Table of Content

01 March 2026, Volume 42 Issue 5

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Treatise

Analysis of monitoring results of occupational hazards in workplaces in Nanjing City from 2020 to 2024

FENG Lei, WU Wen, WANG Ning

2026, 42(5):  577-581. 

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Objective To grasp the distribution of occupational hazard factors in Nanjing City，and to lay a theoretical foundation for the subsequent adjustment and formulation of occupational disease prevention and control. Methods Based on the occupational hazard factor monitoring project in Nanjing City from 2020 to 2024，relevant data was extracted from the Workplace Occupational Hazard Factor Monitoring System and analyzed. Results The over-standard rate of 1 404 enterprises was 33.83%，the over-standard rate of occupational hazard factor posts was 12.27%，and there were statistically significant differences in the over-standard rate of dust and noise in different years and posts（all P<0.01）. The exposure rate of chemical factors and noise showed an increasing trend year by year（both P<0.01）. The distribution rate of noise-absorbing articles showed an increasing trend，while the wearing rate showed a decreasing trend（both P<0.01）. The coverage rate of occupational health examination was 84.90%，and the abnormal rate of dust，chemical toxins，and noise showed an increasing trend，while the re-examination rate of noise showed a decreasing trend（all P<0.01）. Silicon dust，manganese，and their inorganic compounds all exceeded the standard in different years， and the differences in the over-standard rate were statistically significant（all P<0.05）. Conclusion The situation of occupational hazards exceeding the standard in key industries' workplaces in Nanjing City cannot be ignored，the situation of noise and silica dust exceeding the standard is still relatively serious，and it is necessary to further optimize supervision，strengthen noise control，implement occupational health responsibilities，and improve protection awareness.

Application of four risk assessment methods in occupational health risk assessment of silica dust in mining industry

LI Yong, ZHOU Dan, ZHANG Hong, CHEN Hao, YANG Bing

2026, 42(5):  582-586. 

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Objective To explore the applicability of four risk assessment methods in the occupational health risk assessment of silica dust in mining enterprises，and to provide basis for optimizing occupational health management in mining industry. Methods From May to December 2024，dust concentration testing was conducted targeting 7 types of silica dust operation posts across 18 mining enterprises in Dazhou City，the modified dust operation classification method，semi-quantitative exposure ratio method，occupational hazard risk index method，and the modified International Council on Mining and Metals（ICMM） quantitative assessment method were used to conduct occupational health risk assessment. The consistency of the assessment results of various methods was tested，and the correlation between the assessment results and E/OEL was analyzed. Results The highest exposure concentration of time weighted average（C_TWA） of silica dust in seven types of positions（tunneling，screening，crushing，cutting，drilling，loading， and transportation） was 2.69，0.37，0.65，0.69，0.57，2.02，and 2.79 mg/m³，respectively，and the occupational health risk level of silica dust hazards to tunneling，loading and transportation workers was relatively high. The correlations between the results of the four assessment methods and E/OEL were all extremely strong. Among them，the correlations between the assessment results of the modified dust operation classification method，semi-quantitative exposure ratio method，occupational hazard risk index method，and modified ICMM method and E/OEL were r_s=0.866，0.926，0.898，and 0.926，respectively（all P<0.05）. The results of various evaluation methods were not completely consistent. Among them，the assessment results of the modified dust operation index method was relatively low and conservative，and there were no high-risk positions in the result. The semi-quantitative contact ratio method was overall on the high side，and as a result，there were no low-risk positions. The occupational hazard risk index method and the modified ICMM quantitative assessment method were more in line with the actual situation of silica dust operations in the mining industry，and the consistency between the two was relatively strong（Kappa=0.641，P<0.05）. Conclusion Tunneling，loading and transportation workers have relatively high occupational health risks. The occupational hazard risk index method and the modified ICMM quantitative assessment method have good applicability in the occupational health risk assessment of silica dust in the mining industry.

Investigation and correlation analysis of technical stress，psychological capital and job burnout of cardiology nurses

ZHANG Jiajie, QIU Pan, JIA Mengqiao

2026, 42(5):  587-591. 

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Objective To investigate the status quo of technical stress，psychological capital and job burnout of cardiology nurses and analyze the correlation among them，so as to provide objective evidence for clinical improvement of the job burnout level of cardiology nurses and improvement of clinical nursing work efficiency. Methods Nurses in the cardiology department of 9 grade-A tertiary hospitals in Beijing from January to February 2025 were selected as the survey subjects by random sampling. The technical stress scale，psychological capital scale and job burnout scale were used to investigate and analyze. Results A total of 178 cardiology nurses were included in the survey，the scores of technical stress，psychological capital and job burnout were（72.45±14.26），（92.48±15.32） and （62.32±12.85）points，respectively. There were statistically significant differences in the scores of technical stress among cardiology nurses with different age，total clinical nursing work hours，professional titles，average monthly total income and average monthly total number of shifts（all P<0.05）. Job burnout was positively correlated with technical stress（r=0.582，P<0.01），and negatively correlated with psychological capital（r=-0.609，P<0.01）. Psychological capital was positively correlated with technical stress（r=-0.576，P<0.01）. Psychological capital of cardiology nurses had a partial mediating effect in the relationship between technical stress and job burnout，with a mediating effect of 0.249（accounting for 47.70% of the total effect）. Conclusion The technical stress and job burnout of cardiology nurses are both at a high level，and technical stress can indirectly affect their job burnout level through psychological capital. Nursing managers should take active measures to reduce the technical stress of cardiology nurses and improve their psychological capital level in order to reduce their job burnout level.

Analysis of the current situation and influencing factors of alexithymia and job burnout in kindergarten teachers

WU Meijun, SHU Yanping, YANG Juying, HOU Yongzhe, ZHAO Xingling

2026, 42(5):  592-596. 

