Table of Content

15 February 2026, Volume 42 Issue 4

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Treatise

Effects of work connectedness behavior and work-family conflict on job burnout among obstetrics and gynecology nurses

WANG Hongying, ZHANG Feizhong, WANG Aihua, CHEN Haiyan, LI Fenfen, YAN Cong

2026, 42(4):  433-437. 

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Objective To investigate the status of work connectedness behavior，work-family conflict and job burnout among obstetrics and gynecology nurses，analyze the influence of connectedness behavior and work-family conflict on occupational burnout. Methods From January to October 2024，178 obstetrics and gynecology nurses from 12 grade-A tertiary general hospitals in Hubei Province were randomly selected by the random sampling method as the research subjects. The work connectedness behavior scale，work-family conflict scale and job burnout scale were used to investigate and analyze the work connectedness behavior，work-family conflict and job burnout. Results The average score of work connectedness behavior，work-family conflict and job burnout among 178 obstetrics and gynecology nurses was （40.34±6.92），（60.94±10.32） and （60.47±12.36）points，respectively. The influencing factors of work connectedness behavior，work-family conflict and job burnout among obstetrics and gynecology nurses were age，professional title，years of work，average monthly income，average number of monthly shifts and marital status（all P<0.05）. The work connectedness behavior and work-family conflict of obstetrics and gynecology nurses were positively correlated with job burnout（r=0.586，0.614，both P<0.01），and the work connectedness behavior was positively correlated with work-family conflict（r=0.569，P<0.01）. The work-family conflict played a partial mediating effect between the work connectedness behavior and job burnout of obstetrics and gynecology nurses，and the mediating effect strength value was 0.281. Conclusion The work-family conflict has a partial mediating effect between the work connectedness behavior and job burnout of obstetrics and gynecology nurses，and reducing the level of work connectedness behavior and work-family conflict can help reduce their job burnout level.

Mediating role of psychological capital between strength use and occupational burnout in surgical nurses

REN Yuanfang, KOU Meihong, FENG Geli, ZHANG Haiyan, XIE Xiuyuan

2026, 42(4):  438-442. 

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Objective To investigating the current situation of surgical nurses' strength use，psychological capital and occupational burnout，and their relationship. Methods The convenience sampling was used to select 194 surgical nurses from four tertiary general hospitals in Nanjing City from August to October 2024 as the research subjects. The survey and analysis were performed using the strength use scale，psychological capital scale，and occupational burnout scale. Results The scores of strength use，psychological capital and occupational burnout of surgical nurses were （68.54±10.40），（91.65±8.95） and （60.53±10.27）points，respectively. The strength use of surgical nurses was related to their age，years of service，technical title，marital status and monthly salary（all P<0.05）. The psychological capital of surgical nurses was related to their age，working years，professional title and monthly income（all P<0.05）. The job burnout of surgical nurses was related to their age，years of service，technical title，marital status and monthly salary（all P<0.05）. The occupational burnout of surgical nurses was negatively correlated with strength use and psychological capital（r=-0.146，-0.349，both P<0.01）. The strength use of surgical nurses was positively correlated with psychological capital（r=0.345，P<0.01）. The results of the mediation analysis showed that psychological capital partially mediated between the strength use and occupational burnout，which the mediated effect was 39.26%. Conclusion The strength use and psychological capital of surgical nurses can directly affect their level of occupational burnout，and their psychological capital partially mediates the impact of strength use on occupational burnout.

Mediating role of psychological resilience in relationship between workplace rudeness and job burnout among obstetric and gynecological nurses

HONG Jia, WU Shuang, YANG Qiongqiong, WANG Jing, LI Jing

2026, 42(4):  443-447. 

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Objective To explore the mediating role of psychological resilience in the relationship between workplace rudeness and job burnout among obstetric and gynecological nurses，in order to provide a reference for reducing their job burnout. Methods From October 2024 to January 2025，192 obstetric and gynecological nurses from 12 grade-A tertiary general hospitals in Hubei Province were selected as the survey subjects using the random number table method. The workplace rudeness scale，psychological resilience scale and job burnout scale were used for investigation. The correlation between psychological resilience，workplace rudeness and job burnout was analyzed using Pearson correlation. The stepwise regression method was used to analyze the mediating role of psychological resilience in the relationship between workplace rudeness and job burnout. Results The scores of workplace rudeness，psychological resilience and job burnout of obstetric and gynecological nurses were （28.36±7.42），（93.79±17.37） and（62.56±12.48）points，respectively. The results of univariate analysis showed that there were statistically significant differences in the scores of job burnout and workplace rudeness among obstetric and gynecological nurses at different age，professional technical title，years of nursing experience，average monthly income，average weekly working hours（all P<0.05），and there were statistically significant differences in the scores of psychological resilience among obstetric and gynecological nurses at different age，professional technical title，years of nursing experience，average monthly income（all P<0.05）. The occupational burnout of obstetric and gynecological nurses was positively correlated with workplace rudeness（r=0.617，P<0.01），and negatively correlated with psychological resilience（r=-0.528，P<0.01）. The workplace rudeness was negatively correlated with psychological resilience（r=-0.584，P<0.01）. The psychological resilience of obstetric and gynecological nurses played a partial mediating role between workplace rudeness and occupational burnout（the effect value was 0.260，accounting for 44.52% of the total effect）. Conclusion The psychological resilience plays a partial mediating role between workplace rudeness and occupational burnout of obstetric and gynecological nurses，and reducing workplace rudeness and improving psychological resilience of obstetric and gynecological nurses can reduce their level of occupational burnout.

Evaluation of occupational disease hazard radiation protection control effect in industrial non-destructive testing construction project of a machinery equipment company in Guangxi

SHI Yanghai, CHEN Yongyong, SHI Yuhua, WANG Ping, LU Yuansheng

2026, 42(4):  448-452. 

