Table of Content

15 March 2026, Volume 42 Issue 6

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Treatise

Correlation analysis of workplace support，work-family conflict and job burnout among internal medicine nurses

CAI Huijuan, ZHAO Binbin, ZHANG Siyuan, CAI Yameng, WANG Zhihong, WANG Qiaoyan

2026, 42(6):  721-725. 

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Objective To understand the current status of workplace support，work-family conflict and occupational burnout of internal medicine nurses，and analyze their correlation，so as to provide objective evidence for improving the occupational burnout of internal medicine nurses and improving the efficiency of clinical nursing. Methods From October 2024 to January 2025，184 internal medicine nurses from 10 grade-A tertiary general hospitals in Hebei Province were selected as the research subjects by random number table method. The workplace support scale，work-family conflict scale and occupational burnout scale were used to investigate them，and the data were analyzed. Results The scores of workplace support，work-family conflict and burnout of 184 internal medicine nurses from 10 grade-A tertiary general hospitals in Hebei Province were （73.18±13.52），（62.35±10.84） and （62.55±11.38）points，respectively. The influencing factors of workplace support for internal medicine nurses were age，clinical nursing working hours，nursing professional title，average monthly total income，and whether they worked night shifts（all P<0.05）. The influencing factors of work-family conflict and burnout were age，clinical nursing working hours，nursing professional title，marital status，average monthly total income，and whether they worked night shifts（all P<0.05）. Workplace support for internal medicine nurses was negatively correlated with burnout and work-family conflict（r=-0.606，-0.529，both P<0.01），while work-family conflict was positively correlated with burnout（r=0.584，P<0.01）. Work-family conflict had a moderate mediating effect between workplace support and burnout of internal medicine nurses，with a mediating effect value of 0.130，accounting for 20.28% of the total effect. Conclusion Internal medicine nurses suffer from severe job burnout and work-family conflict. Workplace support plays a partial mediating role between work-family conflict and job burnout. Reducing the work-family conflict of internal medicine nurses and enhancing workplace support can help reduce the severity of their job burnout.

Analysis on the status quo and influencing factors of job burnout of vaccination staff in Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps

HUANG Wenjun, MI Shasha, WU Chao, WANG Lixia, PEI Yingxin

2026, 42(6):  726-732. 

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Objective To investigate the current situation and influencing factors of job burnout among vaccination workers in Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps（hereinafter referred to as the Corps）. Methods In August 2024，a census method was adopted，with all personnel engaged in vaccination-related work within the entire Corps serving as survey subjects. A self-designed questionnaire was used to collect demographic characteristics and work-related information. The Maslach burnout inventory general survey（MBI-GS），translated and revised by LI Chaoping，was employed for the survey，and the data were analyzed. Results The detection rate of job burnout among vaccination workers in the Corps was 60.34%（283/469）. The group with average daily sleep >8 h（OR=0.082，95%CI：0.007-0.970），often worked overtime（OR=3.446，95%CI：1.145-10.373），and high work pressure（OR=19.071，95%CI：2.627-138.458），resignation thoughts（OR=2.405，95%CI：1.295-4.467） were associated with emotional failure，and the differences were statistically significant（all P<0.05）. The risk of depersonalization was increased among vaccination-related staff with resignation intention（OR=3.485，95%CI：1.906-6.372） and infrequent physical exercise（OR=3.059，95%CI：1.217-7.689），and the differences were statistically significant（both P<0.05）. The annual average income of 40 000 to 80 000 yuan（OR=0.487，95%CI：0.267-0.888） was associated with low personal achievement，and the difference was statistically significant（P<0.05）. Conclusion There is a high incidence of job burnout among vaccination workers in the corps. It is suggested that relevant departments should formulate comprehensive measures from the individual level and unit level，pay attention to the mental health of vaccination workers，and establish an early warning mechanism for job burnout to reduce the occurrence of job burnout.

Study on the relationship between urinary mercury exposure and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease among industrial workers in a city of Guangdong Province

CHEN Linlin, ZHANG Liuzhuo, ZHU Dexiang, WANG Xizhi, MENG Xiaojing, ZHANG Ming

2026, 42(6):  733-737. 

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Objective To investigate the association between urinary mercury exposure levels and the risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease（NAFLD） among enterprise workers in a city of Guargdong Province，providing scientific evidence for developing targeted occupational protection measures and health management strategies. Methods Enterprise workers in Shenzhen in 2024 were selected as the study population，basic information and medical examination data of the research subjects were obtained through the physical examination system，and statistical analysis were conducted accordingly. A restricted cubic spline（RCS） model was used to explore the nonlinear and dose-response relationships between urinary mercury exposure and the risk of NAFLD. Results A total of 269 participants were included in this study，among whom 82 had NAFLD，with a detection rate of 30.5%. The urinary mercury exposure level of the study subjects was below the occupational biological exposure limit. There were statistically significant differences in age and body mass index（BMI） between the two groups（both P<0.05），and the NAFLD group had higher levels of all biochemical indicators compared with the control group（both P<0.05）. Logistic regression analysis indicated that elevated urinary mercury concentrations were associated with an increased risk of NAFLD. Compared with the low-exposure group，the moderate urinary mercury exposure group showed an increased risk of NAFLD（OR=2.200，95%CI：1.143-4.319，P<0.05）. Stratified analysis revealed that in the population aged 30-<40 years，higher urinary mercury concentrations were associated with an increased risk of NAFLD（OR=2.408，95%CI：1.131-5.578，P<0.05）. RCS analysis showed that as urinary mercury concentration increased，the risk of NAFLD initially decreased and then increased，with a significant nonlinear relationship（P<0.05）. Conclusion Urinary mercury exposure among industrial workers in a city of Guangdong Province is associated with an increased risk of NAFLD and exhibits a nonlinear relationship，which is more pronounced in the population aged 30-<40 years. It is recommended to strengthen the monitoring of mercury exposure and health management for industrial workers in a city of Guangdong Province.

