1（J.2） and 2a.3a.1（J.3） appeared from 2023 to 2024. Amino acid substitutions on the antigenic domains，receptor binding sites and potential glycosylation sites were observed. The homologous model analysis of 2a.3a.1（J.3） strain and A/Darwin/9/2021 strain of HA in the antigenic sites and receptor binding domains indicated that spatial conformation changed in amino acid 50，53，96，140，192 and 223. Conclusion The influenza A（H3N2） strain virus in Tangshan City of Hebei Province continues to mutate，and in the future，attention should be paid to the evolutionary variation trends of epidemic strains in subgroup 2a.3a.1（J）.

Study on the effects of microwave radiation exposure on male reproductive health and the therapeutic effect of Astragaloside IV

LIU Zhongjian, WANG Xiaohong, WANG Jingjing, HE Yuping, WANG Xiumei, LI Dong

2026, 42(7):  912-916. 

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Objective To explore the effects of microwave radiation exposure on male reproductive health and the therapeutic effect of Astragaloside IV（AsIV） on radiation. Methods A convenience sampling method was used to conduct a questionnaire survey，with male patients who first visited the reproductive medicine center of the Second Affiliated Hospital of the Air Force Medical University from June to December 2023 as the survey subjects. Based on the results of the questionnaire，the study participants were divided into 3 groups：low，medium，high radiation group（56，135 and 67 people，respectively）. Basic data，semen parameters， hormone levels， and oxidative stress levels were recorded in every groups，while sperm apoptosis were measured by flow cytometry. Sperm from the high-radiation group were co-incubated with different concentrations of AsIV，and the mRNA expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2/hemeoxy genase-1（Nrf2/HO-1） was determined by qRT-PCR. Results Compared with the low radiation group，the sperm concentration[（68.56±52.15）×10⁶/mL vs（36.75±30.36）×10⁶/mL]，total sperm count[（158.28±102.17）×10⁶/mL vs（95.46±82.58）×10⁶/mL] and testosterone concentration[（6.27±2.58）ng/mL vs（2.16±1.68）ng/mL] in the high radiation group were significantly lower，the progressive motile sperm and total viability in both medium and high radiation group were significantly reduced，the sperm apoptosis level in the medium and high radiation group were significantly increased，and the differences were statistically significant（all P<0.05）. Comparing the serum oxidative stress levels of patients in different radiation groups，compared with the low radiation group，the high radiation group showed a significant increase in ROS levels[（87.45±16.23）ng/mL vs（134.35±23.14）ng/mL] and a decrease in total antioxidant capacity（T-AOC） levels[（30.04±8.56）IU/mL vs（23.12±5.06）IU/mL]，and the differences were statistically significant（both P<0.05）. Compared with the low radiation group，the mRNA expression levels of sperm Nrf2 and HO-1 in the high radiation group were significantly reduced，and the differences were statistically significant（both P<0.05）. Compared with the high radiation group，the mRNA expression levels of sperm Nrf2 and HO-1 were significantly increased in the low AsIV groups and high AsIV groups，and the differences were statistically different（both P<0.05）， and the effect was more significant in the high AsIV group. Conclusion Microwave radiation can cause reproductive damage in men，and the degree of damage is positively correlated with the intensity of radiation. AsIV has a dose-dependent therapeutic effect against radiation-induced reproductive damage，probably through activation of the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway.

Determination of epichlorohydrin and n-nitrosodimethylamine in water by auto solid phase microextraction-gas chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry

ZHAN Wei, YAO Yuan, ZHANG Yong, LI Haoran, HAN Zhiyu

2026, 42(7):  917-920. 