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Objective To investigate the current situation of alexithymia and professional burnout among kindergarten teachers，and analyze the correlation and influencing factors between the two，so as to provide a basis for alleviating kindergarten teachers' professional burnout and promoting the development of preschool education. Methods With the teachers of 9 public kindergartens in Guizhou Province as the research objects，290 kindergarten teachers were randomly selected as the investigation objects by using the general information questionnaire，the 20-item Toronto alexithymia scale（TAS-20） and the Maslach burnout inventory-educators survey（MBI-ES） to conduct a questionnaire survey，and pearson correlation analysis and hierarchical regression analysis were conducted. Results The average score of burnout among 290 kindergarten teachers was （2.90±0.33）points，and the average score of alexithymia was （3.11±0.56）points. Pearson correlation analysis showed that there were positive correlations between the scores of various factors of alexithymia and the scores of various factors of burnout of kindergarten teachers（all P<0.01）. Further hierarchical regression analysis revealed that lack of emotional discrimination ability and extroverted thinking were the risk factors leading to job burnout of kindergarten teachers. Conclusion There is a certain degree of job burnout in kindergarten teachers. Alexithymia is positively correlated with job burnout. Measures such as improving the career development support system and establishing a psychological adaptation mechanism for teachers should be taken to prevent or alleviate burnout of kindergarten teachers.

Effects of cornus officinalis glycosides on proliferation and apoptosis of chondrocytes in human osteoarthritis exposed to cadmium based on miR-655/SMAD7/IL-1β signaling pathway

BAI Bo, MA Jialiang, LIU Yongquan, ZHANG Yujian, CHEN Guodong, GONG Shan

2026, 42(5):  597-603. 

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Objective To explore the effect of cornus officinalis glycosides on proliferation and apoptosis of chondrocytes in human osteoarthritis exposed to cadmium based on microRNA-655（miR-655）/Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 7（SMAD7）/Interleukin-1β（IL-1β） signaling pathway. Methods The cell experiments were conducted in the molecular biology laboratory of Qinhuangdao First Hospital from January to October 2024. The human osteoarthritis chondrocytes were divided into control group，cadmium exposure group（10 μmol/L），cornus officinalis glycosides（10 μmol/L） group，and cornus officinalis glycosides（50 μmol/L） group，and all groups were cultured for 72 hours. After the experiment，CCK-8 was used to measure cell proliferation，crystal violet staining was used to measure cell monoclonal formation，flow cytometry was used to measure cell apoptosis and cycle levels，and real-time fluorescence reverse transcription and Western blotting were used to measure cell miR-655，SMAD7，IL-1β levels，and cellular tumor necrosis factor-α（TNF-α） and interleukin-12（IL-12） levels were measured by ELISA method. Results Compared with the control group，the cell proliferation level of human osteoarthritis chondrocytes（hOACs） in the cadmium exposure group [survival rate：[（34.56±1.41）% vs 92.74±3.32）%]，the number of cell monoclones formed（152.32±10.55 vs 605.65±48.65），SMAD7 mRNA（0.97±0.03 vs 4.26±0.19） and protein expression（0.27±0.03 vs 1.29±0.12） were significantly reduced（all P<0.05），while apoptosis rate[（2.95±0.12）% vs （12.92±0.85）%]，G2/M phase ratio[（44.27±4.45）% vs （10.16±1.37）%]，miR-655 mRNA（5.24±0.23 vs 0.99±0.04），IL-1β mRNA（4.32±0.53 vs 0.63±0.07） and protein（1.10±0.12 vs 0.21±0.03），TNF-α（459.22±46.32 vs 67.52±5.66） and IL-12 protein expression（632.25±45.57 vs 89.44±4.26） were significantly increased（all P<0.05）. In the cornus officinalis glycosides（50 μmol/L）groups，the hOACs cell proliferation level[survival rate：（79.35±1.94）% vs （34.56±1.41）%]，the number of cell monoclonal formation（498.54±31.22 vs 152.32±10.55） and SMAD7 mRNA（3.79±0.17 vs 0.97±0.03） and protein expression（0.99±0.09 vs 0.27±0.03） were significantly higher than those in the cadmium exposure group（all P<0.05）. The apoptosis rate[（10.99±0.65）% vs （2.95±0.12）%]，G2/M phase ratio[（13.59±2.64）% vs （44.27±4.45）%]，miR-655 mRNA（1.23±0.07 vs 5.24±0.23），IL-1β mRNA（0.85±0.10 vs 4.32±0.53） and protein（0.39±0.04 vs 1.10±0.12），TNF-α（105.25±10.22 vs 459.22±46.32） and IL-12 protein expression（159.67±23.65 vs 632.25±45.57） were significantly lower than those in the cadmium exposure group（all P<0.05）. The proliferation level[（79.35%±1.94）% vs（64.25±1.80）%]，the number of cell monoclonal formation（498.54±31.22 vs 254.12±20.12），SMAD7 mRNA（3.79±0.17 vs 1.21±0.04） and protein expression（0.99±0.09 vs 0.65±0.07） in cornus officinalis glycosides（50 μmol/L） group were significantly higher than those in the 10 μmol/L group（all P<0.05）. The apoptosis rate[（10.99±0.65）% vs （5.97±0.24）%]，G2/M phase ratio[（13.59±2.64）% vs （20.36±2.27）%]，miR-655 mRNA（1.23±0.07 vs 3.32±0.14），IL-1β mRNA（0.85±0.10 vs 2.74±0.20） and protein（0.39±0.04 vs 0.62±0.06），TNF-α（105.25±10.22 vs 254.21±35.21） and IL-12 protein expression（159.67±23.65 vs 322.02±29.54） in cornus officinalis glycosides（50 μmol/L） group were significantly lower than those in the 10 μmol/L group（all P<0.05）. Conclusion The cornus officinalis glycosides can promote the proliferation of cadmium-exposed human osteoarthritis chondrocytes，inhibit their apoptosis，and play a significant protective role in the damage of human osteoarthritis chondrocytes caused by cadmium exposure，it is related to the activation of the miR-655/SMAD7/IL-1β signaling pathway in inflammatory chondrocytes.

