Table of Content

01 February 2026, Volume 42 Issue 3

Previous Issue    Next Issue

Treatise

Moderated mediation effect between mental health literacy and job burnout among internet employees

CHEN Kaiyu, CHEN Yiwen

2026, 42(3):  289-295. 

Asbtract ( 15 )   HTML ( 4)   PDF (842KB) ( 13 )  

Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To explore the relationship between mental health literacy and job burnout among internet employees，as well as the mediating role of a health-promoting lifestyle and the moderating role of the work environment. Methods In October and November 2024，a questionnaire survey was conducted on 636 internet employees from 27 provinces in China. The survey used the mental health literacy scale（MHLS），Maslach burnout inventory-general survey（MBI-GS），health promoting lifestyle profile 2nd edition revised（HPLP-Ⅱ R），and perceived work environment scale，followed by data analysis. Results Internet employees scored a mean of （3.17±0.30）points on mental health literacy，（3.71±0.45）points on health-promoting lifestyle，（2.80±0.94）points on job burnout，and （4.07±0.42）points on work environment. Mental health literacy had a significant direct predictive effect on job burnout（β=-0.360，P<0.01）. After including the health-promoting lifestyle，the direct predictive effect of mental health literacy on job burnout remained significant（β=-0.239，P<0.01），and the health-promoting lifestyle had a statistically significant mediating effect on job burnout（β=-0.383，P<0.01），with the mediating effect accounting for 33.70% of the total effect value. The work environment had a positive moderating effect on the first half of the mediating model path（β=0.129，P<0.01）. Conclusion The mental health literacy among internet workers is significantly and negatively correlated with job burnout，and mental health literacy indirectly affects job burnout through a health-promoting lifestyle. The work environment has a moderating effect on the first half of the model path，meaning that a good work environment enhances the relationship between mental health literacy and a health-promoting lifestyle. This finding emphasizes that improving mental health literacy，promoting a healthy lifestyle，and optimizing the work environment are important strategies for effectively alleviating job burnout.

Analysis of occupational disease incidence in Wujin District of Changzhou City from 2006 to 2023

TANG Jinyu, LI Chunchun, ZHOU Yichao

2026, 42(3):  296-300. 

Asbtract ( 14 )   HTML ( 4)   PDF (952KB) ( 2 )  

Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To analyze the incidence and trends of reported occupational diseases in Wujin District of Changzhou City from 2006 to 2023，and provide a basis for formulating prevention and control strategies. Methods Data on occupational disease cases in Wujin District of Changzhou City were collected from the "Occupational Disease and Health Hazard Factors Monitoring Information System"，and descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze demographic，temporal，and industrial distribution patterns. Results From 2006 to 2023，a total of 290 new cases of occupational diseases were reported，covering 5 major categories and 24 specific types. The primary diseases were occupational pneumoconiosis（172 cases，59.31%），occupational chemical poisoning（55 cases，18.97%），and occupational ear，nose，and throat（ENT）/oral diseases（49 cases，16.90%），collectively accounting for 95.17% of all cases. Silicosis was the main type of pneumoconiosis（145 cases，84.30%）. Acute poisoning dominated chemical poisoning cases（37 cases，67.27%），primarily involving other chemical poisonings，carbon monoxide poisoning，and dimethylformamide poisoning. Chronic poisoning was mainly caused by benzene（10 cases，55.56%）. Noise-induced deafness was the predominant ENT/oral disease（47 cases，95.92%）. The overall incidence of occupational diseases in the district showed an initial increase followed by a decline，peaking in 2021（41 cases，14.14%）. Among the cases，259 were male（89.31%） and 31 were female（10.69%）. The mean age of diagnosis was （54.95±0.82）years，with the highest proportions in the 40-<50 and 50-<60 age groups（67 cases each，23.10%）. The mean length of service was （12.67±0.51）years，with the 16-<21 year group being the largest（64 cases，22.07%）. There was a statistically significant difference in the composition of disease types among different length of service groups（χ²=220.047，P<0.01）. Cases were concentrated in the mining（133 cases，45.86%） and manufacturing（129 cases，44.48%） industries，with statistically significant differences in disease type distribution between industries（χ²=274.481，P<0.01）. Small enterprises accounted for 77.24% of cases，and private enterprises（134 cases，46.21%） and state-owned/collective enterprises（123 cases，42.41%） were the predominant types. There were statistically significant differences in the disease type distribution among different enterprise scales and economic types（χ²=28.323，208.205，both P<0.05）. Conclusion Occupational hazards remain severe in Wujin District of Changzhou City. Pneumoconiosis，chemical poisoning，and noise-induced deafness are key targets for prevention and control. Efforts should be strengthened to enhance occupational health supervision and protective measures in the mining and manufacturing industries，as well as in small，private，and state-owned/collective enterprises.

Investigation on the current status of noise hazard in workplace in Yubei District of Chongqing City

LI Chunlin, LI Wen, LUO Lin

2026, 42(3):  301-306. 