Analysis of occupational health examination and personal dose monitoring results of radiation workers in radiation diagnosis and treatment institutions in Yulin City in 2023

ZHOU Wenqing, LI Hua, LI Jinfeng, LIU Lejie, CHEN Mingwen, LIU Jinmei

2026, 42(6):  738-744. 

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Objective To understand the health status and influencing factors of medical radiation workers in Yulin City，and provide reference for occupational health management of radiation workers in Yulin City. Methods Based on the examination data of 795 individuals engaged in radiation diagnosis and treatment who underwent occupational health examinations at a physical examination center in Yulin City in 2023，combined with personal dose monitoring，and the data were analyzed. Results Among the 795 subjects，the indicators with high abnormal detection rates included electrocardiogram（41.0%），liver ultrasound（37.5%），ophthalmology（32.2%），uric acid（24.2%），blood pressure（24.0%），and renal ultrasound（19.9%）. The abnormal detection rates of ophthalmology，blood pressure，liver function，kidney function，and uric acid in males were significantly higher than those in females（all P<0.01）. The abnormal blood pressure rate in the older age group was significantly higher than that in the younger age group（P<0.01），and the abnormal rates of ophthalmology and blood pressure in the high seniority group were significantly higher than those in the low seniority group（both P<0.01）. In addition，ophthalmology，blood pressure，uric acid，etc. were significantly higher among physicians than in other positions（all P<0.01）. The detection rate of liver ultrasound in diagnostic radiology was significantly higher than other types（P<0.05）. Conclusion The indicators with a high abnormal rate of occupational health examinations among medical radiation workers in Yulin City are closely related to factors such as length of service，gender，job category，and radiation dose. It is recommended to implement differentiated protective measures for workers of different genders and lengths of service，while strengthening safety training for radiation workers and reducing unnecessary radiation exposure.

Current status of occupational disease hazard factor monitoring and occupational health examination in key industries in Beibei District of Chongqing City from 2022 to 2024

ZHAO Xueli, LIU Lu

2026, 42(6):  745-749. 

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Objective To understand the current status of occupational hazards in key industries and occupational disease health examinations for employees in Beibei District of Chongqing City，assess the risk of incidence of occupational diseases incidence，and provide reference and data support for local administrative departments of Beibei District to carry out occupational disease prevention and control. Methods Export the data of Beibei District of Chongqing City from 2022 to 2024 from the "National Health Hazard Factor Monitoring Information System"，and analyze the data. Results We monitored 90 enterprises in 10 industries，including 3 002 workplace locations and 2 852 positions.The furniture manufacturing industry had the highest exposure rate （88.14%），followed by the non-ferrous metal smelting industry（81.82%）. The difference in exposure rates across industries were statistically significant（χ²=242.102，P<0.01）. In the automotive manufacturing and metal products industries，which had the highest levels of the three major hazard factors，the exceedance rates at locations and positions were 10.56% and 10.13%，respectively. The differences in exceedance rates for different locations and positions of different industries were statistically significant（χ²_location=67.343， χ²_position=65.944，both P<0.01）. Medium-sized enterprises（9.79%） and small enterprises（9.34%） had higher exceedance rates，and there were statistically significant differences in the exceedance rates among different locations and positions of different scales（χ²_location=29.895，χ²_position=31.846，both P<0.05）. Overall，the completion rate of noise protector in the 10 key industries was suboptimal，only 51.11%. The completion rate of warning signs in key industries was over 90%. The top four abnormal cases in the physical examination of the 12 types of hazardous factors that were exposed to noise，silicon dust，manganese and its compounds，and xylene，ranked from high to low.There was a statistically significant difference in the abnormal rate of physical examination among workers with different hazardous factors（χ²=147.084，P<0.05）. Conclusion The situation regarding occupational disease prevention and control in Beibei District is severe，with the most prominent issues being noise and silica dust exceeding standards. It is recommended to improve policies and regulations for noise prevention and control，increase the procurement of noise reduction facilities and equipment，and regularly conduct occupational health examinations and risk assessments to ensure the health of employees.

Analysis of the occupational health examination results of radiology workers in medical institutions in Zhenjiang City

HUANG Rui, WU Jianyan, XIE Shi

2026, 42(6):  750-756. 

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Objective To analyze the results of occupational health examination of radiation workers in medical institutions in Zhenjiang City，understand the occupational health status of radiation workers in medical institutions in Zhenjiang City，analyze the significant abnormal indicators in the examination，so as to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control strategy of occupational radiation diseases. Methods The on-the-job radiology workers of all medical units who underwent occupational health examination at the Physical Examination Center of Zhenjiang Center for Disease Control and Prevention from 2019 to 2023 were selected，and those with incomplete physical examination items were excluded. Basic information and results of occupational health examination items were collected，and the data were analyzed. Results From 2019 to 2023，5 943 people should be examined，and 5 750 people were actually examined，with a physical examination rate of 96.8%. The health examination rate of radiation workers in medical institutions in different years ranged from 95.0% to 98.5%. Except for 2020-2021，the detection rates of abnormal liver function，blood glucose，electrocardiogram and abdominal color ultrasound in male radiologists were higher than those in female（all P<0.05）. The detection rate of abnormal blood routine，urine routine and renal function in female radiologists were higher than that in male（all P<0.05）. There were statistically significant differences in the detection rates of abnormal blood glucose，abdominal color ultrasound and ocular lens among different age groups and working ages（all P<0.05），and the abnormal detection rate increased with age and working ages. The detection rate of abnormal blood glucose in primary and other ungraded hospitals was greater than that in tertiary and secondary hospitals. The rate of ocular lens abnormalities was higher among those engaged in nuclear medicine. Conclusion Most of the male radiologists in Zhenjiang medical institutions have higher abnormal rates of occupational health examinations than females，and the abnormal detection rates of blood glucose，abdominal color ultrasound and ocular lens increase with age and length of service. There are also differences in the abnormal rate of occupational health examinations for radiology workers in different levels of hospitals and types of work. Relevant departments and departments should strengthen the training of radiation protection knowledge and health awareness for radiation workers，and do a good job in personal dose monitoring and occupational health examinations for radiation workers，so as to ensure the occupational health of radiation workers.