Analysis of drug resistance phenotypes and genotypes of Salmonella enteritidis in Chengde City from 2022 to 2023

ZHANG Jing, PAN Chao, LI Caiyun, SHI Tingting, DIAO Danhong

2026, 42(5):  604-608. 

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Objective To investigate drug resistance of Salmonella enteritidis isolated from diarrhea cases in Chengde City，and analyze the association between drug resistance phenotype and drug resistance genotype. Methods Thirty strains of Salmonella enteritidis isolated from feces of diarrhea patients in sentinel hospital of Chengde City from 2022 to 2023 were collected，and serological identification，drug susceptibility test and whole genome sequencing were carried out. According to the sequencing results，the serotypes and drug resistance genotypes of the tested strains were obtained from the SeqSero2 serotyping database and ResFinder resistance gene database on the website of the center for genomic epidemiology（CGE），and the drug resistance phenotypes and drug resistance genes were analyzed. Results Totally 30 strains were identified as Salmonella enteritidis by routine serotyping method，which was consistent with the serotype predicted by SeqSero2 database. All strains were resistant to nalidixic acid，followed by ampicillin，streptomycin，ampicillin/sulbactam and tetracycline，with drug resistance rates of 73.33%，46.67%，36.67% and 30.00%，respectively，and multi-drug resistance rate of 53.33%. A total of 23 drug resistance genes in 7 classes were detected by whole genome sequencing，and aminoglycoside drug resistance genes carried the highest rate. The overall coincidence rate of drug resistance phenotype and drug resistance genotype was 92.94%，and the results of drug resistance of tetracycline，ciprofloxacin， azithromycin and chloramphenicol were completely consistent with the sequencing results. Conclusion Salmonella enteritidis in Chengde area has serious drug resistance and multiple drug resistance，and whole genome sequencing can accurately predict its serotype and drug resistance genotype.

Evaluation of uncertainty in the determination of six pesticide residues in celery by QuEChERS-LC-MS/MS method

ZHAI Yanan, XU Qian, LIU Lingkun, SHAO Hanbing, LU Wei, YANG Fengyan

2026, 42(5):  609-613. 

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Objective To evaluate the uncertainty in the determination of six pesticide residues（difenoconazole，imidacloprid，acetamiprid，dinotefuran，pyrimethanil，and thiamethoxam） in celery using the QuEChERS-LC-MS/MS method. Methods The residues of the six pesticides in celery were determined according to GB 23200.121-2021 "National Food Safety Standard-Determination of Residues of 331 Pesticides and Their Metabolites in Foods of Plant Origin by Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry". A mathematical model was established to analyze and quantify the factors contributing to uncertainty，including sample weighing，standard solution preparation，standard curve fitting，repeatability，method recovery，and instrument performance. Results When the contents of difenoconazole，imidacloprid，acetamiprid，dinotefuran，pyrimethanil，and thiamethoxam in the samples were 4.56，1.36，1.38，0.850，20.2，and 1.48 mg/kg，respectively，the expanded uncertainties were 0.838，0.192，0.170，0.124，2.08，and 0.170 mg/kg. Conclusion The main sources of uncertainty in this method are instrument performance，standard curve fitting，repeatability，recovery，sample weighing，and standard solution preparation. The results of this assessment can provide a basis for the accuracy of pesticide residue measurements in celery using the QuEChERS-LC-MS/MS method.

Simultaneous determination of 10 tetracycline antibiotics and their metabolites in breast milk by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry

XU Siqi, LAI Miaoju, CUI Shudan, LI Qiang

2026, 42(5):  614-619. 

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Objective To establish an ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem triple quadrupole mass spectrometry（UHPLC-MS/MS） method for the simultaneous determination of 10 tetracycline antibiotics and their metabolites（including minocycline， oxytetracycline，tetracycline，etc.） in breast milk. Methods Breast milk samples were extracted with Na₂EDTA-Mcllvaine buffer（pH 4.0±0.5），purified using HLB solid-phase extraction（SPE） cartridges，and then reconstituted in mobile phase after nitrogen drying. Separation was performed on an Acquity UPLC BEH C₁₈ column，followed by detection in electrospray positive ionization mode（ESI⁺） with multiple reaction monitoring（MRM）. Quantification was achieved using matrix-matched calibration curves. Results The method demonstrated a good linearity for all 10 tetracyclines and their metabolites in the range of LOQ-22.5 μg/kg，with correlation coefficients（r）≥0.998. The limits of detection（LODs） ranged from 0.011 to 0.210 μg/kg，and the limits of quantification（LOQs） ranged from 0.036 to 0.700 μg/kg. The recoveries at spiked levels were 70.7%-118.0%，with precision between 2.01% and 11.70%. Conclusion This method is sensitive，rapid，and accurate，suitable for detecting of tetracycline antibiotics and their metabolites in breast milk samples of large-scale.

Monitoring and analysis of chemical pollutants and harmful factors in food in Huanggang City from 2013 to 2024

WANG Hongliang, WANG Fen, WANG Chihua, LIU Xueqin, ZHENG Yi

2026, 42(5):  620-624. 