Asbtract ( 8 )   HTML ( 2)   PDF (705KB) ( 3 )  

Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To understand the hazards of noise in the workplace in Yubei District and provide a basis for noise prevention and control for regulatory authorities through the field investigation and monitoring of the noise hazards in the workplace in key industries in Yubei District of Chongqing City. Methods According to the project of "2023 Chongqing Yubei District workplace occupational-disease-inductive factors monitoring work"，66 companies were included in this study. The basic information and the status of occupational supervision were collected by field investigation，the noise intensity of the work site was monitored on site，and the data were analyzed. Results There were 7 849 workers exposed to the occupational-disease-inductive factors in 66 enterprises，among whom 6 928 were exposed to noise，account for 88.3%. There were statistically significant differences in the number of people exposed to occupational hazards，the distribution of people exposed to noise，and the training rate of people exposed to occupational hazards among different enterprise sizes，economic types，and industry classifications（all P<0.05）. With the increase of enterprises size，the situation of excessive noise gradually increases，but the abnormal rate of occupational health examination for noise gradually decreases，and the difference was statistically significant（P<0.05）. The correlation analysis of the abnormal rate of noise occupational health examination found that the abnormal rate of noise occupational health examination was related to the situation of excessive noise and the efficiency of noise prevention facilities and equipment. Conclusion The occupational hazards of noise in Yubei District of Chongqing City are relatively serious. It is necessary to strengthen the supervision and training of occupational health in productive enterprises，especially in the training of occupational health management in micro，small and medium enterprises，and encourage enterprises to equip effective noise reduction facilities. Implement pre-duty，on-duty and off-duty occupational health examinations，attach importance to and supervise workers to wear noise proof earplugs or earmuffs，and effectively reduce the harm of noise to workers as much as possible.

Mediating effect of work-family conflict between organizational climate and job burnout in emergency room nurses

LU Ping, DAI Xuerong, XU Meihong, ZUO Yanyu, ZHANG Han

2026, 42(3):  307-311. 

Asbtract ( 6 )   HTML ( 1)   PDF (735KB) ( 2 )  

Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To explore the influencing factors of job burnout in emergency room nurses，and to analyze the mediating effect of work-family conflict between organizational climate and job burnout. Methods Convenience sampling was used to select nurses from the emergency room of Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University as survey subjects from January 2022 to January 2024. A questionnaire survey was conducted using demographic information questionnaire，Maslach job burnout scale，organizational climate scale and work-family conflict scale. The structural equation model was constructed by AMOS 7.0 to test the mediating effect. Results A total of 70 questionnaires were distributed and 68 were collected，with a response rate of 97.14%. The total scores of job burnout，work-family conflict and organizational climate were（61.52±9.30），（17.96±3.58） and（85.29±7.34） points，respectively，which were all at middle levels. There were statistically significant differences in the scores of job burnout among nurses with different age，marriage age，technical titles，childbearing status and number of monthly night shifts（all P<0.05）. Childbearing number ≥2 and number of monthly night shifts ≥10 were influencing factors of job burnout among emergency room nurses（both P<0.05）. The total score of job burnout was positively correlated with total score of work-family conflict，while negatively correlated with total score of organizational climate，and total score of work-family conflict was negatively correlated with total score of organizational climate（all P<0.05）. Work-family conflict played partial mediating effect between organizational climate and job burnout，accounting for 25.38% of the total effect. Conclusion Childbearing status and number of night shifts are influencing factors of job burnout in emergency room nurses，and work-family conflict plays partial mediating effect between organizational climate and job burnout.

Monitoring and analysis of benzene series compounds in workplaces of different industries in Jinshan District of Shanghai City

WU Yun, YAO Lihong, ZHOU Xuesong, WU Xiaobin, YE Yulong

2026, 42(3):  312-316. 

Asbtract ( 9 )   HTML ( 2)   PDF (761KB) ( 1 )  

Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To understand the concentration levels of benzene series substances in workplaces in Jinshan District of Shanghai City，and to grasp the types and concentration characteristics of benzene series substances in different industries' workplaces，providing a basis for formulating occupational disease prevention and control strategies. Methods Fixed-point and individual sampling were conducted in 40 enterprises involving benzene series substances in Jinshan District from 2023 to 2024，and the substances were detected by gas chromatography. The results of fixed-point and individual sampling were compared，and the types and concentration characteristics of benzene series substances in different industries were analyzed. Results A total of 40 enterprises were monitored. The pass rate was 70.0% in 2023 and 75.0% in 2024（P>0.05）. In the fixed-point sampling，the pass rate of toluene（99.3%） was higher than that of xylene（82.4%）（P<0.05）. In the individual sampling，all four benzene series substances were qualified. The detection rate of benzene and toluene in individual sampling were higher than that in fixed-point sampling. The concentration of fixed-point sampling in the chemical manufacturing industry，furniture manufacturing industry，metal products industry，automotive manufacturing industry，and rubber and plastic products industry were higher than that of individual sampling. The over-standard sampling points were mainly distributed in the chemical manufacturing industry and automotive manufacturing industry. Among all the monitored industries，the detection rates of toluene，ethylbenzene and xylene were relatively high. Only toluene had a relatively high detection rate in the pharmaceutical manufacturing industry. The concentration of xylene was relatively high in the automotive manufacturing industry and furniture manufacturing industry，while the concentration of toluene was relatively high in the rubber and plastic products industry. The concentration of all benzene series substances was relatively low in the pharmaceutical manufacturing industry and printing industry. The detection rate of benzene was lower than that of the other three benzene series substances，and the concentration of benzene was relatively low in all industries. Conclusion The qualified rate of individual sampling for benzene series monitoring in Jinshan District of Shanghai City is 100.0%，and the occupational exposure risk of benzene series in workers is low. The results of exceeding the standard are all from the fixed point sampling data，so the fixed point sampling and monitoring of enterprises should be strengthened. Focus on the chemical manufacturing industry and develop monitoring programs according to the characteristics of different industries.