Proficiency testing results and analysis of arsenic in water with complex matrices

ZHANG Wenjun, CUI Yue, CAO Dong, WANG Xuyang

2026, 42(6):  757-761. 

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Objective To compare the impact of different pre-treatment methods on the detection of arsenic in water with complex matrices，screen for the optimal method that ensures normal peak shape and retention time，and verify this through proficiency testing. Methods Referring to GB/T 5750.6-2023 "standard examination methods for drinking water-Part 6：Metal and metalloid indices" 9.1，hydride generation atomic fluorescence spectrometry was used to determine arsenic in water. The sample solution was diluted to 5 times with pure water，5% hydrochloric acid，and the 125 g/L thiourea-ascorbic acid solution，heated at 70 ℃ for 30 min，and then detected by atomic fluorescence spectrophotometry. Results Within the linear range of 0-20 μg/L，the standard curve was I=90.927 4×C-13.638 7，with a correlation coefficient of 0.999 7. Quality control was performed on the samples using spike recovery and the reference sample，and the proficiency testing result was satisfactory. Conclusion Through this proficiency testing，the laboratory personnel optimize the pre-treatment steps for complex matrix water samples，enhance the accuracy of arsenic detection，and provide an effective pre-treatment method for the detection of arsenic in complex water samples.

Analysis of active surveillance results of foodborne pathogens in diarrhea cases in Tongzhou District of Beijing City from 2020 to 2024

JIANG Nan, ZHANG Ping, WU Yanfang, LEI Yuchen, WU Yan, ZHANG Haijuan

2026, 42(6):  762-765. 

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Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of foodborne pathogens in diarrhea cases in Tongzhou District of Beijing City from 2020 to 2024，and provide technical reference for prevention and control of foodborne diseases and food safety. Methods According to the requirements of the National Foodborne Disease Surveillance Manual，diarrhea cases meeting the inclusion criteria were screened in two sentinel hospitals in Tongzhou District，and clinical and food exposure information and stool samples were collected for the detection of salmonella，Vibrio para-hemolyticus and diarrheal Escherichia coli. Results A total of 1 794 cases of diarrhea were included in the surveillance，and the detection rates and dominant strains of various foodborne pathogens were Salmonella 3.07%（Salmonella enteritidis），Vibrio parahaemolyticus 1.51%（O10∶K4 type），Diarrheogenic Escherichia coli 7.75%（enterotoxic Escherichia coli）. The detection rate of diarrheal Escherichia coli（12.53%） in summer（June-August） was significantly higher than that in other seasons. Vibrio parahaemolyticus was mainly detected in the age group of 30-<45 years（3.06%），while the incidence of diarrheal Escherichia coli was higher in the age group of 18-<30 years（13.53%）. Mixed foods（27.97%） ranked first in exposure to suspicious foods. Home environment（46.34%） was the main source of suspiciously exposed food. Conclusion The detection rate of main foodborne pathogens and dominant bacterial types of diarrhea cases have changed significantly in Tongzhou District of Beijing City from 2020 to 2024. Young and middle-aged people and summer are still the key groups and seasons for monitoring，and it is necessary to strengthen the family food safety and health education work.

Mediating effect of professional resilience on the relationship between thriving at work and innovative behavior among clinical nurses

SU Wei, GAO Ayang, WANG Haoyue, ZHANG Jianhui

2026, 42(6):  766-771. 

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Objective To understand the mediating effect of professional resilience among clinical nurses between thriving at work and innovative behavior，and provide a reference for improving their innovative behavior and enhancing the quality of nursing services. Methods From July to November 2024，a convenience sampling method was used to recruit 595 clinical nurses from three tertiary grade A hospitals in Tianjin City for a questionnaire survey，covering demographic data，the nurse innovation behavior scale，the thriving at work questionnaire，and the career resilience questionnaire，and the data were analyzed. Results The total scores of innovative behavior，thriving at work，and professional resilience among clinical nurses were （37.91±7.97），（47.29±7.52） and（139.11±19.02）points，respectively. There were significant positive correlations between thriving at work and professional resilience，as well as between thriving at work and innovative behavior（r=0.827，0.688，both P<0.01）. There was also a significant positive correlation between professional resilience and innovative behavior（r=0.640，P<0.01）. Professional resilience played a partial mediating role between thriving at work and innovative behavior，and the mediating effect accounted for 30.18% of the total effect. Conclusion The innovative behavior of clinical nurses is at a moderately high level，and professional resilience is a mediating variable between thriving at work and innovative behavior. Nursing managers should focus on improving the thriving at work of clinical nurses and strengthening the cultivation of professional resilience，so as to enhance their innovative behavior and promote the improvement of nursing service quality.