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Objective To understand the pollution situation of chemical pollutants and harmful factors in food in Huanggang City from 2013 to 2024，identify the main contaminated food and pollution factors，and provide data support for food safety supervision in Huanggang City. Methods From 2013 to 2024，according to the food safety risk monitoring plan of Hubei Province and Huanggang City in the past years，5 066 samples of food were collected by random sampling method at 4 sampling stages in 1 district，2 cities and 7 counties of Huanggang City，221 indexes of 10 categories of sampled samples were detected. Results Among 14 661 monitoring indicators of 5 066 food samples，the overall detection rate of chemical pollutants in food was 61.9%，and the over-standard rate was 5.1%. The overall detection rate of each index was 35.6%，and the over-standard rate was 0.7%. The detection rate ranged from 35.0% to 78.4% in different years，and the over-standard rate ranged from 0.3% to 13.6% in different years. The detection rate and the over-standard rate of samples and monitoring indicators in different years were compared，and the differences were statistically significant（all P<0.01）. The main contaminated foods were artemisia（51 parts），youtiao（48 parts） and shiitake mushrooms（29 parts），of which the annual over-standard rate of cadmium in artemisia reached 50% or more. The main pollution factors were food additives（172 items） and heavy metals（77 items），with a high over-standard rate of heavy metals（8.2%）. There were statistically significant differences in the detection rate and over-standard rate of monitored food in different sampling links，seasons，regions，and packaging forms（all P<0.05）. Conclusion The overall condition of food sold in Huanggang City from 2013 to 2024 was good，with a high qualification rate，but some food pollutants exceeded the standard for a long time. Relevant departments should focus on the supervision of artemesia and youtiao to ensure the food safety of residents.

Analysis of epidemiological characteristic of biogenic foodborne disease outbreaks in Sichuan Province from 2019 to 2023

CHEN Wen, LIU Min, SONG Yang, ZHANG Yu, ZHOU Yujin

2026, 42(5):  625-630. 

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Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristic of biogenic foodborne disease outbreaks in Sichuan Province，so as to obtain the high-risk factors and the causes of food，and provide scientific basis for developing targeted prevention and control measures. Methods The epidemiological characteristics of biological foodborne disease outbreaks reported in national foodborne disease outbreak reporting system from 2019 to 2023 were analyzed. Results From 2019 to 2023，a total of 343 outbreaks of biological foodborne diseases were reported in Sichuan Province，with 3 140 cases and 2 deaths. The pathogenic factors were mainly bacteria，accounting for 97.08%（333/343），salmonella was the main type of bacteria，accounting for 72.30%（248/343）. June had the most events，accounting for 20.70%（71/343）. The Chengdu Plain Economic Zone reported the highest number of events，accounting for 69.39%（238/343）. The number of families was the largest，accounting for 46.65%（160/343）. The eggs and egg products reported the highest number of events，accounting for 54.81%（188/343）. Eggs and egg products，as well as meat and meat products，each caused 1 death，accounting for 50.00%. Among the foodborne disease outbreaks caused by Salmonella，eggs and egg products were the main cause food（72.98%，181/248），and the main triggering factors were raw material contamination or spoilage（31.85%，79/248）. Conclusion Salmonella poisoning and botulinum toxin poisoning remain the focus of prevention and control in Sichuan Province，and it is necessary to continue to strengthen public education for the public in summer and autumn and in key areas.

Analysis of disease burden and premature mortality probability of breast cancer and common malignant cancers of the reproductive system among females in Chaoyang District of Beijin City from 2003 to 2022

SONG Juan, HUANG Liyong, HE Li, SU Jianting, MENG Haiying

2026, 42(5):  631-636. 

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Objective To analyze the disease burden and premature mortality probability of breast cancer and common malignant cancers of the reproductive system among females in Chaoyang District of Beijing City，and to provide decision-making basis for formulating relevant prevention and control strategies. Methods The death registration data of female registered residents in Chaoyang District of Beijing City from 2003 to 2022 in the Beijing Death Registration and Reporting Information System were collected，and statistical indicators such as population mortality，standardized mortality，years of life lost（YLL），premature mortality probability and their average annual percent change（AAPC） for breast cancer and common malignant cancers of the reproductive system were analyzed. Excel 2016，SPSS 17.0 and Joinpoint 4.6.0.0 software were used for statistical analysis. Results From 2003 to 2022，the numbers of deaths from breast，cervical，uterine and ovarian cancers in women in Chaoyang District of Beijing City were 2 701，481，578 and 1 255 cases，respectively，and the crude mortality rate showed an upward trend（AAPC=2.490%，4.904%， 4.775%，5.544%，all P<0.01）. Age-specific mortality rates for breast，cervical，uterine and ovarian cancers showed an upward trend（AAPC=69.100%，43.286%，50.854%，44.424%，all P<0.01）. The probability of premature mortality for cervical，uterine and ovarian cancers showed an upward trend（AAPC=4.343%，3.062%，3.945%，all P<0.05）.The YLL rates of cervical，uterine and ovarian cancers showed an upward trend（AAPC= 4.093%，4.291%，4.408%，all P<0.05）. The crude mortality and YLL rates of breast cancer in the age group of ≥80 years showed an upward trend（AAPC=3.888%，3.538%，both P<0.01），the crude mortality and YLL rates of cervical cancer in the age group of 50-<60 years showed an upward trend（AAPC=8.643%， 8.545%，both P<0.05），the crude mortality rates of ovarian cancer in the age groups of 50-<60 and 60-<70 years showed an upward trend（AAPC=3.993%，5.450%，both P<0.05），and the YLL rate in the age groups of 60-<70 years showed an upward trend（AAPC=5.457%，P<0.05）. Conclusion From 2003 to 2022，the burden of breast cancer and common malignant cancers of the reproductive system in women in Chaoyang District of Beijing City are increasing，and the government should strengthen the prevention and control of breast cancer and common malignant cancers of the reproductive system. The mortality rate and YLL rate of ovarian cancer are higher than those of cervical and uterine cancers，so more attention should be paid to the prevention and control of ovarian cancer.

Analysis of the current situation and influencing factors of work-family conflict among married working women

GUO Tengfei, WANG Ting, CHENG Nan, WEI Jia, PAN Chunying, YIN Min

2026, 42(5):  637-641. 