Occupational disease hazard factors monitoring and analysis of 711 employers in Guangyuan City from 2020 to 2024

LUO Xing, XUE Rong

2026, 42(3):  317-321. 

Asbtract ( 8 )   HTML ( 1)   PDF (723KB) ( 2 )  

Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To analyze the monitoring data of occupational hazards in Guangyuan City from 2020 to 2024，providing reference for further improving occupational health protection work. Methods Collect monitoring information on occupational hazards in workplaces in Guangyuan City from 2020 to 2024 in the Workplace Occupational Hazard Monitoring Information System，and conduct statistical analysis on basic information of employers，exposure to occupational hazards，occupational health monitoring，and detection of occupational hazards. Results From 2020 to 2024，monitoring was conducted on 711 households in Guangyuan City，with small and micro enterprises accounting for 95.78%. The number of people exposed to occupational hazards was 57.53%，with the dust exposure rate increasing year by year. The training rates for unit leaders，occupational health management personnel，and workers were 79.89%，82.42% and 83.46%，respectively. The occupational health examination rate was 65.82%，the abnormal rate of physical examinations was 3.44%，and the regular testing rate was 49.51%，all showing an increasing trend year by year. There was statistically significant difference in the distribution rate of protective equipment for different hazardous factors（χ²=65.211，P<0.01）. The unit exceedance rate and job exceedance rate were both physical factors>dust factors>chemical factors. The exceedance rate of units and positions with dust hazards had been decreasing year by year. Conclusion Employers in Guangyuan City are mainly small and micro enterprises，with a high proportion of workers exposed to hazardous factors and a high risk of occupational diseases. We need to deepen the prevention at the source，strengthen the supervision and management of occupational health in enterprises，especially in small and micro enterprises，and strengthen the supervision and occupational health monitoring work to reduce the occurrence of occupational diseases.

Experimental study on the dose distribution of radiation field in Y-90 treatment sites guided by interventional radiology

LIAO Xin, FENG Xiaobin, JIANG Wenwen, YU Runqiu, GU Haoyan, MA Yongzhong

2026, 42(3):  322-329. 

Asbtract ( 8 )   HTML ( 2)   PDF (1994KB) ( 2 )  

Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To understand the dose distribution of the radiation field in Yttrium-90（Y-90） treatment room under the guidance of digital subtraction angiography（DSA） and the exposure dose of the operators near the machine，in order to provide scientific basis and technical guidance for the design of radiation protection of treatment room and the formulation of personal protection decisions. Methods The research focused on the DSA apparatus typed INNOVA 4100-IQ（with a current of ≥800 mA） used for guiding Y-90 microsphere therapy and its operating treatment room were used as the objects researched. Within the planned 45-day monitoring period，under the condition of all 48 cases of DSA-guided Y-90 treatment-related surgeries were finished，the dose levels at different positions within the DSA operating treatment room were measured using thermoluminescent dosimeter（TLD） point placement and cumulative measurement. The dose received by the operators near the couch was measured using an active personal dosimeter（APD） in combination with TLD，and a dedicated database was established for statistical analysis. Results The maximum dose rates on the south and north sides of the treatment room，parallel to the longitudinal axis of the treatment couch and close to the inner walls，were 0.42 and 0.34 mSv/h，respectively，with average values of 0.14 and 0.16 mSv/h，respectively. The dose levels on the south and north sides of the room were basically symmetrical. At a distance of 50 cm from the center of the irradiation field corresponding to the patient's abdomen on the side of the couch，the maximum dose rate was 8.03 mSv/h，which was much higher than the dose rates on the side of the couch at the head and lower limbs of the corresponding patients. This was in line with the dose distribution characteristic that the dose gradually decreased towards both ends at the central position. In the single-pass DSA-guided Y-90 infusion surgery，the external doses on the lead suits of the first and second surgeons were 20 and 110 μSv，respectively，which were basically consistent with the theoretical calculated values. Conclusion The measured data on the dose distribution of radiation field in treatment room and the exposure dose of personnel during the Y-90 treatment under the guidance of DSA have practical value in the design of workplace radiation protection and the formulation and implementation of personal protection decisions. It is necessary to conduct in-depth research on the project by combining intelligent monitoring technology.

Detection methods of alternaria toxins in commercially available maize flour in 11 cities in Hebei Province and dietary exposure assessment

ZHANG Wei, SUN Fuqiang, LI Wei, WANG Dong, LIU Jiaxiang, WANG Wenxi

2026, 42(3):  330-334. 