Impact of electronic communication during non-work time and emotional exhaustion among nurses in the interventional rehabilitation department on their work time encroachment behavior

ZHANG Qian, LIU Na, LIANG Yan, LIU Yang, JIA Na, MENG Haichao

2026, 42(6):  772-776. 

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Objective To investigate the status of non-working time electronic communication，emotional exhaustion and work time encroachment behavior of nurses in interventional rehabilitation department and analyze their correlation，so as to provide a basis for improving the work time encroachment of nurses in interventional rehabilitation department. Methods A random sampling method was used to select nurses from interventional rehabilitation department（rehabilitation department） of 12 general hospitals in Hebei Province from August to September 2024 as the survey subjects. The non-working time electronic communication scale，emotional exhaustion scale and work time encroachment scale were used for investigation and analysis. Results The non-working time electronic communication score of nurses in interventional rehabilitation department was （13.52±2.64）points，the emotional exhaustion score was （30.84±5.38）points，and the work time encroachment behavior score was （22.48±4.52）points. The influencing factors of the non-working time electronic communication score of nurses in rehabilitation department were gender，age，professional title，professional working hours，marital status，average monthly income，average monthly number of shifts（all P<0.05）. The influencing factors of emotional exhaustion and work time encroachment behavior of nurses in the interventional rehabilitation department were age，professional title，professional working hours，marital status，average monthly income，average number of monthly shifts（all P<0.05）. The non-working time electronic communication score of nurses in the interventional rehabilitation department was positively correlated with the work time encroachment behavior and emotional exhaustion score（r=0.622，0.582，both P<0.01），and the emotional exhaustion score was positively correlated with the work time encroachment behavior score（r=0.544，P<0.01）. The electronic communication during non-working hours and emotional exhaustion could jointly explain 34.3% of the variation in the work time encroachment behavior of nurses in the interventional rehabilitation department. Conclusion Electronic communication during non-working hours and emotional exhaustion of nurses in the interventional rehabilitation department are closely related to the work time encroachment behavior. Reducing the level of electronic communication during non-working hours and emotional exhaustion is conducive to reducing the work time encroachment behavior of nurses in the interventional rehabilitation department.

Analysis on status of work performance of respiratory nurses in Sichuan Province and its correlation with work withdrawal behavior and occupational psychological resilience

PENG Lihong, HUANG Feng, YANG Liu, LIU Xi, QIN Wei

2026, 42(6):  777-781. 

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Objective To investigate the current status of work performance of respiratory nurses in Sichuan Province，analyze the influencing factors，and provide reference for improving their work performance and ensuring patient safety. Methods In December 2024，313 respiratory nurses in Sichuan Province were conveniently selected as the research subjects. The general information questionnaires，the occupational psychological resilience scale，the work withdrawal behavior scale，and the work performance scale were used for the investigation，followed by data analysis. Results The occupational psychological resilience score of 313 respiratory nurses in Sichuan Province was （76.46±11.39）points，the work withdrawal behavior score was （37.88±6.04）points，and the work performance score was （36.69±5.81）points. The occupational psychological resilience score was negatively correlated with the work withdrawal behavior score and positively correlated with the work performance score（all P<0.01）. The work withdrawal behavior score was negatively correlated with the work performance score（P<0.01）. The age，professional title，personal monthly income，and department atmosphere were the main influencing factors of nurses' work performance（all P<0.05）. The work withdrawal behavior played a partial mediating role between occupational psychological resilience and work performance，and the mediating effect accounted for 50.8% of the total effect. Conclusions The work performance of respiratory nurses in Sichuan Province is at a medium level and needs to be improved. The partial mediating role of work withdrawal behavior between occupational psychological resilience and work performance is established. The managers can enhance nurses' work performance by improving their occupational psychological resilience and reducing their work withdrawal behavior.

Analysis of the epidemiological characteristics of pertussis in Heze City from 2019 to 2023

FENG Can, MENG Xiaoming, MA Jingcang, TAO Zexin

2026, 42(6):  782-786. 

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Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of pertussis in Heze City of Shandong Province from 2019 to 2023，and provide scientific basis for making pertussis prevention and controlling plans and improving immunization strategy in Heze City. Methods The data of reported pertussis cases in Heze City from 2019 to 2023 were collected through the Chinese Disease Prevention and Control Information System and Heze Pertussis Case Database，so as to analyze the epidemiological characteristics of pertussis in Heze City. Results There were 550 pertussis cases reported in Heze City from 2019 to 2023，with an average annual incidence of 1.26/100 000，and the annual incidence ranged from 0.17/100 000 to 2.25/100 000.There was a statistically significant difference in the incidence of different years（P<0.05），the incidence was relatively high in 2019，relatively low in 2020，and increased from 2021 to 2022.The incidence of pertussis with seasonal characteristic chiefly occurred in the annual July to August.These cases of pertussis prevailed in 10 counties and districts of Heze City，and concentrated in Caoxian County，Chengwu County and Mudan District，with a total proportion of 58.36%.The incidence ranged from 0.29/100 000 to 3.83/100 000 in each county，and the incidence of each county and district was statistically significant（P<0.05）.Infants under 6 months had a high proportion，accounted for 24.55%. Conclusion The reported incidence of pertussis in Heze City from 2019 to 2023 was lower than the national average level from 2018 to 2022.The incidence of pertussis decreased rapidly on the whole and then rebounded.There were regional distribution differences of the incidence in various counties and districts of Heze City，and the incidence population was mainly scattered children.Thus，it is urgent to continuously improve the coverage rate of children's pertussis vaccine，reinforce the monitoring sensitivity and diagnostic ability of medical institutions，and optimize the pertussis immunization strategy in Heze City in accordance with the requirements of the national immunization programme.