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Objective To explore the current status and influencing factors of work-family conflict among married working women，and help women alleviate the work-family conflict they faced. Methods A total of 1 958 married working women were selected from the psychology and behavior of Chinese residents survey data from July 10th to September 15th，2021 for data analysis. Results The work-family conflict score of 1 958 married working women was （24.19±7.99）points，and the scores for work-to-family conflict and family-to-work conflict were （12.75±4.32） and （11.44±4.27）points，respectively. The comparison of work-family conflict scores among married working women with different debt statuses，monthly income per capita，and age showed statistically significant differences（all P<0.05）. Debt，household monthly income per capita of 6 000-<9 000 yuan，household monthly income per capita of ≥9 000 yuan，and aged 40-50 years old influenced work-family conflict among married working women（all P<0.05）. Perceived social support was negatively correlated with work-family conflict（r=-0.280，P<0.01）. Conclusion The work-family conflict of married professional women is at a high level，and debt，per capita monthly income，age and social support are influencing factors. The society，enterprises，policy makers and families need to pay attention to the influencing factors of work-family conflict of married professional women and give them some help and support.

Analysis of the current status of work-family support for anesthesiology nurses and its influencing factors

WANG Xiaomei, ZHANG Huanhuan, LI Yiyun, HE Qin, KOU Bei, HUANG Zhaoxu

2026, 42(5):  642-647. 

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Objective To explore the current situation of anesthesiology nurses' work-family support，and analyze the influence of anesthesiology nurses' job competence and medical staff resilience on work-family support. Methods From March to May 2022，151 anesthesiology nurses from 5 general hospitals and 1 specialized hospital in Xi'an City were selected by the convenience sampling method as the study subjects. The survey was conducted using the medical staff resilience scale，the anesthesia nurses' position competence evaluation questionnaire，and the work-family support scale，and the data were analyzed. Results The total work-family support score，total resilience score，and total job competence score of the 151 anesthesiology nurses were（70.70±21.09），（76.02±13.59） and（64.07±20.98）points，respectively. The total work-family support score was negatively correlated with the total resilience score and the scores of each dimension（all P<0.01），and positively correlated with the total job competency score and the scores of each dimension（all P<0.01）. Specialty hospitals，hours of work per day，whether or not they had participated in anesthesia nursing-related knowledge training，the total job competency score of anesthesia nurses，and the total resilience score of the medical staff entered into regression equations（all P<0.05），which explained 28.0% of the total variation in work-family support for anesthesia nurses. Conclusion Anesthesia nurses' work-family support is at a moderate level，with specialty hospitals，hours worked per day，whether they have participated in anesthesia nursing-related knowledge training，total anesthesia nurses' job competency scores，and total medical staff resilience scores being the main influences on anesthesia nurses' work-family support. Nursing managers need to develop appropriate intervention strategies to improve anesthesiology nurses' job competence and enhance resilience，so that nurses' work and family can maintain a harmonious，balanced，and stable state，in order to further protect patients' perioperative safety.

Correlation analysis between occupational safety and impaired health productivity of operating room nurses

DAI Fang, SONG Jingyuan

2026, 42(5):  648-652. 

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Objective To understand the current situation of occupational safety and impaired health productivity among operating room nurses，and analyze the correlation between the two，in order to provide intervention measures to reduce the impaired health productivity of operating room nurses. Methods From September to November 2024，a convenience sampling method was used to select 205 operating room nurses from 6 tertiary comprehensive hospitals in Yancheng City as the research subjects. A general information questionnaire，a medical staff safety perception scale，and a Standford presenteeism scale-6 were used for questionnaire surveys，and the data were analyzed. Results The occupational safety score of 205 operating room nurses was （75.16±15.09）points， with an average score of （3.42±0.69）points for each item. The score for impaired health productivity was （19.44±4.67）points，and the average score for each item was （3.24±0.78）points. There were statistically significant differences in the impaired health productivity scores of operating room nurses with different marital status，educational level，employment form，working distance，self-rated health status，and weekly overtime frequency（all P<0.05）. The occupational safety score of operating room nurses was negatively correlated with the impaired health productivity score（r=-0.748，P<0.01）. Marital status，self-rated health status，weekly overtime frequency，and occupational security were the influencing factors of impaired health productivity among operating room nurses（all P<0.05）. Conclusion The occupational safety level of operating room nurses is not high，and their health productivity is severely compromised. It is necessary to focus on strengthening the attention to the impaired health productivity of married，low self-rated health status，and frequent overtime operating room nurses. This can be achieved by strengthening occupational safety training and occupational exposure protection，building a psychological health support system，rational allocation of nursing human resources，and optimizing career development paths to enhance the occupational safety of operating room nurses and improve the condition of impaired health productivity.

Analysis of the incidence trend of chickenpox in the people aged 0-<35 years in Urumqi City from 2006 to 2020

Gulijiayina Aiken, Yimuran Kaisaier, CHEN Wei, ZHOU Yiran, ZHANG Yuhang, LU Yaoqin

2026, 42(5):  653-657. 