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Objective To establish an auto solid phase microextraction-gas chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry to detect epichlorohydrin（ECH） and n-nitrosodimethylamine（NDMA） in water. Methods Water sample was used 10 mL and added 4 g NaCl. The optimal extraction conditions were achieved with SPME fiber of divinylbenzene/carbon wide range/polydimethylsiloxane（DVB/C-WR/PDMS）. Sample was extracted at 30 ℃ and 500 rpm for 15 min，and desorbed at 250 ℃ for 1 min. Chromatographic separation was performed on a InertCap Pure-Wax chromatographic column（30 m×0.25 mm×0.25 μm），and splitless injection. The target compounds were detected by the multi reaction monitoring（MRM） mode. The quantitation was carried out by the external standard method. Results ECH showed the good linearities in 0.02-0.80 μg/L，NDMA showed the good linearities in 0.05-2.00 μg/L， and the correlation coefficients（r） were >0.999 3. The limits of detection（LODs，S/N=3） for ECH and NDMA were 0.008 and 0.02 μg/L. The average recoveries ranged from 89.1% to 104.0%，and relative standard deviation（RSD） were in the range of 6.1%-9.7% with the concentration levels of low，medium and high. Conclusion This method is applicable for the detection of ECH and NDMA in water，and the method sensitivity meets the requirements of various water quality monitoring standards，which is convenient， efficient，and environmentally friendly.

Quantitative risk assessment of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in freshwater shrimp in Tianjin City

ZHAO Jing, LUO Sha, LIU Jialin, FAN Lili, ZHAO Shuai, MA Jie

2026, 42(7):  921-926. 

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Objective To assess the health risk of Vibrio parahaemolyticus exposure to freshwater shrimp by residents in Tianjin City，identify key risk factors for priority control，and provide a basis for foodborne disease prevention and control and risk management. Methods Based on the risk monitoring data of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in freshwater shrimp from the aquaculture sector in Tianjin City in 2024，as well as the consumption volume and behavior data of residents regarding freshwater shrimp，this study followed the risk assessment steps，referenced relevant parameters from scientific literature and reports，and employed the Monte Carlo simulation method to analyze the growth and changes of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in freshwater shrimp throughout the entire process from "aquaculture to dining table"，and quantitatively evaluate the level of exposure of Tianjin residents to Vibrio parahaemolyticus through freshwater shrimp and the associated health risks. Results The detection rate of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in freshwater shrimp farming in Tianjin City during 2024 reached 51.06%，with an average contamination level of 1.04 log MPN/g. The median per meal consumption of freshwater shrimp among Tianjin residents was 112.50 g，and the difference in consumption across different age groups was statistically significant（P<0.01）. Mean value of probability of foodborne diseases caused by consumption of freshwater shrimp contaminated with Vibrio parahaemolyticus in Tianjin City was 1.949×10^-5，and the expected number of cases was 266. Sensitivity analysis showed that the initial concentration of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in freshwater shrimp（r_s=0.785），residents' consumption of freshwater shrimp（r_s=0.373），the proportion of raw food（r_s=0.216） and inadequate heating（r_s=0.189） were the main factors affecting the risk of disease. Conclusion The risk of foodborne diseases caused by Vibrio parahaemolyticus contamination in freshwater shrimp in Tianjin City is acceptable. Controlling the initial concentration of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in freshwater shrimp in aquaculture and improving residents' consumption behavior（appropriate proportion of residents' consumption， reducing the proportion of raw food and inadequate heating） are the key to reducing health risks.

Analysis of foodborne disease surveillance results in Nan'an District of Chongqing City from 2020 to 2024

YANG Siyu, ZHANG Min, YUAN Lingyan

2026, 42(7):  927-932. 