Asbtract ( 9 )   HTML ( 2)   PDF (853KB) ( 2 )  

Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To establish a detection method for alternaria toxins in maize flour，investigate the contamination status of alternaria toxins in corn flour in Hebei Province，assess the health risks of dietary exposure to the population，and further provide a basis for food safety supervision. Methods In 2023，a total of 200 commercial cornmeal samples were collected from 11 cities in Hebei Province. The four kinds of alternaria toxins in the samples were detected by using solid phase extraction-isotope dilution liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry，and the contamination status of the four types of alternaria toxins in maize flour was analyzed. The health risk of alternaria toxins was evaluated based on the threshold of toxicological concern（TTC） method. Results The method validation demonstrated linear correlation coefficients all greater than 0.998，with recovery rates ranging from 86% to 104% and relative standard deviations（RSDs） of 2.2%-8.1%. The detection rates of tenuazonic acid（TeA），alternariol monomethyl ether（AME），tentoxin（TEN），and alternariol（AOH） in corn flour were 48.00%，40.00%，15.00%，and 11.00% respectively，with an overall detection rate of 64.00%. The average contents of TeA，AME，TEN，and AOH were 9.560，0.445，0.079，and 0.557 μg/kg，respectively. Dietary exposure levels of four types of alternaria toxins were all below the TTC values. Conclusion The method is applicable for rapid detection of alternaria toxins in cornmeal，and the contamination levels of these toxins in cornmeal from Hebei Province were found to be relatively low，indicating controllable health risks.

Determination of 104 pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables using QuEChERS combined with gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry

CAI Jingting, YANG Qifan

2026, 42(3):  335-342. 

Asbtract ( 14 )   HTML ( 1)   PDF (1547KB) ( 9 )  

Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To establish a quick，easy，cheap，effective，rugged and safe（QuEChERS） combined with gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for the determination of 104 pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables. Methods The samples were extracted with acetonitrile and QuEChERS extraction salt packets，and then purified with anhydrous magnesium sulfate and primary secondary amine（PSA）. Separation was performed on an HP-5MS UI column，and detection was carried out using dynamic multiple reaction monitoring（dMRM） mode. Quantification was achieved by external standard calibration with matrix-matched standards. Results Under the refined experimental conditions，the 104 pesticides exhibited strong linearity across a concentration range of 10 to 500 μg/L，with correlation coefficients greater than 0.995. The mean recovery rates at various concentration levels fell between 71.18% and 123.43%，and the relative standard deviations were within the range of 0.613% to 9.523%（n=6）. The limits of detection varied from 0.000 012 to 0.002 2 mg/kg，while the limits of quantification ranged from 0.000 041 to 0.007 2 mg/kg. Conclusion The method has the advantages of good selectivity，high accuracy，and strong sensitivity，and can meet the requirements for detection and analysis of diverse pesticide residues in fruit and vegetable samples.

Determination of matrix effects of 23 pesticide residues in different vegetables using UPLC-MS/MS

ZHOU Yihui, FAN Huiying, YANG Qifan

2026, 42(3):  343-348. 

Asbtract ( 12 )   HTML ( 1)   PDF (1923KB) ( 2 )  

Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To establish a method for determining 23 pesticide residues in 21 vegetables using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry（UPLC-MS/MS），and study the matrix effects of pesticide residues under the conditions of solid-phase extraction and quick，easy，cheep，effective，rugged and safe（QuEChERS） pre-treatment methods in different vegetable matrices. Methods Under the detection conditions of UPLC-MS/MS，different types of vegetable matrix effect were detected. Results The detection limit of the method was 0.000 01-0.005 11 mg/kg. The average relative standard deviation（RSD） of low，medium，and high concentrations were 2.67%-16.94%，4.64%-15.88%，and 1.91%-13.24%，respectively. The spiked recovery rates at concentrations of 80，160，and 320 μg/kg were 65.51%-110.90%，64.93%-107.25% and 64.79%-94.97%，respectively. Most of the 23 pesticides showed weak inhibition in 21 different vegetables，with a small portion exhibiting medium to weak enhanced matrix effects. Moreover，different adsorbent dosages，pre-treatment methods，and matrix types had a significant impact on the matrix effects of each pesticide residue compound. Conclusion The impact of matrix effects on the detection results of various pesticide residues varies among different vegetable samples under two pre-treatment conditions. Although the detection method used in this study has good precision，low detection limit，and stable spiked recovery rate，it is still necessary to strengthen the elimination of matrix effects to ensure the accuracy and reliability of the results.

Multiple mediation effects of hospital magnetism and perceived professional benefits between occupational stress and presenteeism among clinical nurses

NIU Di, YANG Fengjuan, BAO Sucan, SUN Zhixia, FENG Huiling

2026, 42(3):  349-356. 

Asbtract ( 6 )   HTML ( 1)   PDF (775KB) ( 2 )  

Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To investigate the status of presenteeism among clinical nurses and explore the multiple mediation effects of hospital magnetism and sense of occupational benefits between nurses' occupational stress and presenteeism. Methods By using the convenient sampling method，360 clinical nurses were selected as research subjects from two tertiary hospitals in Hebei and Shandong provinces from January to May 2024. General information questionnaires，the perceived professional benefits scale，the hospital magnetism level scale，the occupational stress scale，and the hidden absenteeism scale were used to conduct the investigation and analysis of clinical nurses. Results The total score of perceived professional benefits of clinical nurses was （123.93±23.76）points，the total score of hospital magnetism element level was （156.49±25.05）points，the total score of occupational stress was （87.42±22.47）points，and the total score of hidden absenteeism was （18.02±6.75）points. The total score of hidden absenteeism of clinical nurses was positively correlated with the total score of occupational stress and the scores of each dimension（r=0.186-0.343，all P<0.01），negatively correlated with the total score of hospital magnetism level and the scores of each dimension（r=-0.404- -0.325，all P<0.01），and negatively correlated with the total score of perceived professional benefits and the scores of each dimension（r=-0.437--0.320，all P<0.05）. The hospital magnetism level of clinical nurses played a partial mediating role between occupational stress and hidden absenteeism，with a mediating effect of 0.051，accounting for 12.41% of the total effect. Perceived professional benefits played a partial mediating role between occupational stress and hidden absenteeism，with a mediating effect of 0.065，accounting for 15.82% of the total effect. Hospital magnetism level and perceived professional benefits played a chain mediating role between occupational stress and hidden absenteeism，with a mediating effect of 0.008，accounting for 1.95% of the total effect. Conclusion The incidence of hidden absenteeism among clinical nurses is relatively high. Occupational stress can indirectly affect nurses' hidden absenteeism respectively through the mediating role of hospital magnetism level and perceived professional benefits，and the chain mediating role of hospital magnetism level and perceived professional benefits.

Analysis of the current status and influencing factors of nurses' core competency in public grade-A tertiary hospitals in Xianyang City

ZHANG Chen, SHUI Mingming, YANG Qiong, ZHAO Yan, ZHANG Qiao, LI Meng

2026, 42(3):  357-362. 

Asbtract ( 9 )   HTML ( 2)   PDF (1228KB) ( 2 )  

Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To understand the current status of core competencies in public grade-A tertiary hospitals in Xianyang City，and analyze the impact of information competence on their core competencies，and provide new ideas to enhance the core competencies of nurses. Methods Using the snowball sampling method，749 nurses from four public grade-A tertiary hospitals in Xianyang City were selected as survey subjects from May to June 2024. A general situation questionnaire，a nurse information competency assessment form and a registered nurse core competency assessment scale were used for the questionnaire survey，and the data were analyzed. Results The information competence score of nurses in public grade-A tertiary hospitals in Xianyang City was （91.10±18.90）points，and the core competency score was （225.62±33.11）points. There were statistically significant differences in the core competency scores of nurses with different gender，age，educational level，length of service，professional title，employment type，marital status，salary performance，nursing hierarchy，whether they were specialized nurses，teaching or research，going out for further education or learning，publishing papers or popular science articles（all P<0.01）. Nurses' information competence was positively correlated with their core competencies and their various dimensions（r=0.393，0.409，0.476，0.474，all P<0.01）. Nursing hierarchy，salary performance，teaching/research，computer skills，and comprehensive computer application abilities were the main influencing factors of the core competencies of registered nurses in public grade-A tertiary hospitals in Xianyang City（all P<0.01），which could explain 31.10% of the changes. Conclusion Nursing hierarchy，salary performance，teaching/research，computer skills，and comprehensive computer application abilities have a significant impact on the core competencies of nurses. Nursing managers should pay attention to nursing hierarchy training and encourage nurses to independently improve their professional connotation；Establish a salary performance system that focuses on value creation，value evaluation，and value distribution；Enhance opportunities for participation in teaching and research，strengthen training in information technology knowledge and skills，promote the improvement of nurses' core competencies，and drive the high-quality development of the nursing profession.

Analysis of the relationship between psychological resilience and work environment，big five personality traits，and coping styles among clinical nurses

WANG Yingchun, ZHANG Qian, LIU Jing, ZHOU Xiaoming, YUAN Qi, JIANG Haiyan

2026, 42(3):  363-367. 

Asbtract ( 7 )   HTML ( 1)   PDF (739KB) ( 6 )  

Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To investigate the current status and influencing factors of psychological resilience among clinical nurses in the southeastern region of Hubei Province，and analyze the relationships between psychological resilience，work environment，big five personality traits，and coping styles，in order to provide evidence-based support for developing targeted interventions of psychological resilience for clinical nurses. Methods From September to December 2023，a cross-sectional study was conducted on 773 clinical nurses in the southeastern region of Hubei Province. Guided by the environment-individual interaction resilience model，the questionnaire survey were conducted using the general information questionnaire，Connor-Davidson resilience scale（CD-RISC），the big five personality traits inventory-Chinese version（TIPI-C），practice environment scale of the nursing work index， and simplified coping style questionnaire（SCSQ），and the data were analyzed. Results The total score of psychological resilience was （73.59±18.66）points，with scores of （11.70±3.16），（22.52±5.89） and （37.37±10.38）points in the three dimensions of optimism， strength，and tenacity. The scores of psychological resilience and its various dimensions were positively correlated with the nursing work environment and its various dimensions（all P<0.05）. The scores of psychological resilience and its various dimensions were positively correlated with the scores of openness，conscientiousness，extro-version，and agreeableness dimensions in the big five personality traits（all P<0.05），and negatively correlated with the neuroticism dimension（all P<0.05）. The scores of psychological resilience and its various dimensions were positively correlated with the scores of the two dimensions of positive coping styles（all P<0.05）. Neuroticism，openness，and agreeableness in the big five personality traits，positive coping，adequate staffing，and workplace responsibility were all independent influencing factors of clinical nurses' psychological resilience（all P<0.05）. Conclusion The psychological resilience of clinical nurses is at an above average level. Nursing administrators should pay attention to the individual personality traits of clinical nurses，optimize the nursing work environment，cultivate positive coping styles，and construct a comprehensive，multi perspective，scientifically effective，and targeted psychological resilience interventions for nurses from an individual to the environment，in order to improve the psychological resilience of clinical nurses and promote their mental health.