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Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of radiological protection controls for the construction project involving two Class Ⅱ X-ray devices used for non-destructive testing（NDT） at a machinery equipment company in Guangxi（hereinafter referred to as "the construction entity"），ensuring the radiation safety and health of the radiation workers involved. Methods In April 2024，the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Institute for Prevention and Treatment of Occupational Disease（hereinafter referred to as "the evaluation unit"） conducted on-site measurements at the industrial non-destructive testing（NDT） workplace based on current laws，regulations，rules，normative documents，and technical standards，and collected project data to comprehensively assess the effectiveness of the radiological protection controls for the construction project. Results During normal operation under rated working conditions，the ambient dose equivalent rate measured 30 cm outside the shielding walls and entrances/exits of the NDT room ranged from 0.06 to 0.18 μSv/h，complying with the limit requirements specified in the GBZ 117-2022 Radiological Protection Standard for Industrial Radiography. The occupational radiation dose potentially received by the workers over one year was approximately 0.05 mSv，which was less than the annual dose management target value 5 mSv/a. Conclusion The radiological protection control measures during normal production operations meet the legal，regulatory，and standard requirements for occupational disease prevention at both the national and local levels，therefore，the construction project satisfies the conditions for completion and acceptance.

Radioisotope internal standard dilution-UPLC-MS/MS method for determination of 16 fungal toxins in wheat and analysis of pollution status of wheat in Hebei Province

GAO Qinghui, ZHAI Yanan, SUN Hongxuan, WANG Ke, YANG Wenna

2026, 42(4):  453-458. 

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Objective To establish a rapid and accurate method for simultaneous determination of 16 mycotoxins，including deoxynivalenol（DON），3-acetyldeoxynivalenol（3-Ac-DON），15-acetyldeoxynivalenol（15-Ac-DON），zearalenone（ZEN），aflatoxin B₁（AFTB₁），aflatoxin B₂（AFTB₂），aflatoxin G₁（AFTG₁），aflatoxin G₂（AFTG₂）， fumonisin B₁（FB₁），fumonisin B₂（FB₂），fumonisin B₃（FB₃），ochratoxin（OTA），sterigmatocystin（ST），nivalenol（NIV），T-2 mycotoxin and HT-2 Toxin，in wheat by isotope internal standard dilution-high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry（UPLC-MS/MS）. Methods After sample preparation，the extract was first prepared by adding a mixture of acetonitrile-formic acid-water（70+1+29，v/v%） and then subjected to initial centrifugation，dilution，and secondary centrifugation. The supernatant was filtered through a 0.22 μm filter and then added with a ¹³C-labeled isotopic internal standard. The sample was analyzed using a Venusil MP C₁₈ column（3.0 m×50 mm，3 μm），a mobile phase of 0.1% formic acid water solution and 0.1% formic acid methanol solution（ESI⁺），pure water and acetonitrile（ESI^-），and gradient elution. The sample was ionized by electrospray ionization（ESI） and the dynamic multi-reaction monitoring （DMRM） mode was used for the determination of the content of various fungal toxins. Results The correlation coefficients（r） of the 16 fungal toxins within the standard system concentration range were all ≥0.999 2，meeting the standard of "999". It can be considered that the linear performance of these 16 mycotoxins is good. The limit of detection（LOD） was 0.1-50 μg/kg，and the limit of quantification（LOQ） was 0.3-50 μg/kg. The recovery rates of six parallel measurements of 16 mycotoxins ranged from 73.13% to 122.20% at low，medium and high concentrations，and the RSD was 0.87%-9.04%. A total of 201 wheat samples from the planting process in Hebei Province were tested by this method. The results showed that：DON was detected in almost all of the 201 samples，the detection rate was 94.53%，the over-standard rate was 8.46%，and a small amount of AFTB₂（17.41%），3-Ac-DON（7.46%），ZEN，OTA，FB₁，FB₂，FB₃ and ST were detected in some samples. Conclusion The method has high sensitivity，accuracy and precision，meeting the requirements of methodology，it can be used for quality and safety risk assessment，screening，and validation analysis of fungal toxins in large-scale wheat products，which can provide reference for the detection of various mycotoxins in food safety risk monitoring，and provide technical support for the supervision of food quality and safety by relevant departments.

Effects of folic acid combined with vitamin B₁₂ on lipid metabolism in rats with high-fat diet

ZHANG Dalong, ZHOU Dianming, ZHANG Lu, LI Min, YUE Wenbo, QIAN Zhiyong

2026, 42(4):  459-464. 

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Objective To explore the effects of folic acid combined with vitamin B₁₂ on lipid metabolism in rats with high-fat diet，and to provide a reference for the prevention and treatment of lipid metabolism-related diseases. Methods Totally 30 SD rats were divided into 2 groups randomly by body weight，10 SD male rats were fed by conventional diet as control group. After 28 days of high fat diet，the other 20 rats were allotted into 2 groups equally depending on total cholesterol and triglyceride，including folic acid combined with vitamin B₁₂ group（folic acid dose 1.00 mg/kg and vitamin B₁₂ dose 0.06 mg/kg） and high-fat diet group. All rats were oral gavaged daily for 40 days. The high-fat diet group and the control group were given an equivalent amount of 0.9% saline solution. The levels of total cholesterol，triglyceride，low density lipoprotein cholesterol（LDL-C） and high density lipoprotein cholesterol（HDL-C） in the serum were measured on 0th day，20th day and 40th day of intervention，and the body weight of rats were recorded. At the end of intervention，the levels of total cholesterol and triglyceride in liver tissue homogenate were detected，and the level of adiponectin，resistin and interleukin（IL）-6 were measured using ELISA method. The qPCR method were used to determine the hepatic mRNA expression of lipid metabolism enzymes including cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase（CYP7A1），3-hydroxy-3-methyl glutaryl coenzyme A reductase（HMGCR），fatty acid synthase（FAS） and acetylcoenzyme A carboxylase（ACC）. Results At 0th，20th and 40th day of intervention，the levels of serum total cholesterol，triglyceride and LDL-C in high-fat diet group were higher than those in the control group，and the differences were statistically significant（all P<0.05）. At 20th day and 40th day of intervention，the levels of serum total cholesterol，triglyceride and LDL-C in folic acid combined with vitamin B₁₂ group were lower than those in the high fat diet group，and the differences were statistically significant（all P<0.05）. At 40th day of intervention，the levels of hepatic total cholesterol and triglyceride in high fat diet group were higher than those in the control group，the level of serum adiponectin in high fat diet group was lower than that in the control group，the level of serum resistin and IL-6 in high fat diet group were higher than those in the control group，the hepatic mRNA expression of CYP7A1 in high fat diet group was lower than that in the control group，the hepatic mRNA expression of HMGCR，FAS and ACC in high fat diet group were higher than those in the control group，and the differences were statistically significant（all P<0.05）. The levels of hepatic total cholesterol and triglyceride in folic acid combined with vitamin B₁₂ group was significantly lower than that in high fat group，the levels of serum adiponectin in folic acid combined with vitamin B₁₂ group was significantly higher than that in high fat group，and the levels of serum resistin and IL-6 in folic acid combined with vitamin B₁₂ group were significantly lower than those in the high-fat group（all P<0.05），and the hepatic mRNA expression of HMGCR and FAS were significantly lower than those in the high-fat group（all P<0.05）. Conclusion Folic acid combined with vitamin B₁₂ can improve the lipid metabolism in rats with high-fat diet. The possible molecular mechanism may be related to inhibiting the expression of key lipid metabolic enzymes including FAS and ACC，and regulating the secretion of adipokines such as adiponectin，resistin and IL-6.