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Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of foodborne diseases in Nan'an District of Chongqing City from 2020 to 2024，and provide reference for developing prevention and control strategies of foodborne disease. Methods Data on foodborne disease cases reported by 23 sentinel hospitals in Nan'an District of Chongqing City from 2020 to 2024 were collected. Clinical specimens were randomly collected from selected diarrheal cases for pathogenic testing，and the monitoring data were analyzed. Results A total of 6 815 foodborne disease cases were reported in Nan'an District of Chongqing City from 2020 to 2024，with annual incidence rates of 6.93，9.09，11.47，13.60，and 15.32 per 10 000 person-years，respectively，showing a statistically significant upward trend（P<0.01）. The incidence peaked in summer and autumn. Females accounted for 54.54% of cases. The highest incidence occurred in individuals aged 25-<35 years（18.33%），and high-risk occupations included homemakers/unemployed individuals（18.06%） and students（15.77%）. Most cases were clustered in Tianwen Subdistrict，Danzishi Subdistrict，and Jiguanshi Town. The distribution of suspected exposed food showed that meat and meat products were the most common suspected food exposures（27.26%），with certain food categories showing seasonal variations（P<0.05）. Home-prepared foods accounted for 36.98% of exposures. Pathogens were detected in 75 of 1 064 specimens（7.05%），including norovirus（67.10% of detection rate），Salmonella（26.32%），and diarrheagenic Escherichia coli（6.58%）. Norovirus was predominantly detected in the third and fourth quarters，Salmonella peaked in the second quarter，and diarrheagenic Escherichia coli was only detected in the third quarter. Conclusion The high-risk populations for foodborne diseases in Nan'an District of Chongqing City are homemakers/unemployed individuals and students，with distinct seasonal and age-specific patterns. The primary pathogens are norovirus and Salmonella. It is recommended to carry out special monitoring in high-risk seasons and populations，strengthen the monitoring of foodborne pathogens，and reduce the risk of foodborne diseases.

Analysis of the current status and influencing factors of career plateau among senior psychiatric nurses

LIU Liying, WANG Lina, ZHOU Yongling, WEI Yulian, ZHAO Wangyue, WANG Honghui

2026, 42(7):  933-937. 

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Objective To understand the current status of career plateau among senior psychiatric nurses，and analyze the influencing factors，in order to provide a basis for reducing the level of career plateau. Methods From February to April 2023，a convenience sampling method was used to select 526 senior psychiatric nurses from Hebei Province and Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region as the research subjects. Based on the dual-factor theory of career plateau，general information questionnaires，career plateau questionnaires，perceived dignity of labor scales，fear of future workplace violence scales，and organizational support perception scales were used for data collection，and the data were analyzed. Results The career plateau score of senior psychiatric nurses was （45.73±9.74）points，indicating a latent career plateau level. The results of multiple linear regression analysis showed that perceived dignity of labor，fear of future workplace violence，and organizational support perception were influencing factors of career plateau among senior psychiatric nurses（all P<0.05）. In addition，hospital type，number of night shifts，undertaking internal duties，employment form，frequency of further education，and health condition had a significant impact on career plateau. Conclusion Career plateau of senior psychiatric nurses in the department of psychiatry in Hebei Province and Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region needs to be alleviated. Nursing managers should pay attention to and identify the factors influencing career plateau among nurses，and develop targeted intervention measures to delay the occurrence of career plateau.

Correlation analysis between dietary patterns and frailty among medical staff aged ≥40 years in Pudong New Area of Shanghai City

WU Yating, HE Yanan, LU Qinglian, CHEN Jiayi, ZHENG Min, ZHAO Chunyan

2026, 42(7):  938-944. 

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Objective To investigate the dietary patterns of medical staff aged ≥40 years in Pudong New Area of Shanghai City，and explore their correlation with frailty. Methods A multistage sampling method was adopted to select on-the-job medical staff from all tertiary medical institutions in Pudong New Area of Shanghai City between March and September 2024.A self-designed questionnaire was formulated based on the subjects' occupational characteristics and the brief food frequency questionnaire（FFQ）.Factor analysis was used to extract the dietary patterns of the subjects，and individual factor scores of dietary patterns were calculated for classification.Ordinal multinomial Logistic regression was performed to analyze the correlation between different dietary patterns and frailty. Results Among the 377 medical staff，206 cases（54.64%） were identified as pre-frailty，and 23 cases（6.10%） were diagnosed with frailty positivity. Factor analysis extracted three distinct dietary patterns：the high-calorie and high-fat dietary pattern，the balanced dietary pattern rich in eggs，milk，fruits and vegetables，and the high-carbohydrate dietary pattern.After adjusting for confounding factors，Logistic regression analysis showed that compared with the balanced dietary pattern rich in eggs，milk，fruits and vegetables，the population with a high-calorie and high-fat dietary pattern had a positive correlation with the occurrence of frailty（OR=1.767，95%CI：1.081-2.886）. Conclusion Medical staff aged ≥40 years in Pudong New Area of Shanghai City face a certain risk of frailty.Their dietary structures are mainly characterized by three patterns.Among these，the high-calorie and high-fat dietary pattern may be associated with a higher risk of frailty in medical staff，while adherence to the balanced dietary pattern with sufficient eggs，milk，fruits and vegetables serves as a protective factor against frailty.These findings suggest that increased intake of fruits and vegetables，high-protein foods，nuts，and whole grains may help reduce and delay the risk of frailty.