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Objective To analyze the incidence and trend of varicella in the population aged 0-<35 in Urumqi City，and evaluate the impact of age，period，and cohort on its long-term trend. Methods The surveillance data of infectious diseases in Urumqi City from 2006 to 2020 were used to fit the change trend of varicella incidence rate using the joinpoint regression model（JRM），and the age-period-cohort model（APC） was used to assess the age，period，and cohort effect. Results From 2006 to 2020，39 483 cases of varicella were reported among people aged 0-<35 years in Urumqi City，and the average annual reported incidence was 180.73/100 000，and the incidence in men was higher than that in women. The cases were mainly concentrated in people aged 0-<15 years，and the incidence was highest in people aged 5-<10 years. There was no significant change from 2006 to 2020，and the change trend of varicella incidence rate in different gender groups was not statistically significant（all P>0.05）. The age-specific incidence rate showed an upward trend at 10-<15，15-<20，25-<30 and 30-<35 years old（all P<0.05）. The high incidence age group was 5-<10 years old. The incidence rate was higher for men 15-<20 years old，and the incidence rate was higher for women 20-<35 years old. The period effect was taken as the reference group from 2011 to 2015，rising from 0.786（95%CI：0.667-0.927） from 2006 to 2010 to 1.530（95%CI：1.315-1.781） from 2016 and 2020. The overall cohort effect increased first and then decreased，reaching 2.305（95%CI：1.794-2.963） in the birth cohort group from 2004 to 2008 before starting to decline. Conclusion From 2006 to 2020，the incidence of chickenpox in Urumqi City shows a M-type fluctuation trend. The people aged 0-<15 years are the high incidence group，of which the people aged 5-<10 years are the high-risk group，and the incidence rate of varicella aged 15-<20 years increases significantly. The incidence of men <20 years old is higher than that of women. The incidence of birth cohort showed an upward trend first and then a downward trend，and the cohort with a later time had a lower incidence risk. Therefore，varicella prevention and control should focus on high-risk age groups，strengthen vaccination，take into account gender differences and implement differentiated strategies；continuously pay attention to the changes of birth cohort，and timely adjust the prevention and control measures.

Analysis of the relationship between health literacy and health status of residents in Yancheng City

XU Hong, WANG Liping, CHEN Xin

2026, 42(5):  658-663. 

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Objective To understand the level of health literacy and health status of residents in Yancheng City，and analyze the relationship between health literacy and health status of residents. Methods From September to November in 2023，2 586 residents aged 15-69 years from 54 neighborhood committees/villages of 9 counties/districts in Yancheng City were selected by probability proportionate to size（PPS） sampling and simple random sampling. The national health literacy survey questionnaire was used for household survey，and the data were analyzed. Results The overall level of health literacy of residents in Yancheng City was 35.45%，the prevalence rates of chronic diseases and two-week were 37.70% and 25.83%，respectively，and the proportions of good， fair and poor self-reported health were 48.03%，40.91% and 11.06%，respectively. After controlling demographic characteristics， possessing knowledge and concept literacy（OR=0.760，95%CI：0.619-0.933） was a protective factor for the prevalence rates of two-week（P<0.05），possessing health skill literacy（OR=1.252，95%CI：1.038-1.511） was a protective factor for self-reported health（P<0.05）. The results of multiple correspondence analysis showed that the prevalence rates of two-week，two chronic diseases，three or more chronic diseases，and poor self-reported health were correlated with very low health literacy；One chronic disease and fair self-reported health were correlated with fairly low health literacy；Whereas no illness within two weeks，no chronic diseases and good self-reported health were correlated with high health literacy. Conclusion There is a positive correlation between health literacy and health status of residents. Improving health literacy is conducive to promoting and improving the health status of residents. It is necessary to strengthen the construction of health supportive environment and popularization of health knowledge to improve the level of health literacy and health status of residents.

Research on the current status of nurses' patient safety competence and the relationship between occupational deviant behavior and professional identity in grade-A tertiary hospitals in Tianjin City

SHAO Jingwen, ZHANG Yajun, ZHUANG Yinan, MA Yufei, ZHAO Yiting, WANG Shuling

2026, 42(5):  664-669. 

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Objective To understand the current situation of nurses' patient safety competence in grade-A tertiary hospitals in Tianjin City，and analyze the relationship between it and professional deviant behavior and professional identity，with a view to providing references and bases for improving the level of nurses' patient safety competence. Methods Convenience sampling method was used to select 449 nurses from three grade-A tertiary hospitals in Tianjin City from November 2023 to July 2024 for the survey. The questionnaire included a general information questionnaire，a nurse patient safety competency scale，an occupational identity scale，and an occupational deviation scale，and the data were analyzed. Results The patient safety competency score of nurses in grade-A tertiary hospitals in Tianjin City was （150.42±20.12）points，the occupational deviation score was （26.32±13.36）points，and the occupational identity score was （117.82±21.77）points. Age，years of working experience，monthly income，occupational identity，and occupational deviant behavior were the factors influencing nurses' patient safety competence（all P<0.01）. Patient safety competence was positively correlated with occupational identity（r=0.733，P<0.01），and negatively correlated with occupational deviant behavior（r=-0.243，P<0.01）. There was a negative correlation between occupational deviant behavior and occupational identity（r= -0.094，P<0.01）. Conclusion Nurses' patient safety competence in grade-A tertiary hospitals in Tianjin is at a moderate to high level，in which age，years of working experience，monthly income，occupational identity，and occupational deviant behaviors are independent risk factors for nurses' patient safety competence. It is recommended that hospital administrators pay attention to the impact of nurses' patient safety competence，establish and improve corresponding measures to improve nurses' professional identity and reduce the level of their occupational deviant behaviors，so as to further enhance the level of nurses' patient safety competence.

Pollution status and health risk assessment of indoor air chemical pollutants in public places in Shaanxi Province

JIA Ru, ZHOU Ticao, ZHENG Jingli, LIU Zhichao, SUN Qian, LIU Sicen

2026, 42(5):  670-673. 