Analysis of the current status and influencing factors of household thirdhand smoke exposure among preschool children in Beijing

LI Zihui, CAO Yuan, HE Langzhi, SHI Fan, KONG Haonan, WANG Yun

2026, 42(3):  368-373. 

Asbtract ( 41 )   HTML ( 4)   PDF (710KB) ( 7 )  

Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To analyze the current status and influencing factors of thirdhand smoke（THS） exposure among preschool children in household environments in Beijing，so as to provide a scientific basis for developing regional THS prevention and control measures and promoting child health. Methods A stratified cluster sampling method was used to select 1 748 children aged 4-6 years from kindergartens in Beijing from February to April 2023. A questionnaire survey was conducted to collect data on household THS exposure characteristics，followed by statistical analysis. Results The household THS exposure rate among preschool children in Beijing was 58.12%. The exposure rate in suburban areas（70.97%） was significantly higher than that in urban areas（47.13%）（χ²=101.371，P<0.05）. Younger parental age and lower parental education level were associated with higher THS exposure rates（all P<0.05）. Among the types of THS exposure，mixed exposure was the most prevalent（33.47%），followed by single exposure（13.62%），and occasional exposure was the least common（11.04%）. Suburban households had higher rates of indoor smoking permission，higher proportions of multi-smoker households（where both parents and grandparents smoke），greater prevalence of cigarette smoking，greater daily cigarette consumption，and lower frequencies of indoor surface cleaning compared to urban households（all P<0.05）. Conclusion The household THS exposure rate among preschool children in Beijing remains high and is influenced by factors such as residential area，parental age，and education level. Suburban children face more severe THS exposure，necessitating targeted regional prevention and control and health intervention measures to effectively reduce THS exposure risks.

Health risk assessment of chlorine disinfection by-products in drinking water in Dongcheng District of Beijing City

FU Xiuying, HUANG Lu, YANG Di, TANG Deming, CUI Jingxi, DUAN Xu

2026, 42(3):  374-378. 

Asbtract ( 11 )   HTML ( 1)   PDF (786KB) ( 8 )  

Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To understand the levels of six disinfection by-products in drinking water in Dongcheng District of Beijing City from 2023 to 2024，including trichloromethane，dichlorodibromomethane，dichlorobromomethane，tribromomethane，dichloroacetic acid，and trichloroacetic acid，and to assess their health risks to the population. Methods From 2023 to 2024，collect the effluent from water plants in the jurisdiction，municipal terminal water from corresponding pipelines，and secondary water supply for chlorine disinfection byproduct detection. Use the health risk assessment method recommended by the US Environmental Protection Agency（USEPA） to evaluate the health risks of disinfection by-products exposed to adults through drinking water routes in the jurisdiction，and analyze the concentration differences of disinfection by-products in different water quality types（effluent water，municipal terminal water，secondary water supply），years，and water periods（wet season，dry season）. Results The detection rate of six chlorine disinfection by-products ranged from 81.88% to 100.00%. There were statistically significant differences in the concentrations of chlorodibromomethane，dichlorodibromomethane，and dichloroacetic acid among different water quality types（χ²=14.272，28.641，13.330，all P<0.01）. The three disinfection by-products had the highest concentration in factory water and the lowest concentration in municipal terminal water. There were statistically significant differences in the concentrations of dichlorodibromomethane，dichloroacetic acid，and trichloroacetic acid in different years（χ²=7.775，8.236，12.385，all P<0.01），and the concentrations of the three disinfection by-products were all higher in 2023. There were statistically significant differences in the concentrations of monochlorodibromomethane，tribromomethane，and dichlorodibromomethane in different water periods（χ²=13.125， 50.434，32.008，all P<0.01）. The concentrations of monochlorodibromomethane and tribromomethane were higher in the dry season than in the wet season，and the concentration of dichlorodibromomethane was higher in the wet season than in the dry season. The maximum R-value of 6 disinfection by-products had a carcinogenic risk of less than 1.00×10^-4，which was lower than the maximum acceptable risk specified by USEPA. Among them，chloroform had the highest carcinogenic risk，with a median R-value of 3.000×10^-5 and an R-value range of 0.002×10^-5-5.053×10^-5. Except for the median R value of bromomethane，which was less than 1.00×10^-6，the median R values of the other five chemical pollutants were all greater than 1.00×10^-6（0.591×10^-5-3.000×10^-5），indicating a certain carcinogenic risk but within an acceptable level. The non-carcinogenic risk of the six disinfection by-products was far less than 1，with chloroform having the highest non-carcinogenic risk. The median HQ value was 9.679×10^-2，ranging from 0.006×10^-2 to 16.299×10^-2. Conclusion The carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks of six disinfection by-products in drinking water in Dongcheng District of Beijing City are within an acceptable range，with trichloromethane as the key indicator of concern.

Analysis of injurious behavior and related factors of primary and secondary school students in Xianghuangqi，Xilin Gol League in 2023

LIU Yao, YANG Jiajia, ZHU Peifei, ZHENG Huiqiu, XING Meiqi, WANG Yanling

2026, 42(3):  379-384. 