Analysis of the epidemic characteristics of hand，foot and mouth disease in Binhai New Area of Tianjin City from 2016 to 2023

ZHU Xuebin, WANG Wenquan, HAN Yixia, ZHANG Lixin

2026, 42(7):  945-949. 

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Objective To analyze the incidence and pathogenic characteristics of hand，foot and mouth disease（HFMD） in Binhai New Area of Tianjin City，and provide theoretical basis for the prevention and control of HFMD in the whole district. Methods Sort out the case data of HFMD in Binhai New Area of Tianjin City from 2016 to 2023，describe the distribution and epidemic characteristics. Collect stool samples from some clinically diagnosed cases of HFMD for enterovirus detection，and analyze case data and laboratory test results. Results The highest incidence rate of HFMD in Binhai New Area was 109.56 per 100 000 in 2023，the lowest was 3.18 per 100 000 in 2022. The peak season of the disease was summer and autumn. The cases were distributed in all the towns in the district，with higher reported cases in the towns with relatively dense population and integration of urban and rural areas. The average number of reported cases per year was 888 for males，which was higher than the 577 cases for females. The age group of 3-<4 years old had the highest proportion of cases，with an average of 255 cases reported annually，accounting for 23.16%. The occupation was mainly scattered children，with an average of 631 cases reported annually，accounting for 43.04%. CoxA6 enterovirus was the main epidemic strain in Binhai New Area of Tianjin City，and families and private kindergartens were high-risk areas for clustered outbreaks. Conclusion In recent years，the overall incidence of HFMD in Binhai New Area has shown a trend of high incidence every other year，with obvious seasonal，regional，and population characteristics，and the epidemic strains are relatively stable after 2018. It is suggested to strengthen monitoring，propaganda，and prevention and control guidance for key areas，key units，and key populations to avoid large-scale outbreaks and epidemics in the region. In recent years，the detection rate of EV71 in Binhai New Area has remained at a low level，the risk of severe illness and death has been greatly reduced，in the later stage，we should continuously strengthen the monitoring and pay attention to the changing trend of epidemic strains.

Construction of an evaluation index system for regional infectious diseases surveillance and early warning capabilities

ZHAO Bolan, CUI Lizhou, ZUO Zhiping, LIU Jue

2026, 42(7):  950-954. 

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Objective To construct an evaluation index system for the monitoring and early warning capabilities of regional infectious diseases，providing a reference pathway for assessing the regional monitoring and early warning capabilities of infectious diseases. Methods From January to May in 2024，a preliminary indicator framework was initially established through literature retrieval from five databases including China National Knowledge Infrastructure（CNKI），Wanfang，VIP，PubMed，and Web of Science， sorting out laws，regulations，and technical documents related to monitoring and early warning，as well as group discussions. From July to September 2024，a two-round Delphi expert consultation was conducted. By combining the expert consultation weight method with the entropy weight method，the third-level evaluation indicators and their weights for regional infectious disease monitoring and early warning capabilities were determined. The scientific nature and rationality of the indicator system were assessed through the expert activity coefficient，expert authority，expert opinion coordination，and expert opinion concentration. Results A total of 15 experts participated in this study. The final indicator system covered four first-level indicators，sixteen second-level indicators，and forty-two third-level indicators. Among the four first-level indicators，the third-level indicators with the highest normalized weight values were respectively monitoring and early warning system construction（0.013 4），first-visit reporting rate of infectious diseases（0.016 2），implementation of various risk assessment methods（0.009 2），positive predictive value（0.012 4）. The expert activity coefficients in the two rounds of inquiries were 100.00% and 93.33%，respectively，and the expert authority degree coefficients were all ≥0.75. The coordination coefficients in the second round were equal to or higher than those in the first round，and the differences were all statistically significant（all P<0.05）. Conclusion This study uses the Delphi method to construct an evaluation index system for regional infectious disease surveillance and early warning capabilities，which can be scientifically and reasonably applied to the systematic assessment of such capabilities，providing a practical and feasible reference pathway for effectively enhancing the surveillance and early warning capabilities for infectious diseases.