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Objective To investigate the pollution status of common chemical pollutants in the indoor air of public places in four cities of Shaanxi Province and analyze the health risks to the employees. Methods In 2023，samples of chemical pollutants（formaldehyde，ammonia，benzene，toluene，and xylene） in the indoor air of three types of key public places，namely hotels，barber shops，and beauty salons，in four cities of Shaanxi Province were collected and tested. The exposure levels of indoor air pollutants were analyzed. The health risk model recommended by the United States Environmental Protection Agency（USEPA） was adopted to evaluate the health risks of chemical pollutants in the indoor air of public places to the employees. Results The indoor air contents of benzene，toluene and xylene in all kinds of public places did not exceed the standard，and the over-standard rate of formaldehyde was 3.81%，4.17% and 2.13%，respectively，with no statistically significant difference（χ²=0.383，P>0.05）. The over-standard rate of ammonia in barbers was 5.56%. Formaldehyde in indoor air of different places all posed carcinogenic risks to employees，with a median concentration of 10^-6 to 10^-4 and a maximum concentration of >10^-4. The carcinogenic risk of benzene in all kinds of places was relatively low，the risk value of the median concentration was <10^-6，and the risk of the maximum concentration was >10^-6. The median concentration HQ of formaldehyde in the indoor air of hotels，barbershops and beauty shops were >1. There were 238（56.67%），40（55.56%） and 25（53.19%） monitoring points HQ>1 in the 3 types of places，respectively. The HQ of benzene，toluene，xylene and ammonia in indoor air in various places were <1. Conclusion Formaldehyde in indoor air in public places has carcinogenic risk and non-carcinogenic risk to employees，and benzene has certain carcinogenic risk，which should be paid attention to.

Study on the status quo and influencing factors of AIDS discrimination among college students in Sichuan Province

YANG Junhong, CHEN Siying, YE Yunli

2026, 42(5):  674-679. 

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Objective To analyze the current status of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome（AIDS） discrimination among college students and identify its influencing factors，thereby providing a scientific support for developing effective AIDS education policies in higher education institutions. Methods From October 2023 to April 2024，2 001 college students were selected from a university in Sichuan Province by stratified cluster sampling，and an anonymous survey was conducted using a general information questionnaire，an AIDS knowledge scale，and the Chinese version of the Zelaya AIDS discrimination scale. The level of AIDS discrimination and associated influencing factors among students with different characteristics were analyzed using independent samples t-tests，one-way ANOVA，Spearman correlation analysis，and multiple linear regression analysis. Results The total score of AIDS discrimination was （58.61±16.55）points，and the fear of infection was the highest score[（15.61±5.99）points]. The results of multiple linear regression analysis showed that factors associated with AIDS discrimination included gender（β=-0.082），age（β=0.105），major（β=0.102），family type（β=0.085），whether to participate in school courses on HIV/sex and health（β=0.065），whether to carry out AIDS/sex and health publicity in universities（β=0.250），whether there had been high-risk sexual behavior without condoms（β=-8.534），whether there had been family sex education in childhood（β=0.059），and total knowledge score（β=-0.291）（all P<0.05）. Conclusion AIDS discrimination is common among college students in Sichuan Province. Colleges and universities should reasonably plan sexual health education and humanistic medicine courses，supplement young students' sexual and reproductive health peer education activities，and actively promote and implement family sex education programs to reduce the level of AIDS discrimination.

Impact of academic pressure on positive mental health among nursing students and the mediating role of self-compassion

ZHANG Yuhong, ZHU Zhuqing, HU Cenxing, WANG Jiyuan, XU Yan, GAO Ya

2026, 42(5):  680-686. 

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Objective To investigate the impact of academic pressure on the positive mental health of nursing students，explore the mediating role of self-compassion and social support in the relationship between academic pressure and positive mental health，and provide a research basis for universities to carry out psychological health interventions for nursing students. Methods In December 2024，a survey was conducted on 342 nursing students from a vocational college using the college student academic pressure inventory，the short form of the mental health continuum，the short form of the self-compassion scale，and the perceived social support scale. Results The mean scores for academic pressure，positive mental health，perceived social support，and self-compassion were （149.03±31.68），（38.59±13.31），（51.23±12.52） and （36.72±7.95）points，respectively. Academic pressure showed a negative correlation with positive mental health（r=-0.357，P<0.01），whereas self-compassion and social support were negatively correlated with academic pressure（r=-0.271，-0.248，both P<0.01），and positively correlated with positive mental health（r=0.498， 0.433，both P<0.01）. Self-compassion mediated the relationship between academic pressure and positive mental health，with an indirect effect of -0.146，accounting for 30.43% of the total effect. Social support played a moderating role between academic pressure and positive mental health. Conclusion Enhancing self-compassion and social support may help improve the mental well-being of nursing students in higher education.

Visual analysis of research hotspots and trends in the field of hemodialysis for HIV/AIDS patients both domestically and internationally

LYU Xi, CAI Qian, ZHAO Jianrong, XU Jingyan, YANG Hongli, ZENG Siyi

2026, 42(5):  687-695. 

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Objective To understand the research hotspots，frontiers and differences in the field of hemodialysis for human immunodeficiency virus（HIV）/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome（AIDS） patients at home and abroad，and to explore the future development and research trends in this field. Methods Literature related to hemodialysis of HIV/AIDS patients were retrieved from the core collection of Web of Science database，China National Knowledge Infrastructure，VIP database and Wanfang database. CiteSpace and VOSviewer software were used to visually analyze the authors，countries，institutions，literature co-citation，journals co-citation and keywords. Results A total of 315 articles were included，including 246 in English and 69 in Chinese. The annual number of papers published at home and abroad was on the rise，the United States was at the forefront of research in this field. The authors with the largest number of publications were SU Chunxiong（25 papers） and AHUJA T S（9 papers）， and the institutions were the Fourth People's Hospital of Nanning City，Guangxi Province（4 papers） and Assistance Publique Hopitaux Paris（16 papers）. The most cited English literature was 43 citations. The Chinese journal with the highest publication volume was Medical Animal Control（5 articles），and the English journal with the most citations was KIDNEY INTERNATIONAL（IF₂₀₂₃=14.8）. The most frequent keyword was HIV，with clusters focusing on the treatment of the disease，and the keyword emergence map showed a greater focus on patient care and treatment outcomes. Conclusion At present，the attention in the field of hemodialysis for HIV/AIDS patients at home and abroad is increasing，and it has been valued by researchers，and the multi-institution and multi-team research cooperation model has become increasingly mainstream. The clinical care and treatment effect of AIDS hemodialysis patients are the frontier direction in the future，and the psychological research of patients and medical staff is the development trend of this field.