Detection of 32 pesticide residues in vegetables by SinChERS purification ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry

ZHANG Jing, ZHANG Lei, SHE Tiejun, WANG Jiao, FAN Wensu, JIA Shoushi

2026, 42(4):  465-469. 

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Objective To establish a single step，cheap，effective，rugged，safe（SinChERS） purification ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for simultaneous detection of 32 pesticides in vegetables，providing relevant technical support for monitoring chemical pollutants and harmful factors in local vegetables in Qiqihar City. Methods Local vegetables in Qiqihar City from February to September 2024 were collected.Vegetable samples were extracted with acetonitrile and subjected to salt precipitation treatment.After purification using a SinChERS column，32 pesticides were simultaneously detected using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography tandem-mass spectrometry.Qualitative analysis was performed based on retention time and relative ion abundance ratio，while quantitative analysis was performed using an external standard method. Results Totally 32 pesticides showed a good linear relationship within the range of 5-200 μg/L，with correlation coefficients all greater than 0.998.The detection limit was 0.003 mg/kg，the quantification limit was 0.01 mg/kg，and the average recovery rate was between 74.5%-109.3%，with relative standard deviations all less than 10%.Among 186 types of local vegetables，71 were found to contain pesticide residues，with a detection rate of 38.2%. Conclusion The established method is easy to operate，fast，has good reproducibility，high accuracy，and low cost，and is suitable for batch detection of vegetable pesticide residue content.

Analysis on NA gene characterization of influenza B virus Victoria lineage in Xinjiang

ZHANG Xuan, CHEN Yuan, HUANG Jia, LI Quanxi, Mirizhati Nuermaimaiti, MA Xin

2026, 42(4):  470-475. 

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Objective To analyze the NA gene evolution and variation characteristics of 14 strains of influenza B virus Victoria in Xinjiang，and to master its evolutionary characteristics and variation rules，so as to provide certain scientific basis for the prevention and control of influenza in Xinjiang. Methods According to the surveillance requirements of the National Influenza Surveillance Program（2017 edition），the specimen collection，virus isolation and identification，and strain submission for review were carried out. The NA genes of 14 strains of influenza B virus Victoria in Xinjiang from 2023 to 2024 were sequenced，and the genetic characteristics were analyzed by bioinformation software. Results The 14 strains of type B Victoria isolated from Xinjiang belonged to the V1A.3a2 branch of vaccine strain B/Austria/1359417/2021 published by WHO in the Northern hemisphere in 2023-2024. The genetic distance of NA gene from 14 Xinjiang B Victoria strains ranged from 0 to 0.012，and from vaccine strain B/Austria/1359417/2021 ranged from 0.007 to 0.010. The nucleotide homology of NA gene of 14 strains of influenza virus was 98.8%~100.0%，which was 99.0%-99.2% compared with vaccine strains. The amino acid homology of NA gene of 14 strains of influenza virus was 98.0%-100.0%，and the nucleotide homology was 98.2%-99.3% compared with vaccine strains. There were 13 substitutions at NA amino acid sites in 14 strains of influenza virus. Compared with previous vaccine strains，14 strains of influenza virus in Xinjiang share four glycosylation sites. Conclusions The Victoria strain of influenza B virus circulating in Xinjiang in the influenza surveillance year of 2023-2024 has high homology with the vaccine strain，indicating a high degree of matching with the vaccine strain. No mutation of drug resistance sites occurred，but the change of glycosylation sites still needs attention. Whether this change will affect the effect of NA inhibitors still needs further study.

Analysis on surveillance results of foodborne pathogens in market-sold food in Tongzhou District of Beijing City from 2020 to 2024

JIANG Nan, ZHAO Fengling, GAO Jing, SUN Wentao, MA Xiaochen

2026, 42(4):  476-479. 

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Objective To understand the contamination of foodborne pathogens in market-sold food in Tongzhou District of Beijing City，provide technical reference for the prevention and control of foodborne diseases. Methods According to the requirements of Beijing food pollution and harmful factors monitoring plan and work manual，the detection of foodborne pathogens and analysis of epidemic characteristics of 981 samples of 19 types of food collected in Tongzhou District from 2020 to 2024 were carried out. Results Totally 981 food samples from the market were tested for foodborne pathogens，with a detection rate of 13.97%（137/981）. The detection rate of foodborne pathogens in market food samples was highest in the summer（June to August），at 20.20%. There was a statistically significant difference in detection rates among the four seasons（χ²=24.592，P<0.01）. The detection rates of foodborne pathogens in the agricultural market（25.60%） and loose food（18.56%） were higher than those in other market segments and packaging types（χ²_{market segments}=40.482，P<0.01，χ²_{packaging types}=26.934，P<0.01）. A total of seven foodborne pathogens were detected，with the top three detection rates and main contaminated foods being：Clostridium clostridioforme（17.24%，spice and condiment），Bacillus cereus（15.11%，wet rice and flour products and catering food），and Listeria monocytogenes（6.50%，raw poultry and livestock meat and pre-cooked and processed meat）. Conclusion In Tongzhou District，the food in different sampling seasons，marketing links and packaging have different degrees of foodborne pathogen contamination，and the detection rates of Cronobacter cereus，Bacillus cereus and Listeria monocytogenes were high，so the risk monitoring of food in the market should be strengthened.