Analysis of epidemiological trend and spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of influenza in Songjiang District of Shanghai City from 2017 to 2023

WU Jialing, WANG Chao, YE Duqiu, LI Meng, LYU Xihong

2026, 42(7):  955-960. 

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Objective To analyze the epidemiological and spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of influenza cases in Songjiang District of Shanghai City from 2017 to 2023，and provide a basis for scientific prevention and control of influenza. Methods The data of influenza cases in Songjiang District of Shanghai City from 2017 to 2023 were collected and analyzed. Results From 2017 to 2023，the average annual incidence of influenza in Songjiang District was 10.38 per 100 000，mainly aged 0-<10 years. From 2021 to 2023，the incidence of influenza in Songjiang District showed an increasing trend（APC=456.65，P<0.05）. The distribution of influenza in Songjiang District exhibited spatial clustering in 2017，2018 and 2023. The high-high aggregation areas were detected by local autocorrelation analysis and the hot spot areas were detected by hot spot analysis. Moreover，the class Ⅰ and Ⅱ aggregation areas detected by spatiotemporal scanning analysis were mainly concentrated in the central urban area of Songjiang District and its surrounding towns. Conclusion From 2017 to 2023，the incidence of influenza cases in Songjiang District illustrates a upward trend，with spatiotemporal clustering，predominantly in the central urban area and surrounding towns. Targeted prevention and control measures should be strengthened for key populations in key areas before the peak influenza season.

Monitoring and analysis of influenza-like-cases in a hospital in Jinnan District of Tianjin City from 2018 to 2023

SUN Yana, LIANG Guangzhong, ZHAO Xiaomeng, ZOU Wenci, WANG Jing, LIU Jianling

2026, 42(7):  961-965. 

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Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and monitoring changes of influenza in Jinnan District of Tianjin City from 2018 to 2023，and scientifically prevent and control influenza. Methods The influenza-like-illness（ILI） cases were monitored at influenza surveillance sentinel hospital of Jinnan District of Tianjin（Tianjin Jinnan Hospital） from 2018 to 2023，the real-time fluorescent reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction（RT-PCR） pathogen detection was performed，and the data were analyzed. Results From 2018 to 2023，a total of 57 161 ILI cases were monitored，accounting for 4.23%（57 161/1 350 682） of outpatient and emergency treatment cases. The proportion of ILI cases in 2023 was the highest（7.92%，23 144/292 322），and that in 2021 was the lowest（2.23%，5 414/242 285）. There was statistically significant difference in the proportion of ILI cases among different years（P<0.05）. The pathogenic detection of influenza virus nucleic acid was carried out in 4 109 cases of ILI，and the positive detection rate was 25.33%（1 041/4 109），with statistical difference in annual positive detection rate（P<0.05），and the highest positive detection rate was 42.44%（320/754） in 2019. From 2018 to 2023，the difference of positive detection rate among different age groups was statistically significant（P<0.05），and the highest positive detection rate was 38.37%（432/1 126） in the age group of 7-<15 years old. The positive detection rate was high in the first quarter and the fourth quarter of each year，which accords with the epidemic law of influenza in winter and spring in northern China. The influenza virus was a cross epidemic of H1N1，seasonal H3N2，Victoria（B-V） and Yamagata（B-Y），with different dominant types in different periods. Conclusions The decrease in the detection rate of influenza virus in Jinnan District of Tianjin City from 2020 to 2022 indicates that public health prevention and control measures have also played a role in blocking the spread of influenza virus. It is necessary to continue to enhance the immunity of preschool children and primary and secondary school students，vigorously promote vaccination，pay attention to the monitoring of multiple pathogens in respiratory syndrome，be wary of mixed infections，and scientifically prevent and control respiratory infectious disease outbreaks.