Current status and influencing factors of forgiveness tendencies among master's students in nursing profession

LI Rufa, CAO Yingfei, CHEN Jinyan, NIU Yarong, AN Lijun

2026, 42(6):  787-791. 

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Objective To understand the current status and influencing factors of forgiveness tendencies among master's students in nursing profession in 10 tertiary grade A hospitals in Xi'an City，analyze the relationship between forgiveness tendencies and growth mindset，vocational calling，and provide the basis for positive psychology interventions for master's students in nursing profession. Methods From January to August 2024，a cross-sectional survey was conducted using a convenience sampling method to select 272 postgraduate nursing students from 10 tertiary grade A hospitals in Xi'an City. An online survey was administered，which included a general information survey form，the forgiveness tendency scale，the growth mindset scale，and the vocational calling scale. The univariate and multivariate analysis were employed to identify the primary influencing factors of forgiveness tendencies among these students. Results The average score for forgiveness tendency among the 272 postgraduate nursing students in 10 tertiary grade A hospitals in Xi'an City was （99.75±21.33）points，with a self-forgiveness score of （45.36±10.00）points and a forgiving others score of （54.38±11.84）points. The multivariate analysis indicated that personality traits，growth mindset，and vocational calling levels were the main influencing factors of forgiveness tendencies among postgraduate nursing students（all P<0.01）. Conclusions The level of forgiveness tendency among master's students in nursing profession in 10 tertiary grade A hospitals in Xi'an City is at moderate level. The managers should focus on nursing graduate students with introverted personalities，growth mindset，and low professional calling levels，and implement multi-faceted interventions to enhance their forgiveness tendencies，improve their physical and mental health，promote their positive psychological development，and ultimately improve the quality of nursing teams.

Construction of the evaluation index system of pre-hospital emergency medical doctor competency based on analytic hierarchy process

DU Hongmei, WANG Jian, LI Yunpeng, LIU Xuejing, TAN Peize, TANG Feng

2026, 42(6):  792-795. 

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Objective To establish a set of index system suitable for evaluating the competency of pre-hospital emergency medical doctors，in order to provide reference and guidance for the formulation of relevant personnel access and selection standards. Methods To establish preliminarily the competency index evaluation system of pre-hospital emergency medical doctors through the literature search，behavioral event interviews，expert questionnaires and other methods. The Delphi expert consultation method and iceberg theory analysis method were used to conduct two rounds of consultation with 20 experts in order to evaluate and validate the index system，and the analytic hierarchy process method and expert importance assignment equal distribution method were used to calculate the weight of the indicators. Results Both rounds of expert questionnaires were fully collected，with an effective recovery rate of 100%，an expert authority coefficient of 0.93，and the expert coordination coefficients of the first and second level indicators in the second round of 0.396 and 0.266，respectively（both P<0.01）. The final competency evaluation index system of pre-hospital emergency medical doctors included 7 first-level indicators and 42 second-level indicators，among which the highest weight was the implicit indicator[professional ethics and literacy（0.351 6）] and the highest combined weight was the ideal and belief of life first and people first（0.135 6）. Conclusion The credibility and representativeness of the expert consultation are high. The characteristics and required quality and ability of pre-hospital emergency medical doctors are comprehensively considered by the exploration and construction of the competency index evaluation system，which is both reasonable and scientific. The competency-based model is helpful to construct a professional evaluation and selection mechanism，which can help pre-hospital emergency medical service institutions and health administrative departments to assess the ability and level of relevant personnel.

Mediating role of psychological resilience in the relationship between work environment and career success among standardized training nurses

YANG Simin, YANG Lu, WANG Cui, PENG Xueping

2026, 42(6):  796-800. 

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Objective To explore the current status of career success among standardized training nurses and the mediating effect of related factors，in order to provide theoretical support for the development of management policies for this group. Methods In December 2023，standardized training nurses from two tertiary hospitals in Chengdu City were selected as study participants. Data were collected using the nurses' psychological resilience scale，the nursing work environment scale，and the career success scale. Statistical analysis were conducted to evaluate the results. Results Among the 215 standardized training nurses surveyed，the mean score for career success was （34.71±6.77）points，psychological resilience was （80.93±14.21）points，and work environment was （92.26±10.12）points. Univariate analysis indicated that monthly salary and whether the nurse had received psychological training were significantly associated with the differences in work environment scores（all P<0.05）. Gender，age，education level，monthly salary， and psychological training were significantly associated with the differences in psychological resilience scores（all P<0.05）. Education level，monthly salary and psychological training also showed significant differences in career success scores（all P<0.05）. Mediation analysis revealed that psychological resilience played a mediating role in the relationship between work environment and career success，accounting for 33.85% of the total effect. Conclusion Nursing managers should focus on improving the practice environment and enhancing psychological resilience of standardized training nurses to foster their career success，and promoting the stable development of both individual nurses and the nursing workforce.

Mediating effect of emotional exhaustion on perceived organizational support and driving behavior in bus drivers

FU Xiao, SHEN Yuhua, GUAN Chunlan, WANG Ge, ZANG Bilan, WANG Fang

2026, 42(6):  801-805. 