Current status of sodium content in prepackaged foods and survey on the awareness of salt among some college students in a medical college

Rukeye Aisikaier, Nigaerayi Kawuli, LU Chenxi, Rebiguli Wushuer, HAN Jia

2026, 42(4):  480-485. 

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Objective To understand the sodium content labeling of prepackaged food sold on campus at a medical college in Xinjiang，as well as the salt cognition and related behaviors of college students，in order to provide scientific basis for guiding consumers to eat healthily. Methods In April 2023，a convenience sampling method was used to take photos of the nutrition labels of prepackaged food sold in a supermarket at a medical university in Xinjiang. The nutrition labels were judged according to national standards. At the same time，a cluster random sampling method was used to select some college students as survey subjects. A questionnaire was distributed through the Wenjuanxing platform to investigate their salt awareness，and the data were analyzed. Results This study included 13 categories and a total of 1 220 pre-packaged food nutrition label samples，of which 1 195 samples indicated sodium content，with low-sodium foods accounted for 32.4%，and medium-sodium and high-sodium foods accounted for 67.6%. Among them，condiments had the highest overall sodium content，reaching 2 260 mg/100 g. The sodium content of dairy products and products，beverages，and sugar and candied fruits was generally low，among which sugar and candied fruits had the lowest sodium content，at 20 mg/100 g. In the questionnaire survey analysis，240 people（72.9%） understood that excessive salt intake is harmful to the body，163 people（49.5%） would check the nutrition label when purchasing pre-packaged food，160 people（48.6%） paid attention to the sodium content in the nutrition label，and 241 people（73.3%） thought it is necessary to label the nutrition label of pre-packaged food. There were statistically significant differences in the attitudes of students of different genders towards salt diet，such as "whether pre-packaged food should be labeled with sodium content"，"if the salt intake situation is not in line with a healthy diet，will it be actively changed"，and "whether this survey will increase the attention paid to the sodium content of pre-packaged food"（all P<0.05）. Conclusion The sodium content of prepackaged food sold in school at a medical college in Xinjiangis still at a high level，so we should continue to strengthen the implementation of sodium reduction （salt）. College students lack knowledge about nutrition labels and related nutrition. It is necessary to strengthen the publicity of nutrition labels and high-salt diet hazards of prepackaged food to promote a healthy diet.

Status of career compromise among nursing staff in traditional Chinese medicine department in Northeast Sichuan region and its correlation with career future time insight and management care

LIU Qin, TENG Yu, LIU Jing, TANG Junwei, ZHENG Huizhi

2026, 42(4):  486-490. 

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Objective To explore the current situation of career compromise among nurses in the traditional Chinese medicine department and the mediating role of future time insight and management care in this process，laying a foundation for reducing their career compromise and enhancing their work enthusiasm. Methods From August to September 2024，a convenience sampling method was used to select 343 traditional Chinese medicine nurses from eight comprehensive hospitals/traditional Chinese medicine comprehensive hospitals in Northeast Sichuan as the survey subjects. The general information questionnaire，career future time insight scale，management care scale，and career compromise scale were adopted for investigation，and the data were analyzed. Results The scores of occupational future time insight，management care and occupational compromise of traditional Chinese medicine nurses were （23.70±3.10），（125.83±7.03） and （45.84±6.79）points，respectively. The occupational compromise scores were negatively correlated with the scores of management care and occupational future time insight（all P<0.05）. The occupational future time insight partially mediated between management care and career compromise，with an effect value of -0.192，accounting for 27.6% of the total effect. Conclusions The career compromise among nursing staff in traditional Chinese medicine departments is at a high level，and management care can directly affect career compromise or indirectly affect career compromise through career future time insight. The managers can improve the nursing staff's perception of career compromise by improving their level of perceived management care and insight into career future time，which enables the nursing staff of traditional Chinese medicine departments to devote themselves to their work in a positive state and promotes the provision of traditional Chinese medicine nursing services to patients.

Current situation and correlation analysis of occupational well-being work cognitive evaluation and chemotherapy occupational protection attitudes among nurses in oncology-related departments

WEN Jing, LUO Ya, LIANG Hengjuan, YANG Bo, HUANG Xiaohong

2026, 42(4):  491-495. 

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Objective To explore the current situation of occupational well-being work cognitive evaluation and chemotherapy occupational protection attitude among nurses in oncology-related departments，and to analyze the influence of factors such as occupational well-being work cognitive evaluation on chemotherapy occupational protection attitude among nurses in oncology-related departments. Methods From July to December 2024，a total of 204 clinical nurses in oncology-related departments of four grade-A tertiary hospitals in Guangdong Province were selected for questionnaire surveys. The general information questionnaire，the occupational well-being work cognitive evaluation scale，and the chemotherapy occupational protection attitude scale were used for survey and the data were analyzed. Results The total score of occupational well-being work cognitive evaluation among 204 nurses in oncology-related departments was （78.35±16.62）points，the total score of chemotherapy occupational protection attitude[M（P₂₅，P₇₅）] was 23.50（21.00，27.00）points，and the two were positively correlated（r=0.796，P<0.01）. The professional title，years of working experience，type of hospital，number of chemotherapeutic occupational protection-related trainings per year，and occupational well-being work cognitive evaluation were the independent factors affecting chemotherapy occupational protection attitude among nurses in oncology-related departments（all P<0.05）. Conclusion The chemotherapy occupational protection attitude among nurses in oncology-related departments needs to be improved，particularly among those with low occupational well-being，and it is necessary to identify and meet their health and incentive needs，improve the occupational safety and protection management system，strengthen protection training，in order to comprehensively enhance nurses' awareness and attitude towards chemotherapy occupational protection.

Epidemiological characteristics and trend prediction of hepatitis C in Tengchong City from 2005 to 2023

WU Jincong, XI Rong, CAI Wenbin, YANG Kaifen, LI Chengsheng, ZHAO Zhen

2026, 42(4):  496-500. 