Mediating effect of mobile phone addiction between social anxiety and school adaptation among freshmen in vocational colleges

CHEN Quanyin, DING Li, LUO Xiaoman

2026, 42(7):  966-970. 

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Objective To explore the relationship between social anxiety and school adaptation among freshmen in vocational colleges，and examine the mediating role of mobile phone addiction between the two，in order to provide a basis for developing intervention measures to promote their school adaptation. Methods From September to October in 2024，a questionnaire survey was conducted on 1 689 freshmen of vocational colleges in Tongren City by using the interaction anxiety scale（IAS），mobile phone addiction index（MPAI） and student adaptation to college questionnaire（SACQ），and the data were analyzed. Results The score of social anxiety of freshmen in vocational colleges of Tongren City was （2.84±0.56）points，and the score of addiction to mobile phones was （2.13±0.66）points，both of which are at a below average level. The score of school adaptation score was （3.68±0.56）points，which is at an above average level. The social anxiety，mobile phone addiction were negatively correlated with school adaptation（r=-0.369，-0.452，both P<0.01），and social anxiety was positively correlated with mobile phone addiction（r=0.429，P<0.01）. The mobile phone addiction partially mediated the relationship between social anxiety and school adaptation，with a mediation effect value of -0.157，accounting for 42.78% of the total effect. The social anxiety indirectly affected the school adaptation of freshmen in vocational colleges through mobile phone addiction. Conclusions The social anxiety among freshmen in vocational colleges can significantly predict their school adaptation，with mobile phone addiction playing a mediating role. It is suggested that vocational colleges should focus on the social anxiety and mobile phone addiction of freshmen，implement relevant measures to reduce individuals' social anxiety，lower their level of mobile phone addiction，and thus improve the school adaptation level of freshmen in vocational colleges.

Status of career decision-making efficacy and mediating role of psychological empowerment between emotional intelligence and career decision-making efficacy of nursing interns in a grade-A tertiary hospital in Nanjing City

ZHU Shumin, CHANG Ping, WANG Zhen, YE Hongfang

2026, 42(7):  971-976.  DOI: 10.1016/j.jen.2024.12.015

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Objective To understand the status of career decision-making efficacy and mediating role of psychological empowerment between emotional intelligence and career decision-making efficacy of nursing interns in a grade-A tertiary hospital in Nanjing City，so as to provide theoretical basis and practical guidance for improving the career decision-making efficiency of nursing interns and optimizing the nursing talent training mechanism. Methods The convenience sampling method was used to select 220 intern nursing students from a grade-A tertiary hospital in Nanjing City in February 2025 as the study subjects，the data were collected using the emotional intelligence scale，the psychological empowerment scale，and the career decision making self-efficacy scale，and the data were analyzed. Results The total scores of career decision-making self-efficacy，emotional intelligence and psychological empowerment in nursing interns were （109.22±16.68），（88.45±11.76） and （48.69±7.78）points，respectively. The psychological empowerment in nursing interns was positively correlated with emotional intelligence and career decision-making efficacy（r=0.740，0.837，both P<0.05）. The emotional intelligence was positively correlated with career decision-making efficacy（r=0.798，P<0.05）. The psychological empowerment played a mediating role between emotional intelligence and career decision-making efficacy，with an effect value of 0.503，and mediating effect accounted for 48.83%. Conclusion The career decision-making efficacy of nursing interns is at a medium level，the emotional intelligence not only directly affects the career decision-making efficacy，but also indirectly plays a role through psychological empowerment，suggesting that systematic emotional intelligence training and psychological empowerment interventions can significantly enhance the career decision-making ability of nursing interns，thus effectively promoting the stability and professional development of the nursing talent team.

Visual analysis on research hotspots and trends in mental health protection for rescue workers during public health emergencies based on CiteSpace

CUI Yi, LI Jiayao, JI Jingrui, LIU Qin, LIU Na, MA Lei

2026, 42(7):  977-982. 