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Objective To understand the relationship between perceived organizational support，emotional exhaustion and driving behavior among bus drivers，and explore the mediating role of emotional exhaustion between perceived organizational support and driving behavior，so as to lay the foundation for improving the driving behavior of bus drivers. Methods In June 2024，the convenience sampling method was used to select 578 bus drivers from six bus companies in Anhui Province as survey respondents. A cross-sectional survey was performed by using the organizational support scale，emotional exhaustion scale，and driving behavior scale，and the data were analyzed. Results The scores of driving behavior，emotional exhaustion and perceived organizational support scale were （23.88±9.06），（8.17±6.77） and （76.42±18.71）points，respectively. The perceived organizational support was negatively correlated with driving behavior（r=-0.611，P<0.01），the emotional exhaustion was positively correlated with driving behavior（r=0.667，P<0.01），and the perceived organizational support was negatively correlated with emotional exhaustion（r=-0.600，P<0.01）. The mediation effect test showed that bus drivers' emotional exhaustion partially mediated between perceived organizational support and driving behavior（effect value=-0.256，95%CI：-0.342--0.183），and the mediation effect accounted for 36.80% of the total effect. Conclusions The perceived organizational support can not only directly influence bus drivers' driving behavior，but also indirectly influence driving behavior through the mediating effect of emotional exhaustion. The bus companies can improve drivers' perceived organizational support and level of emotional exhaustion，and thus driving behavior，by improving compensation and promotion systems，establishing effective communication and feedback channels，and improving employee benefits.

Original article

Impact of PM_2.5 on incidence of influenza among residents in Nanshan District of Shenzhen City

LI Zongnan, ZHANG Lan, YANG Pei, YUAN Jianhui

2026, 42(6):  806-811. 

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Objective To investigate the influence of fine particulate matter（PM_2.5） on the incidence of influenza among residents in Nanshan District of Shenzhen City，and provide data support for preventing influenza outbreaks. Methods The air pollutants，meteorological monitoring data and influenza monitoring data from 2019 to 2023 were collected. The generalized additive model （GAM） was used to fit single pollutant model and double pollutant model to analyze the influence of PM_2.5 on the incidence of influenza among residents in Nanshan District of Shenzhen City. Results PM_2.5 had the most significant effect on the incidence of influenza in residents with a cumulative lag of 0-2 days（lag02）. Every increase of PM_2.5 concentration of 10 μg/m³ increased the risk of influenza incidence by 1.53%（95%CI：1.008-1.022）. In men and women，the relative risk（RR） was 1.014（95%CI：1.007-1.022，P<0.05） and 1.017（95%CI：1.010-1.024，P<0.05），respectively. In age stratification，PM_2.5 had the greatest effect on 0-<5 years old，with an RR value of 1.017（95%CI：1.011-1.024，P<0.05）. In the seasonal stratification，PM_2.5 had the most significant effect on the incidence of influenza when the temperature drops，and its RR value was 1.029（95%CI：1.023-1.034，P<0.05）. Conclusion The short-term exposure of PM_2.5 affects the incidence of influenza among residents in Nanshan District of Shenzhen City，the susceptible population is children aged 0-<5 years old，and the cold season is the high incidence season.

Visual analysis of occupational health and safety research among medical radiation technicians

ZHANG Peng, FANG Liang, ZHOU Xuewei, LIU Caiyong, ZHANG Hong

2026, 42(6):  812-816. 

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Objective To explore the hot spots and future research trends in the field of occupational health and safety of medical radiology technicians at home and abroad. Methods Based on the relevant literature of China National Knowledge Infrastructure （CNKI） database and Web of Science core database，CiteSpace-6.3.1（64bit） software was used to analyze the number of documents，publishing institutions and keywords of occupational health and safety of medical radiology technicians from 2004 to 2024，and draw the corresponding co-occurrence map. Results The domestic and foreign literature showed an overall trend of first increasing and then decreasing. The number of Chinese literature was 431，with 96 institutions participating in the study，and 245 English literature，with 43 countries participating in the study. The research hotspots at home and abroad mainly focus on ionizing radiation，occupational health and radiation protection. At the same time，there are many studies on ionizing radiation during percutaneous coronary intervention. The research frontier at home and abroad has continued to the fields of cancer incidence and chromosomal aberrations among radiation technicians. Conclusion It is necessary to strengthen international exchanges and cooperation，accelerate the introduction and use of new protective equipment，and enhance the prevention of radiation-induced cancer and genetic diseases.

Treatise

Trend and hotspot analysis of emotional stability researches based on CiteSpace

HU Hui, JI Jing, XING Wanying, WANG Xiuchao

2026, 42(6):  817-824. 

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Objective Based on the related literature of emotional stability literacy in the China National Knowledge Infrastructure （CNKI） database，this study aims to sort out the research status in this filed and explore its research hotspots and development trends，in order to provide reference for future research. Methods Using the core collection of CNKI as the literature source，the CiteSpace 6.1.6 software was used to screen the literature related to emotional stability published from January 1，1985 to June 2，2024，and the visual analysis was performed on the number of publications，author，collaboration networks among institutions，keyword nodes，as well as research hotspots. Results A total of 616 valid literature were included. The overall trend of the number of publications showed an initial increase，followed by a decrease in volatility，and finally a stable development. The author with the highest number of publications was YANG Lizhu. The publishing institutions were relatively scattered，with a small number of cooperative groups but mostly concentrated within the field，and the cross-disciplinary and inter-institutional collaboration were limited. The top five keywords in co-occurrence analyses were personality，students，mental health，military personnel，and coping strategies，while the keywords emerging in the past five years included parents，parent-child relationships，mediating effects，and academic performance. Keyword clustering mainly focused on personality，college students，mental health，and cognitive ability. Conclusion Currently，researches on emotional stability in China has made significant progress. The future studies should focus on developing targeted measurement tools，and incorporating emerging technological approaches to play a monitoring and early warning role of emotional stability，particularly in high-risk and high-pressure occupational groups.