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Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of hepatitis C in Tengchong City，provide the data reference for the formulation of hepatitis C prevention and control measures. Methods The describe epidemiological method was used to analyze the epidemiological characteristics of the reported hepatitis C cases in Tengchong City from 2005 to 2023，and the exponential smoothing method was used to establish a model to predict the incidence trend of hepatitis C in Tengchong City from 2024 to 2026. Results From 2005 to 2023，3 408 new cases of hepatitis C were reported in Tengchong City，with an average annual incidence rate of 27.55/100 000 and an average annual growth rate of 22.36%. The highest incidence rate in 2012 was 46.13/100 000，and there was statistically significant difference in incidence among different years（χ²_trend=174.336，P<0.01），presenting the overall upward trend. There were 35 deaths，with a case fatality rate of 1.03% and an average annual mortality rate of 0.28/100 000. A total of 2 147 confirmed cases were reported，accounting for 63.0%. The cases were reported in every month and every year，the concentration was M=0.056，and the seasonal characteristics were not obvious. The male-to-female ratio was 1.683：1，and the average annual incidence rate of males was higher than that of females（χ²=160.584，P<0.01）. A total of 2 273 cases were reported in the 30-<60 years old group，accounting for 66.70%，and the difference in age composition ratio among different years was statistically significant（χ²_trend=155.521，P<0.01）. The occupation was mainly farmers，with 2 728 cases reported，accounting for 77.79%. The average annual reported incidence rates of Diantan Town，Houqiao Town，Mingguang Town，and Tengyue Street ranked among the top four，which were 145.16/100 000，100.07/100 000，38.47/100 000 and 38.47/100 000，and the difference in the average annual incidence rate among different township was statistically significant（χ²=267.942，P<0.01）. The predicted incidence rates from 2024 to 2026 will be 30.67/100 000，31.35/100 000，and 32.54/100 000，respectively，which is higher than that in 2023. Conclusions From 2005 to 2023，the hepatitis C epidemic in Tengchong City shows an overall upward trend. According to the epidemiological characteristics and predictions，publicity and intervention should be strengthened for key populations in key areas，and new modes of prevention and control should be actively explored，so as to achieve the goal of eliminating the public health hazards of hepatitis C.

Study on impact and mediating role of job crafting and workplace exclusion on mental health of oncology nurses

LIU Qianwen, ZHANG Qian, GUO Yanmin, MENG Wei, ZHAO Tingting, WANG Shixu

2026, 42(4):  501-505. 

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Objective To investigate the job crafting，workplace exclusion and mental health of nurses in the oncology department，study the impact and mediating role of job crafting and workplace exclusion on mental health，and provide reference evidence for hospital nursing managers to formulate intervention measures to improve the mental health of nurses. Methods A simple random sampling method was used to survey 176 nurses in the oncology department of 10 grade-A tertiary general hospitals in Hebei Province from December 2024 to January 2025 using a job crafting questionnaire，a workplace exclusion questionnaire and a mental health questionnaire，and their correlation was analyzed. The differences in job crafting，workplace exclusion and mental health scores among different factors were compared. The mediating role of job crafting between workplace exclusion and mental health was analyzed. Results The total scores of job crafting，workplace rejection and mental health of the 176 oncology nurses were （80.35±15.76），（14.53±2.14） and （13.64±2.85）points，respectively. There were statistically significant differences in job crafting scores among oncology nurses with different age，professional and technical title，years of nursing experience，average monthly income，average monthly number of shifts and marital status（all P<0.05）. There were statistically significant differences in the scores of workplace rejection and mental health among oncology nurses with different gender，age，professional and technical title，nursing experience，average monthly income，average monthly shifts，and marital status（all P<0.05）. The job crafting was positively correlated with mental health of oncology nurses（r=0.582，P<0.01），workplace rejection was negatively correlated with mental health（r=-0.613，P<0.01），and job crafting was negatively correlated with workplace rejection（r=-0.447，P<0.01）. The job crafting played a partial mediating role between workplace rejection and mental health of oncology nurses，with a mediating effect value of -0.279，accounting for 46.81% of the total effect. Conclusion The job crafting plays a partial mediating role between workplace rejection and mental health of oncology nurses，and hospital nursing managers and oncology nurses should pay attention to the impact of workplace rejection and job crafting on mental health，take corresponding measures to improve the level of job crafting，thereby reducing the negative impact of workplace rejection and improving the mental health of oncology nurses.

Mediating effect of organizational commitment between occupational fatigue and flourishing of ICU nurses

JIA Yan, HUANG Jing, LU Hong, WANG Liqin, YAO Wenjun

2026, 42(4):  506-511. 

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Objective To explore the impact of organizational commitment and occupational fatigue on the flourishing of ICU nurses，provide a basis for nursing managers to formulate targeted intervention measures to improve the mental health and comprehensive well-being of ICU nurses. Methods A convenience sampling method was used to select 243 ICU nurses from five tertiary hospitals in Jiangsu Province as the research subjects. From November to December 2023，a questionnaire survey was conducted among the ICU nurses using general information questionnaire，fatigue scale，professional quality of life scale，organizational commitment scale，and flourishing scale. The structural equation modeling was used to test the mediating effect of organizational commitment on the relationship between occupational fatigue and flourishing among ICU nurses. Results The total scores of flourishing，fatigue，empathy fatigue and organizational commitment among ICU nurses were （41.31±10.26），（7.87±3.56），（49.43±12.30） and （64.23±14.46）points，respectively. The total scores of physical fatigue，mental fatigue，and compassion fatigue were all negatively correlated with the total score of organizational commitment（r=-0.254，-0.220，-0.188，all P<0.01） and the total score of flourishing（r=-0.443，-0.409，-0.457，all P<0.01）. The total score of organizational commitment was positively correlated with the total score of flourishing（r=0.445，P<0.05）. The organizational commitment played a partial mediating role between occupational fatigue（composed of physical fatigue，mental fatigue，and compassion fatigue） and flourishing，with the mediating effect accounting for 27.27% of the total effect. Conclusions The organizational commitment is a mediating variable for occupational fatigue and flourishing among ICU nurses. The nursing managers should take measures such as creating a magnetic work environment to reduce occupational fatigue among nurses，improve their level of organizational commitment，and thereby enhance their flourishing levels and improve the quality of nursing care.

Analysis on mediating effect of coping style between occupational respect and occupational fatigue among clinicians in two tertiary hospitals in Suzhou City

LU Ying, LI Li, ZHANG Qin

2026, 42(4):  512-517. 