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Objective To explore the current research status，hotspots，and development trends in the field of mental health protection for emergency public event rescue personnel at home and abroad through CiteSpace visualization analysis，providing reference for maintaining the mental health of rescue personnel. Methods The data were extracted from the CNKI and Web of Science Core Collection databases from January 2007 to December 2024. The CiteSpace 6.3.R1 was employed for keyword co-occurrence，clustering，and burst detection analyses. Results A total of 114 Chinese and 155 English publications were included. The publication volume in China exhibited fluctuating trends，peaking in 2020 followed by a significant decline，and leading contributing institutions were primarily affiliated with the military. Conversely，international publications demonstrated fluctuating growth，with the United States being the predominant contributor. The domestic research primarily focused on the mental health，psychological stress，and depression of diverse rescue personnel，predominantly utilizing qualitative research methodologies. The international studies，however，placed greater emphasis on post-traumatic stress disorder（PTSD） and emphasized cross-disciplinary integration，notably within emergency medicine and substance abuse. The research priorities diverged temporally between domestic and international contexts. The key emerging trends in the field included psychological interventions for rescue personnel，health risks，PTSD，resilience，burnout，and substance abuse. Conclusions The current research on the psychological health protection for emergency public rescue personnel remains limited and fragmented. Future efforts should prioritize research investment in this field，foster interdisciplinary collaboration，develop personalized and precision-driven intelligent psychological interventions，strengthen policy frameworks and social service systems，and establish an integrated mental health protection system spanning the entire disaster response continuum.

Investigation and Research

Comparison of health literacy levels among residents in Hedong District of Tianjin City in 2019 and 2023 and analysis of influencing factors

LIU Peng, YUAN Xiaohua, MENG Meixu, ZHAO Na, JI Xiaoxi

2026, 42(7):  983-987. 

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Objective To compare the changing trends of the health literacy levels of residents in Hedong District of Tianjin City in 2019 and 2023，and analyze the influencing factors，so as to provide a scientific basis for optimizing regional health promotion policies and measures. Methods By using the National Resident Health Literacy Monitoring Questionnaire，a stratified multi-stage random sampling method was adopted to conduct health literacy questionnaires among 901 and 1 363 permanent residents in Hedong District of Tianjin City in 2019 and 2023 respectively. The differences in health literacy levels were compared. The multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used to explore the main influencing factors. Results In 2023，the proportion of residents with health literacy was 34.19%，which was higher than that in 2019（32.08%），but the difference was not statistically significant（χ²=0.997，P>0.05）. Comparing the health literacy levels in three aspects，the health skills literacy level in 2023 was higher than that in 2019，and the difference was statistically significant（χ²=11.173，P<0.05）. In terms of six types of health problem literacy，the levels of chronic disease prevention literacy，health information literacy，basic medical literacy，and infectious disease prevention literacy in 2023 were higher than those in 2019，and the differences were statistically significant（χ²=4.358，10.171，11.650， 44.158，all P<0.05）. The results of multivariate analysis showed that the main influencing factors of the health literacy level of residents in Hedong District in 2019 and 2023 were highly consistent，which included age，educational level and chronic disease status. The OR values in 2019 were 0.862，1.782 and 0.811，respectively，while those in 2023 were 0.799，1.801and 0.809，respectively. Conclusion The health literacy level of residents in Hedong District of Tianjin City is at a moderate level，and the health education personnel should focus on the health promotion management of older residents，those with a lower educational level，and those without chronic diseases，so as to improve the overall health literacy level of residents in Hedong District.

Health Management and Research

Analysis of the application effect of management mode for acute respiratory infectious diseases based on PDCA cycle theory in a grade-A tertiary hospital in Xiamen City

ZHANG Chi, LIN Zhen, WANG Xiaohong, WANG Zhibin

2026, 42(7):  988-992. 