Asbtract ( 10 )   HTML ( 1)   PDF (1639KB) ( 3 )  

Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To understand the current situation and related factors of injury-related behaviors among primary and secondary school students in Xianghuangqi，Xilin Gol League，and provide reference for exploring effective intervention measures for childhood injuries. Methods From September to December 2023，a convenience sampling method was used to select 1 252 primary and secondary school students in Xianghuangqi，Xilin Gol League，Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region，including 2 primary schools，2 junior high schools，and 1 high school，to conduct a survey on injury-related behaviors and influencing factors，and the data were analyzed. Results Injury-related behaviors were present in 749 of 1 252 students，with an incidence rate of 59.8%. The incidence rates of injury-related behaviors from high to low were walking violation（32.7%），school bullying（28.4%），family bullying（21.2%），and swimming in unsafe sites（4.2%）. 56 survey respondents（4.5%） had experienced three or more injury-related behaviors，216 survey respondents（17.3%） had experienced two injury-related behaviors，and 478 survey respondents（38.2%） had experienced one injury-related behavior. Smoking（OR=2.524，95%CI：1.223-5.211），alcohol consumption（OR=2.049，95%CI：1.388-3.024），and passive smoking（OR=1.290，95%CI：1.009-1.649） were the risk factors for walking violations. Residency（OR=2.482，95%CI：1.244-4.955） and smoking（OR=4.797，95%CI：1.870-12.304） were both risk factors for swimming in unsafe sites，while middle school（OR=0.435，95%CI：0.217-0.871） and high school（OR=0.293，95%CI：0.109-0.785） were both protective factors for swimming in unsafe sites. In family bullying，passive smoking（OR=1.684，95%CI：1.259-2.252） and alcohol consumption（OR=2.766，95%CI：1.797-4.259） were both risk factors，while middle school（OR=0.629，95%CI：0.461-0.857） and high school（OR=0.292，95%CI：0.183-0.467） were both protective factors. In school bullying，high school was the protective factor（OR=0.361，95%CI：0.245-0.531）. Conclusion The prevalence of injury-related behaviors among primary and secondary school students in Xianghuangqi，Xilin Gol League is high，with the highest incidence of walking violations and the coexistence of multiple injurious behaviors. Injury-related behavior interventions for primary and secondary school students in this area should be focused on primary school students，resident students，smokers，passive smokers，and alcohol drinkers.

Mediating role of professional maturity of master's degree nursing students between clinical learning environment and professional identity

HAN Yingying, XU Shujuan

2026, 42(3):  385-389. 

Asbtract ( 10 )   HTML ( 2)   PDF (704KB) ( 10 )  

Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To understand the mediating role of career maturity of master of nursing specialist（MNS） graduate students between clinical learning environment and professional identity，and provide reference for improving their professional identity and stabilizing the nursing talent team. Methods From June to July 2024，a convenience sampling method was used to conduct a survey of 211 MNS graduate students enrolled in 7 medical colleges in 6 provinces of China. The survey included the general information questionnaire，nursing student professional identity scale，nursing master's degree graduate student clinical learning environment evaluation scale，and nursing master's degree graduate student career maturity scale，and the data were analyzed. Results The total score of professional identity of MNS graduate students was （56.52±12.67）points，the total score of clinical learning environment was （132.45±26.95）points，and the total score of career maturity was （90.62±20.01）points，all of which were in the middle level. MNS postgraduate students' professional identity was related to gender，whether they had work experience in nursing，and perception of employment prospects in nursing（all P<0.05），clinical learning environment was related to perception of employment prospects in nursing（P<0.05），and career maturity was related to they had work experience in nursing（P<0.05）. Clinical learning environment was positively correlated with career maturity and professional identity，and career maturity was also positively correlated with professional identity（all P<0.01）. The mediating effect of career maturity between clinical learning environment and professional identity was 0.044，accounting for 13% of the total effect. Conclusion MNS graduate students' career maturity plays a partial mediating role between clinical learning environment and professional identity. Nursing educators should take targeted measures to improve the clinical learning environment of MNS graduate students and strengthen the development of their career maturity level，and thereby improve the professional identity of MNS graduate students.

Correlation analysis between professional identity and psychological resilience among nursing students

TAN Xin, CHEN Xuelian, WANG Xiaohui, ZHANG Xiameng, CHEN Xinwei, XU Xiaomei

2026, 42(3):  390-394. 

Asbtract ( 11 )   HTML ( 1)   PDF (695KB) ( 5 )  

Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To investigate the current status of professional identity and psychological resilience among nursing students，analyze the correlation between these two factors，and provide reference for enhancing the professional identity of nursing students. Methods A convenience sampling method was used to select 1 263 nursing students from three universities in Chengdu from April to August 2023 as the research subjects. A general information questionnaire，professional identity scale，and psychological resilience scale were used for data collection and analysis. Results The total score of professional identity for 1 263 nursing students was （57.9±11.67）points，with an average score for each item of （3.41±0.69）points. The total score of psychological resilience was （79.99±14.57）points，with an average score for each item of （3.33±0.61）points. There were statistically significant differences in the professional identity scores of nursing students among different genders，ages，whether they were only children，whether they were student cadres，and training levels（all P<0.05）. There were statistically significant differences in the scores of psychological resilience among nursing students of different genders and whether they were student cadres（all P<0.05）. The total scores and dimensions of professional identity were positively correlated with the total scores and dimensions of psychological resilience（r=0.152-0.480，all P<0.01）. Gender，being the only child，training level，self-reliance，and psychological resilience were the main influencing factors of professional identity among nursing students（all P<0.05）. Conclusion The professional identity and psychological resilience of nursing students are at a moderate level and show a significant positive correlation. It is suggested to comprehensively improve nursing students' professional identity from multiple dimensions，including the individual，school education，medical institution environment，and social environment.