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Objective To understand the mediating effect of coping style on occupational respect and occupational fatigue of clinicians，provide ideas for alleviating occupational fatigue of clinicians. Methods Using convenience sampling method，a questionnaire survey was distributed to 539 clinical physicians from two tertiary hospitals in Suzhou City from June to October 2024，the questionnaires included general information table，simple coping style scale，occupational respect scale and occupational fatigue scale，and the data were analyzed. Results The positive dimension score of coping style among 539 clinical physicians in Suzhou City was （25.85±4.56）points，the negative dimension score was （9.67±2.92）points，the occupational respect score was （93.56±7.84）points and the occupational fatigue score was （15.06±3.75）points. There were statistically significant differences in the scores of positive coping style，negative coping style and professional respect among clinical physicians with different job titles，years of service，and physical health conditions（all P<0.05）. There were statistically significant differences in the scores of occupational fatigue among clinical physicians with different professional titles，working years，night shifts and physical health status（all P<0.05）. The positive coping style of clinical physicians was positively correlated with professional respect（r=0.437，P<0.05），and negatively correlated with occupational fatigue（r=-0.526，P<0.05）. The negative coping style was negatively correlated with occupational respect（r=-0.372，P<0.05） and positively correlated with occupational fatigue（r=0.563，P<0.05）. The occupational respect was negatively correlated with occupational fatigue（r=-0.395，P<0.05）. The coping style played partial mediating role between occupational respect and occupational fatigue. The mediating effect of positive coping style was 0.143，accounting for 23.40% of the total effect. The mediating effect of negative coping style was -0.195，accounting for 33.28% of the total effect. Conclusion The coping styles of 539 clinicians in Suzhou City play partial mediating role between occupational respect and occupational fatigue，and correctly guiding clinicians to adopt positive coping style is conducive to improving occupational respect and reducing occupational fatigue.

Mediating role of psychological resilience between work alienation and occupational plateau among nurses in grade-A tertiary hospitals in Xi'an City

WANG Keyue, GAO Haokao, GUO Miao, ZHANG Yamin

2026, 42(4):  518-521. 

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Objective To investigate the mediating role of psychological resilience between work alienation and occupational plateau among nurses in grade-A tertiary hospitals in Xi'an. Methods From May to October 2024，782 nurses from grade-A tertiary hospitals in Xi'an were selected as the research subjects. A questionnaire survey was conducted using the psychological resilience scale，job alienation scale，and career plateau scale. The relationships between variables were examined using mediation effect analysis. Results The career plateau score of nurses was （49.76±7.16）points，among which 469 people had career plateau，accounting for 59.97%. Psychological resilience was significantly negatively correlated with job alienation and career plateau（r=-0.182， -0.228，both P<0.01）. Job alienation was significantly positively correlated with career plateau（r=0.171，P<0.01）. Psychological resilience partially mediated the relationship between job alienation and career plateau，with the mediating effect accounting for 21.86% of the total effect. Conclusion Work alienation can not only directly affect the professional plateau state of nurses in grade-A tertiary hospitals in Xi'an，but also indirectly affect their professional plateau level through psychological resilience. Enhancing nurses' psychological resilience and improving work alienation state is of great significance for preventing and alleviating the phenomenon of professional plateau.

Epidemiological characteristics and trend analysis of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in Changchun City from 2013 to 2024

REN Zhixing, WU Hui, ZHOU Yuxiang, YIN Yuan

2026, 42(4):  522-526. 

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Objective To analyze the epidemic characteristics and long-term trends of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome（HFRS） in Changchun，understand its development patterns and provide a scientific basis for adjusting future prevention and control strategies. Methods Data on individual HFRS cases in Changchun City from 2013 to 2024 were collected from the China Disease Prevention and Control Information System，and analyze the epidemiological characteristics using descriptive epidemiological methods. Joinpoint regression model was used to analyze the incidence trend of HFRS in Changchun from 2013 to 2024. Results From 2013 to 2024，a total of 705 HFRS cases and the one fatal case were reported in Changchun，and the average annual incidence rate was 0.71/100 000，the incidence showed a seasonal bimodal distribution. The number of male cases was more than that of female ones，with a male to female ration of 4.04 ∶ 1. The cases mainly occurred in farmers and the unemployed（77.45%） aged 25-<60 years（77.16%）. The cases were reported in all counties（city，district），mainly concentrated in Yushu City，Nongan County，Dehui City，Jiutai District and Nanguan District，accounting for 60.03% of the total number of cases. The Joinpoint regression analysis revealed a declining trend in HFRS cases incidence rate reported in Changchun from 2013 to 2024，2020 was the turning point among the trend change of the average annual incidence rate，2013-2020 showed a slight fluctuation downward trend（β₁=-0.253，P<0.01），and 2020-2024 showed a stable downward trend（β₂=-0.038，P<0.01），with statistically significant differences. The annual incidence of diseases in both males and females showed a downward trend，and the rate of change was not consistent，with males being higher than females. Taking 45-<50 years old as the turning point among the trend change of average annual reported incidence rate，the incidence of 0-<20 years old to 45-<50 years old group showed an upward trend（β₁=0.024，P<0.01），and the incidence of 45-<50 years old to ≥60 years old group showed a downward trend（β₂=-0.047，P<0.05），with statistically significant differences. Conclusion The incidence of HFRS in Changchun City showed a downward trend and a bimodal distribution in spring and autumn from 2013 to 2024. The incidence of HFRS in counties was more than that in urban areas，and geographical trend for the disease includes a notable shift from counties to urban areas. Middle aged and elderly people are the main affected population. In the future，relevant departments should strengthen the monitoring and early warning work of HFRS，adjusted prevention and control measures in a targeted manner，and maintained the incidence of HFRS at a low and stable level.

Analysis of the current status and influencing factors of professional compromise of nursing students

DONG Yong, LIU Anquan, HUANG Gaoyu, CAI Sirong, CAI Shuaizhong, GUAN Qiongyao

2026, 42(4):  527-531. 