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Objective To understand the effectiveness of the Plan-Do-Check-Act（PDCA） cycle in the prevention and control of acute respiratory infectious diseases in hospitals，and to evaluate its impact on hospital infection prevention and control. Methods A randomized controlled trial was conducted with 200 healthcare workers from 12 departments of a grade-A tertiary hospital in Xiamen City，divided into a PDCA group and a control group. The PDCA group implemented the PDCA cycle management mode，which included standardized management of prevention and control work，personnel training，and material management measures. The differences between two groups of medical staff in terms of the qualification rate of object surface monitoring，the qualification rate of medical waste management，the qualification rate of hand hygiene，mastery level of respiratory disease prevention and control knowledge，and patient satisfaction were analyzed. Results The implementation of the PDCA cycle significantly improved the qualification rate of object surface monitoring in the PDCA group from 77.78% to 94.45%（P<0.01），and the hand hygiene compliance rate also increased from 47.00% to 78.00%（P<0.01），while the control group showed no significant improvement in these aspects. The PDCA group outperformed the control group in terms of accuracy in respiratory disease prevention and control knowledge and patient satisfaction（both P<0.05）. The qualified rate of medical waste management had improved in both groups，but there were no statistically significant difference in the wearing of protective measures between the two groups and before and after implementation（both P>0.05）. Conclusion The PDCA cycle management mode has significant application value in the management of acute respiratory infectious diseases grade-A tertiary hospitals. It can effectively enhance the prevention and control effect，improve healthcare workers' prevention and control ability，and improve patient satisfaction，providing a practical and effective management strategy for hospitals in the infection control of acute respiratory infectious disease.

Overview

Research progress on application of digital health technology in health management of chronic diseases

YANG Jing, ZHOU Xiuling, WANG Lijuan, LI Yu, ZHANG Shuangxin, MU Caixia

2026, 42(7):  993-997. 

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At present，there are some problems in the health management of chronic diseases in China，such as insufficient self-care awareness，limited management scope，and poor compliance. The digital health technology can achieve personalized and precise interventions by improving management efficiency，expanding the scope of monitoring，and enhancing patient compliance. This paper reviews the application form and effect of digital health technology in the health management of chronic diseases，analyzes the existing shortcomings and proposes corresponding solutions，aiming to provide corresponding references for the application and development of digital health technology in the health management of patients with chronic diseases in China in the future.

Application and research progress of biosensing technology in detection of micro/nanoplastics

LU Tian, LUO Jia, XIA Yu

2026, 42(7):  998-1003. 

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The micro/nanoplastics（M/NPs），as a new type of pollutant，can accumulate in the atmosphere，soil，water bodies and living organisms，causing serious harm to ecosystems and human health. The traditional detection methods（such as microscopy，spectroscopy and mass spectrometry） have limitations such as long-time consumption，high cost and vulnerability to interference. Compared with traditional detection methods，biosensors have gradually shown unique application prospects in M/NPs detection due to their advantages such as good specificity and high sensitivity. The biosensing technology is a technique that uses biometric elements as sensors to achieve signal conversion and analysis detection by detecting the interaction between them and the target object. Among them，the biometric elements are the key to achieving high sensitivity and high specificity in actual detection. This paper reviews the application and research progress of biosensing technology in M/NPs detection in recent years based on the classification of biometric elements（enzymes，antibodies，aptamers，peptides，and cells），discusses various detection techniques，as well as the current challenges and future research directions they face，with the aim of providing a reference for the future development of more effective，simple and sensitive M/NPs biosensors.

Research status of noise control challenges in thermal power generation

MA Kui, WANG Hefei, JI Mengmeng, MA Li

2026, 42(7):  1004-1008. 

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Thermal power generation produces significant noise during normal operation，primarily stemming from mechanical noise generated by equipment such as steam turbines and various water pumps，aerodynamic noise produced by devices like fans and air compressors，and electromagnetic noise emanating from equipment like generators and transformers. Prolonged exposure to noise in the workplace may lead to central nervous system dysfunction，elevated hearing threshold，hearing loss，and occupational noise deafness in severe cases. As China's industrial standards improve，the issue of noise pollution in thermal power generation has garnered significant social attention. This article examines the sources of noise in thermal power generation and the existing occupational disease prevention facilities，analyzes the challenges in the control process，and summarizes potential solutions.