Health Management and Research

Study on evaluation index system of doctors' emergency response ability to deal with public health emergencies in hospitals of traditional Chinese medicine

GAO Yi, ZHANG Min, ZHANG Qian, MA Wenjie, ZHU Jing

2026, 42(5):  696-799. 

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Objective To establish the evaluation system of doctors' emergency ability in traditional Chinese medicine hospital，provide theoretical basis for the selection and training of team members，and improve the emergency ability of hospitals. Methods This study was based on literature research，Delphi expert consultation method and qualitative interview of experts to screen indicators and establish a system. From September to December 2023，two rounds of questionnaires were distributed to 50 experts，with a one-week deadline for each round. After questionnaire collection，data analysis was conducted using SPSS 24.0 statistical software. Results A total of 50 questionnaires were distributed in the first round，and 48 were retrieved，with an expert positive coefficient of 96.00%. Based on the results of the expert scoring table，the expert authority coefficient was calculated to be 0.889，the Kendall's W coefficient（W） was only 0.369. The coefficient of variation（CV） of indexes at all grades fluctuated significantly：the first-grade indexes ranged from 0.47% to 29.08%，that of the second-grade indexes from 7.02% to 28.55%，and that of the third-grade indexes from 4.54% to 22.53% and an χ² value was 256.429，P<0.05. In the second round，48 questionnaires were distributed and 48 were retrieved，the positive coefficient of experts was 100.00%，and W had increased to 0.709. The fluctuation range of CV narrowed significantly，the indexes of the three grades were 2.50%-21.56%，8.18%-21.68%，and 5.28%-23.52%，and the χ² value was 510.815，P<0.05. Finally，an evaluation system including 3 first-grade indexes，6 second-grade indexes and 16 third-grade indexes was constructed. Conclusion The experts in this study are highly motivated，authoritative and coordinated，and the evaluation index system is relatively comprehensive，which can be used to evaluate the emergency response ability of doctors in the emergency team of traditional Chinese medicine hospital，and has strong applicability.

Overview

Research progress on copper overload-induced cytotoxicity

JIANG Shoushan, SHAO Bo

2026, 42(5):  700-705. 

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Copper is an essential trace element for the human body，involved in numerous physiological processes，such as energy metabolism，antioxidant defense，neurotransmitter synthesis，and iron metabolism，where it mainly functions as a cofactor for various key enzymes. However，copper levels must be kept extremely low，and once copper homeostasis is disrupted and copper overload occurs，a series of cytotoxic effects are induced. In recent years，with the proposal of a novel form of programmed cell death termed "cuproptosis" and advances in understanding pathways including oxidative stress，DNA damage，autophagy，and apoptosis，research on copper overload-induced cytotoxicity has become a hot topic in both life sciences and clinical medicine. This review begins with the physiological roles of copper and its homeostatic regulation，providing a detailed analysis of the molecular mechanisms by which copper overload causes cytotoxicity. It reviews the roles of copper in the pathogenesis of genetic metabolic disorders，neurodegenerative diseases，and tumors，and summarizes current intervention strategies as well as future research directions，aiming to offer theoretical support and new insights for the precise regulation of copper homeostasis and the treatment of related diseases.

Research progress on the application of protective motivation theory in the health behavior of chronic disease patients

DONG Huizhen, DONG Jianli, LI Junzhuo, YU Tianpeng, JIANG Jinying, WANG Yi

2026, 42(5):  706-710. 

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This study elaborates on the theoretical sources，process，and content of the protective motivation theory，introduces the current application status of the protective motivation theory in the health behavior of chronic disease patients，analyzes the shortcomings of the current application of the protective motivation theory in the field of chronic diseases，and explores the prospects for the future application of the protective motivation theory in the field of chronic diseases，in order to promote the promotion and development of the protective motivation theory in the nursing field in China and provide theoretical support for improving the health management ability of chronic disease patients.

Research progress on the assessment tools and support programs of nurses as second victims

WEI Jia, JIANG Fei, PAN Chunying, GUO Tengfei, SONG Xueying, CHEN Qiaoling

2026, 42(5):  711-715. 

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Medical adverse events not only cause harm to patients and their families，but also have a negative impact on the healthcare professionals involved，turning them into secondary victims. This severely affects nurses' physical and mental health，as well as their careers，and can even impact the stability of nursing teams. While there is considerable research on secondary victims abroad，the relevant studies in China are still in their infancy. Therefore，this article reviews the support items related to the nurse secondary victim assessment tool，providing a reference for nursing managers to timely identify secondary victims，improve secondary victim syndrome，and establish effective support programs.

Advances in research on nurse job reinvention interventions

LIU Zhaolian, BAO Yue, LU Yue, XUE Yahui, WANG Lijing

2026, 42(5):  716-720. 

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The job reinvention is a process where individuals proactively adjust their tasks，cognition，or interpersonal relationships to better align their work with their abilities，values，and career goals. Currently，the job reinvention among Chinese nurses is at a moderate level and has not yet reached its full potential. As the largest occupational group in the health sector，nurses' job reinvention behavior deserves to be explored and cultivated. At the individual level，the job reinvention can transform nurses' negative perceptions of their profession，stimulate their work enthusiasm，reduce emotional exhaustion，enhance their sense of professional achievement，and promote positive career development. At the team level，it can optimize the organizational work atmosphere，improve team innovation performance，and provide crucial support for the stable development of the nursing team. This paper reviews the intervention forms，core content，and effects of job reinvention among nurses both domestically and internationally，analyzes the limitations of existing intervention studies，and proposes future research directions. It aims to provide a solid theoretical basis for developing scientific，rational，and targeted intervention programs in the future.