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Objective To investigate the current status and influencing factors of occupational compromise among nursing students，and provide reference for developing targeted intervention strategies for occupational compromise. Methods The convenience sampling method was employed to select nursing students from 8 medical colleges in Yunnan Province from July to December 2024 as the survey subjects. General information survey and occupational compromise scale were used for questionnaire survey，and SPSS 26.0 software was used for statistical analysis. Single factor analysis and multiple linear regression analysis were conducted to explore the influencing factors. Results A total of 1，191 valid questionnaires were collected，with the score for professional compromise among nursing students being（44.65±9.33）points，the score for the dimension of development opportunity compromise being（15.33±3.26）points，the score for the dimension of professional matching compromise being（14.92±3.32）points，and the score for the dimension of social expectation compromise being（14.40±3.43）points. Education level，career development education and employment guidance，internship experience，monthly family income，academic performance，and the degree of matching between interests and majors were all influencing factors for nursing students' professional compromise（all P<0.05）. Conclusion The level of occupational compromise among nursing students is relatively high and requires special attention. It is essential to implement career development education and employment guidance as soon as possible，with full consideration of its influencing factors for precise intervention，in order to promote the healthy development of the nursing profession.

Impact of professional identity on the competence of emergency nurses suffering from workplace violence

LI Mengya, DOU Yingru, JIANG Fan, DAI Xuemei

2026, 42(4):  532-537. 

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Objective To investigate the current status of competence of emergency nurses who have experienced workplace violence，and analyze the impact of professional identity on their competence，in order to provide a basis for formulating relevant intervention strategies for nurses' competence after suffering workplace violence. Methods From July to September 2024，a convenience sampling method was used to select 302 emergency nurses from three grade-A tertiary hospitals in Yangzhou City as the research subjects. According to the workplace violence survey，emergency nurses who had experienced workplace violence in the past year were screened out and surveyed using a information questionnaire，the emergency department nurse competence self-assessment questionnaire，and the Chinese version of the professional identity scale for nurses，and the data were analyzed. Results A total of 248 nurses experienced workplace violence in the past year，with verbal violence being the most common，and nearly 50% of the emergency nurses experienced more than three episodes of verbal violence in the past year. The job competence score of emergency nurses who experienced workplace violence was （208.68±33.12）points. Correlation analysis showed that professional identity was positively correlated with job competence of emergency nurses who experienced workplace violence（r=0.591，P<0.05）. Gender was negative influencing factor on job competence of emergency nurses who experienced workplace violence（P<0.01），while age，professional titles，marital status，establishment and work experience were all positive influencing factors on the job competence of emergency nurses who experienced workplace violence（all P<0.05）. Conclusion The level of competence of emergency nurses who suffer from workplace violence is at an above average level，but there is still room for improvement. There is a positive correlation between professional identity and the competence of emergency nurses who suffer from workplace violence. In the future，we can improve professional identity as an entry point develop relevant intervention strategies for the competence of nurses who suffer from workplace violence.

Analysis and risk assessment of total radioactivity levels in different water in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region from 2013 to 2022

AN Jingjing, QIN Yingxu, YANG Huanchun, CHEN Tao, LIU Yuan

2026, 42(4):  538-542. 

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Objective To assess the gross α and gross β radioactivity levels in various water samples in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region from 2013 to 2022，and evaluate the associated health risks. Methods From 2013 to 2022，a total of 219 drinking water samples and 104 surface water samples were collected in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region. The gross α and gross β radioactivity levels were measured using a BH1216Ⅲ low-background α/β measuring instrument. Results From 2013 to 2022，the median gross α and gross β radioactivity levels of water treatment plants，peripheral water，and tap water in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region were 0.055 and 0.081，0.063 and 0.074，0.079 and 0.098 Bq/L，respectively. The median gross α and gross β radioactivity levels of lake water and Yellow River water were 0.116 and 0.208，0.095 and 0.114 Bq/L，respectively. In the five cities of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region，the gross α radioactivity in drinking water ranged from <0.016 to 0.447 Bq/L，the median was 0.058 Bq/L，and the radioactivity levels of five cities were as follows：Zhongwei City>Wuzhong City>Shizuishan City>Yinchuan City>Guyuan City，with significant regional difference（P<0.05）. The gross β radioactivity ranged from <0.028 to 0.414 Bq/L，the median was 0.074 Bq/L，and the radioactivity levels of five cities were as follows：Zhongwei City>Wuzhong City>Yinchuan City>Shizuishan City>Guyuan City. The total carcinogenic risk of drinking water in various regions of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region from 2013 to 2022 ranged from 1.27×10^-7/a to 2.45×10^-6/a. The <1-year-old age group exhibited the highest total carcinogenic risk among all populations，though it remained below the maximum acceptable risk level of 5.0×10^-5/a recommended by the International Commission on Radiological Protection（ICRP）. Conclusion From 2013 to 2022，the gross α and gross β radioactivity levels in water treatment plants，peripheral water，tap water，lake water，and Yellow River water in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region are within normal background ranges，and the associated health risks are within acceptable limits.

Mediating chain effect of loneliness and anxiety between Internet addiction and ADHD tendency among medical students

LI Jiaying, YU Jiaxue, CHEN Jinzhi, ZHONG Keying, SUN Qitai, DANG Caiping

2026, 42(4):  543-548. 

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Objective To explore the relationship and influencing factors between Internet addiction and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder（ADHD） tendency among medical students，and to provide scientific support for the intervention of Internet addiction or ADHD tendency population. Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted on 221 medical students in February 2024 using the revised Chen Internet addiction scale（CIAS-R），self-rating anxiety scale（SAS），university of California at Los Angels（UCLA），and adult ADHD self-report scale（ASRS），and the data were analyzed. Results Totally 148（69.97%） students had Internet addiction.In the degree of anxiety，48（21.72%） students had mild anxiety，22（9.95%） students had moderate anxiety，and 9（4.07%） students had severe anxiety. 49 medical students（22.17%） had positive ADHD tendency. There were significant positive correlations between two and two of Internet addiction，loneliness，anxiety and ADHD tendency among medical students（r=0.209，0.400，0.633，0.491，0.345，0.535，all P<0.01）. Individuals with high levels of Internet addiction were more likely to exhibit symptoms of loneliness，anxiety and ADHD（t=3.011，5.054，8.887，all P<0.01）. Similarly，those with high levels of ADHD were also more likely to demonstrate Internet addiction，loneliness，and anxiety（t=8.316，5.821，8.677，all P<0.01）.Anxiety partially mediated the relationship between Internet addiction and ADHD tendencies among medical students（β=0.089，16.45%），and loneliness and anxiety formed a chain mediation between Internet addiction and ADHD tendencies among medical students（β=0.025， 4.62%）. Conclusion Through a cross-sectional study of medical students，the complex relationship between loneliness and anxiety in the relationship between Internet addiction and ADHD tendency was explored in depth and its chain-mediated effect was verified，which provides an important theoretical basis and empirical support for understanding this multidimensional psychological phenomenon.