Investigation and Research

Analysis of the factors influencing the lymphocyte micronucleus level in medical radiation workers

MEI Dan, MA Kui, CHENG Jing, LUO Wei, WANG Jing, WANG Fang

2026, 42(6):  825-828. 

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Objective To explore the influencing factors of micronucleus levels in peripheral blood lymphocytes of medical radiation workers. Methods A total of 716 radiation workers who participated in occupational health examinations at the Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention in 2023 were selected as the research subjects. Among them，536 workers who underwent occupational health examinations during their employment were the exposed group，while 180 workers who underwent pre-employment occupational health examinations at the same institution in the same year were the control group. Descriptive analysis，univariate analysis，and multivariate Poisson regression were used to analyze the micronucleus examination results and influencing factors of medical radiation workers. Results Compared among different job types，the annual effective dose[M（P₂₅，P₇₅）] of the nuclear medicine group was the highest[0.22（0.11，0.38）mSv]，followed by the interventional radiology group[0.13（0.06，0.22）mSv]，with statistically significant differences between groups（P<0.05）. Compared with different exposure durations， the annual effective dose of the group with an exposure duration of 1-<5 years was the highest[0.13（0.07，0.20）mSv]，and the group with an exposure duration of ≥20 years was the lowest，with statistically significant differences between groups（P<0.05）. The micronucleus rate and micronucleus detection rate in the exposed group were higher than those in the control group，and the differences were statistically significant（both P<0.05）. The micronucleus rate and micronucleus detection rate in the exposed group were positively correlated with age（both P<0.05）. The micronucleus rate and micronucleus detection rate in the exposed group were higher in females than in males（both P<0.05）. The micronucleus rate and micronucleus detection rate in the interventional diagnosis group were significantly higher than those in the control group（both P<0.05）. Conclusion Gender，age，and job type are influencing factors on the micronucleus rate and micronucleus detection rate of radiation workers. It is necessary to strengthen radiation protection for senior，female，and interventional radiation workers.

Health Management and Research

Practice and optimization path of improving Tianjin's health governance through cross-border knowledge flow

LIANG Liang, ZHANG Dapeng, WANG Lijun, DONG Jie, CHEN Jian

2026, 42(6):  829-833. 

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Objective To clarify the trend，thematic evolution and international participation structure of cross-border knowledge flow practices in Tianjin City，and explore in depth the optimization path of health governance in Tianjin City. Methods By collecting information on the hosting of international conferences in Tianjin City from various sources and constructing a database，this study employs horizontal，vertical，and structural analyses to delve into the historical development and current status of cross-border knowledge flow in Tianjin City. Results From 2017 to 2024，a total of 86 Tianjin health international conferences were held，increasing from 6 in 2017 to 18 in 2024，showing a steady growth trend in scale. The clinical medicine related conferences accounted for 80%，traditional Chinese medicine accounted for 12%，and public health and preventive medicine accounted for 7%. With the development of traditional Chinese medicine and public health，a cross-border knowledge flow pattern had gradually formed，which was guided by clinical medicine and integrates traditional Chinese medicine，public health，and preventive medicine. The highest number of clinical medicine and traditional Chinese medicine conferences with participation from the United States were 49 and 9，respectively. The number of international public health conferences with South Korean participation was the highest，at 5. The internationalization structure had shifted from being dominated by Europe and America to expanding towards diversification and globalization. Conclusions There is still room for improvement in the international conference brand effect driven high-quality cross-border knowledge exchange，international conference theme structure layout，two-way flow of cross-border knowledge，and achievement transformation in Tianjin's cross-border knowledge flow. In order to promote high-quality cross-border knowledge exchange，efforts can be made to enhance the stability and resilience of international cooperation，optimize the theme structure of international conferences，and improve the precision，long-term effectiveness，and integration of cross-border knowledge exchange mechanisms to promote the improvement of the health governance system and capacity.

Quantitative evaluation of policy of public health rmergencies in China based on policy modeling consistency index model

WEI Yixuan, YE Yuxiu, LI Yanhui, LI Zhijie, LI Yichen

2026, 42(6):  834-839. 

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Objective To systematically analyze the macro environment of current public health emergency policy in China，provide scientific and rigorous theoretical support and decision-making reference for policy formulation and system optimization of public health emergency based on policy tools. Methods The focus was on the typical policies and measures for public health emergencies formulated at the national level from January 1，2000 to January 1，2023. Based on the theoretical support of policy modeling consistency（PMC） index model，the relevant policies and measures adopted in response to public health emergencies in China were evaluated numerically. Results The results of PMC index model showed that the average value of PMC index was 7.67 in 14 public health emergency policies formulated in China. Of the 14 policies，six were rated excellent while eight were rated good. The policy with the highest PMC index score was the National Public Health Emergency Response Plan，with a score of 8.45. The policy with the lowest score was the Regulations on Emergency Handling of Entry-exit Inspection and Quarantine for Public Health Emergencies at Frontier Ports，with a score of 6.68. Conclusion The overall scientific and rigorous policy of public health emergencies in China has played a significant role in effective prevention，rapid response and continuous elimination of public health emergencies and their hazards，but it still needs to be continuously optimized and improved according to changes in China's national conditions in the future.

Research on construction and application of record management system for biosafety laboratories

ZHANG Yuhang, LU Yaoqin, DING Lei, XIA Mengjie, TIAN Feng, YU Jing

2026, 42(6):  840-848. 

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Objective To construct a scientific，standardized and efficient biosafety laboratory filing management system and promote its application，so as to cope with the many challenges existing in the current filing work of China's biosafety laboratories，and to ensure that the laboratories operate in a safe and compliant environment. Methods Using literature analysis，policy analysis，expert interviews and on-site practice，the study designed a standardized filing process and standards，established an expert database according to the selection requirements，developed a filing management platform for biosafety laboratories based on the browser/server architecture，chose the Xinjiang region for practical application，and carried out a full-coverage survey to validate the effectiveness of the system. Results A biosafety laboratory filing management system including filing process，standards，management platform and expert database has been constructed，and full coverage of the application in Xinjiang has been achieved. As of October 2024，Urumqi region has the highest percentage of registered filing units（15.51%），unified filing process and standards，which significantly improved the efficiency and transparency of the filing work，and realized the informatization of the filing work and geographic visualization，and the user satisfaction score reached 4.26 points. The average number of filing of BSL-1 laboratories was 174，and the filing rate has increased from 65.43% to 85.76%，the average number of BSL-2 laboratories filed was 125，and the filing rate has increased from 80.35% to 97.89%，which effectively enhanced the quality of the filing work. The expert pool covered experts in many fields，including laboratory biosafety（67.00%），microbiology（13.00%），environmental science（7.00%），infectious disease（9.00%） and bioinformation and system management（4.00%），and the professionalism and authority of the filing process has been enhanced. Conclusions The construction and application of this system not only effectively dealt with the current difficulties in filing management，but also provided a strong guarantee for the safe operation of biosafety laboratories in China. Through further promotion of this system，the standardization of filing management can be improved nationwide，helping to achieve new heights of development in the management of biosafety laboratories in China.

Investigation on construction and testing status of AIDS screening laboratory in Anyang City

ZHU Weina, YANG Wenbo, ZHANG Xin, WANG Jinliang, ZHI Jianjun

2026, 42(6):  849-853. 

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Objective To comprehensively investigate the distribution，personnel qualification，equipment and testing of AIDS screening laboratories in Anyang City，master the quality control level，biosafety，reagent management in laboratories，understand the difficulties and problems in actual work，establish and improve the network of AIDS screening laboratories in Anyang City，and provide scientific basis for the quality improvement of AIDS testing in the city. Methods The information and testing data of AIDS screening laboratories in Anyang City in 2023 was retrieved through the "National AIDS Testing Laboratory Information Management System". The regional distribution，personnel qualifications，laboratory construction coverage，quality management and testing status of AIDS screening laboratories in Anyang City were analyzed in combination with the quality assessment，field research and supervision report of AIDS screening laboratories in 2023. Results There were 52 AIDS screening laboratories in use in Anyang City，the construction rate of AIDS screening laboratories in medical institutions above levelⅡ（including levelⅡ） was 81.25%，12 medical institutions had not established AIDS screening laboratories，and they were all county（city，district） level secondary medical institutions. The coverage rate of screening laboratories in each county（city，district） has reached 100.00%. The average geographical distribution density of AIDS screening laboratories in Anyang City was 0.70/100 km²，the average number of laboratories serving every 10 000 people in the city was 0.10，and there was a gap in the geographical distribution density of laboratories and the number of laboratories serving every 10 000 people among counties（cities，districts）. The human resource allocation of laboratories in all counties（cities，districts） met 100.00% of the screening laboratory requirements. The participation rate and pass rate for the quality evaluation of screening laboratories in 2023 were both 100.00%. The number of excellent（A level），good（B level），medium（C level），and poor（D level） laboratories was 6（11.54%），12（23.08%），32（61.54%），and 2（3.85%），respectively. The total number of HIV antibody screening tests in Anyang City was 965 652 person-time，with 623 response cases and an average response rate of 0.065%. There were statistically significant differences in the response rate of screening and the proportion of resident population among counties（cities and districts），and in the response rate of screening among different types of institutions. Conclusions The establishment and gradual improvement of the testing network of AIDS screening laboratories in Anyang City basically meet the needs of AIDS testing in the city. The human resources allocation in each laboratory is reasonable，and the daily management is relatively complete. However，the testing capabilities of laboratories are uneven in counties（cities and districts），so it is necessary to further improve the construction rate and detection coverage of AIDS screening laboratories，and strengthen laboratory construction and quality management.

Overview

Research progress on current situation and intervention of nurse's empathy fatigue

DONG Xiaoyan, WANG Yafang

2026, 42(6):  854-858. 

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The compassion fatigue is a state of emotional exhaustion that occurs when helpers are exposed to empathetic pressure for a long time or frequently experience the pain of their clients. Nurses，as a typical helper group in the medical environment，are a high-risk group for compassion fatigue. The compassion fatigue can have a negative impact on the physical and mental health of nurses，patient safety，nursing quality，and the management of nursing human resources in medical institution. The article summarizes the concept of compassion fatigue in the nursing field，the current situation，symptom manifestations，and hazards of nurse's compassion fatigue，and provides a systematic review of intervention methods for nurse's compassion fatigue，in order to provide reference for preventing and improving nurse's compassion fatigue.

Research progress on current situation of medical staff's radiation exposure and protective measures in interventional surgery

XU Wei, GONG Ping, LI Mengya, DOU Yingru

2026, 42(6):  859-864. 

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During interventional surgeries，cardiovascular imaging techniques are indispensable. Besides the surgical patients，the medical staff in the operating room are also exposed to a large amount of radiation. This article reviews the overview of diagnostic and interventional imaging operations in interventional surgeries，the current situation of radiation exposure during interventional procedures，radiation protection measures，and future research prospects，in order to reduce the radiation exposure risks for both the medical staff in the operating room and the patients，and provide references for radiation protection and safety management during interventional surgeries.