Health Management and Research

Evaluation of fairness in health resource allocation and analysis of regional differences in Tianjin City

LIU Yiming, ZHANG Tianyi

2026, 42(4):  549-553. 

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Objective To explore the current situation and fairness of health resource allocation in Tianjin City，provide theoretical reference for the rational allocation of health resources in Tianjin City during the 15th Five Year Plan period. Methods Gini coefficient，Lorenz curve，and health resource agglomeration degree were used to evaluate the fairness of health resource allocation in Tianjin City from 2012 to 2022. The spatial autocorrelation analysis was used to explore the spatial distribution and changes of health resources in Tianjin City from 2012 to 2022. Results The Gini coefficient for the allocation of health resources in Tianjin City based on population was <0.4，while the Gini coefficients for the allocation based on area and GDP were both >0.4. Except for the health resource agglomeration degree（HRAD）/population agglomeration degree（PAD） in Hedong District，all six districts within the city had a HRAD/PAD value >1. The HRAD/PAD values for the number of beds，practicing（assistant） physicians，and nurses in health institutions in Hedong District，the five suburban districts，and the Binhai New Area were all <1. The global Moran index of various health resources in Tianjin City from 2012 to 2022 generally showed an upward trend year by year. Conclusions There are significant differences in the allocation of various health resources in Tianjin City，fairness of health resource allocation needs to be improved，and the trend of spatial agglomeration of health resources is intensifying. When allocating health resources，the joint impact of population，geographical area，and economy should be fully considered，and regional differences should be taken into account to share high-quality health resources.

Overview

Research progress on factors affecting acceptance of health monitoring tools among the elderly

ZHANG Qi, ZHANG Yongqin, WANG He, JIANG Yingchan, ZHU Tianshun, ZHOU Yifan

2026, 42(4):  554-560. 

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The health monitoring tools are capable of real-time and precise monitoring of the physiological health data of the elderly and providing timely health warnings and feedback. This facilitates the early detection of potential health issues，thereby enabling the adoption of effective measures for intervention and treatment. Nevertheless，the acceptance of health monitoring tools among the elderly remains restricted. Through searching the existing database，this paper summarizes the relevant studies on the acceptability of health monitoring tools for the elderly both at home and abroad，encompassing the application status，the theoretical model of acceptability，and the related studies on the subjective and objective influencing factors. Moreover，it proposes future improvement strategies based on the development status of health management for the elderly in China，with the aim of providing a reference for enhancing the acceptability of health monitoring tools for the elderly.

Research progress of medical staff's occupational injury risk perception

YANG Jiehui, ZHANG Rong, ZHONG Yunling, LIU Shengyu, WANG Yana

2026, 42(4):  561-565. 

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This paper reviews the relevant concepts，current status，and its main measurement tools of medical staff's perceived risk of occupational injuries. The influencing factors of medical personnel's occupational injury risk perception are analyzed in terms of demographic factors（e.g. gender，age，years of working experience，etc.），individual trait factors（e.g. psychological state，emotional response，etc.），and social environment factors（e.g. interpersonal relationship in the workplace，organizational support，etc.）. Comprehensive related studies were conducted to summarize the measures that can help medical staff maintain a reasonable level of perceived risk of occupational injury，including strengthening the cultivation of individual risk awareness，optimizing the social support system，and enhancing the safety of the work environment. In the future，the development of assessment tools for occupational injury risk perception of medical personnel，the innovation of the content and method of education and training on occupational injury risk perception of medical personnel，and the provision of appropriate internal and external environmental support for medical personnel should be actively pursued. The above review is intended to provide a reference for the innovation of localized occupational injury risk perception training models and assessment tools，as well as the promotion of positive risk management behaviours among medical personnel.

Research advances in application of artificial intelligence techniques in predicting outcomes in patients with chronic disease multimorbidities

LI Yubo, YE Lixiang, XU Zhaozhao, ZHANG Shuxiang

2026, 42(4):  566-570. 

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The chronic disease multimorbidity，defined as an individual's coexistence with at least two chronic diseases，constitutes a growing global challenge with significant impacts on individual health，family status，healthcare systems and even society. Compared to suffering from only one disease，the coexistence of multiple diseases significantly reduces patients' physiological function and quality of life，increases the burden of treatment，increases the number of medications and the risk of adverse drug reactions，and affects patients' prognosis. The artificial intelligence（AI） technologies including survival analysis models，time series analysis and reinforcement learning have powerful data recognition and analysis capabilities，and combined with the current development of big data in healthcare，AI plays an important role in predicting the outcomes of patients with chronic multimorbidities. This study summarizes the progress of the application of AI technology in predicting the outcomes of patients with chronic disease co-morbidities for the reference of prognostic assessment of patients with chronic disease multimorbidities.

Research status and reflections on perception of occupational risks among nurses in digestive endoscopy center

YE Mengdan, LI Ningning, LI Wen, LI Bingru, WU Qihan

2026, 42(4):  571-576. 

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The risk perception is a subjective assessment that measures the probability of an accident or illness occurring as a result of exposure to a risk source. With the increase in the number of annual digestive endoscopy consultations，the workload of endoscopic nurses increased，and the incidence of occupational risk also increased. Studies have shown that a higher level of risk perception is associated with a lower incidence of occupational risk or occupational accident. The nurses in the digestive endoscopy center face a wide variety of occupational risks and a high degree of risk hazards，which are easy to cause serious harm to their physical and mental health. However，at present，there are few relevant researches on nurses' occupational risk perception in China. Therefore，this paper aims to summarize the relevant concepts of nurses' occupational risk perception，types and hazards of endoscopic nurses' occupational risks，risk perception assessment tools and influencing factors，and intervention strategies for occupational risk prevention，with a view to improving the level of endoscopic nurses' occupational risk perception，to enhance the attention of hospital managers to improving nurses' occupational risk perception ability，thereby reducing the incidence of occupational risks，increasing occupational safety，and promoting occupational health.