Meta-analysis of addictive substance use and influencing factors among Chinese MSM population

QIN Wenting, YANG Lianzhao, GAO Hui, CHEN Ling, SANG Shulin

2026, 42(3):  395-402. 

Asbtract ( 12 )   HTML ( 1)   PDF (1452KB) ( 2 )  

Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To understand the use，temporal and regional distribution characteristics，and the influencing factors of usage of addictive substances in men who have sex with men（MSM） in China，in order to provide reference for the prevention and control of AIDS in China. Methods Retrieve literature on the use of addictive substances by Chinese MSM published in China National Knowledge Infrastructure，Wanfang，VIP，China Biomedical Literature Database，PubMed，EMbase，The Cochrane library，Web of Science，and CINAHL for data extraction. The retrieval period was from the establishment of the database to May 22，2024. Stata 14.0 software was used to calculate the combined effect values of utilization rate and odds ratio（OR），and sensitivity analysis，publication bias assessment and subgroup analysis were performed. Results A total of 38 articles were included，including 46 629 cases of MSM. The usage rate of addictive substance of MSM in China was 33%（95%CI：26.7%-39.3%，P<0.01）. Monthly income ≥5 000 yuan（OR=2.464，95%CI：1.646-3.691），the human immunodeficiency virus（HIV） positive test（OR=1.068，95%CI：1.028-1.109），multiple sexual partners in the past half year（OR=1.063，95%CI：1.043-1.083），sexual roles as the penetrated party（OR=1.063， 95%CI：1.033-1.093），the way to find sexual partners was the Internet（OR=2.340，95%CI：1.954-2.802），having sexual relations with commercial partners（OR=2.403，95%CI：1.780-2.243），and having group sex（OR=1.510，95%CI：1.394-1.636） were the influencing factors for the use of addictive substances in MSM in China（all P<0.05）. Conclusion The usage rate of addictive substance of MSM in China has increased compared with the previous one，among which the monthly income ≥5 000 yuan，positive HIV test，multiple sexual partners in the past six months，sexual roles as the penetrated party，the way to find sexual partners is the Internet，and sexual relations with commercial partners have become the influencing factors for the use of addictive substances in MSM. Relevant departments need to strengthen the popularization of health knowledge about MSM with the above influencing factors，and regulate the use of addictive substances.

Investigation and Research

Mediating role of emotion regulation strategies in alleviating burnout and psychological stress among orthopedic nurses

WANG Yang, LIU Lihui, GU Yirong, LI Boya, ZHEN Jumei

2026, 42(3):  403-406. 

Asbtract ( 13 )   HTML ( 1)   PDF (715KB) ( 1 )  

Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To explore the mediating role of emotion regulation strategies in alleviating burnout and enhancing psychological resilience in orthopedic nurses，and provide a scientific basis for improving nurses' mental health. Methods From June 2022 to June 2024，68 orthopedic nurses from Beijing Shijitan Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University were selected as research subjects. Data were collected using a general information questionnaire，an emotion regulation strategy questionnaire，a job burnout scale，and a psychological resilience scale，and the data were analyzed. Results The Chinese version of the cognitive emotion regulation strategies questionnaire for orthopedic nurses had a total score of （108.75±6.59）points，the burnout scale had a total score of （102.59±6.86）points，and the simplified version of the mental toughness scale had a total score of （25.30±6.95）points. Pearson correlation analysis showed that mental toughness of orthopedic nurses was significantly positively correlated with emotion regulation strategies（r=0.589，P<0.01），while significantly negatively correlated with burnout（r=-0.421，P<0.01），and the burnout was significantly negatively correlated with emotion regulation strategies（r=-0.685，P<0.01）. Mental toughness played an indirect predictive role in the effect of emotion regulation strategies on burnout，with an indirect effect value of -0.168，accounted for 24.45% of the total effect. The total effect value of emotion regulation strategies on burnout was -0.687，with indirect effect accounted for 75.55% of the total effect. Conclusion There are significant correlations between emotion regulation strategies and both burnout and psychological toughness among orthopedic nurses，and psychological toughness plays a mediating role in the effect of emotion regulation strategies on burnout. Hospitals and nursing administrators should emphasize the development of nurses' emotion regulation skills and create a supportive environment to promote nurses' occupational mental health.

Health Management and Research

Analysis of the current status and equity of human resource allocation in CDC in Huangshan City

TONG Qian, WANG Jun

2026, 42(3):  407-411. 

Asbtract ( 10 )   HTML ( 1)   PDF (1074KB) ( 1 )  

Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To explore the current situation and fairness of human resource allocation in center for disease control and prevention（CDC） in Huangshan City，and put forward relevant suggestions. Methods Using the statistical yearbook and field survey data of Huangshan City，and using the Gini coefficient，Lorenz curve，human resource concentration，and other indicators to conduct a evaluation of the human resource allocation of CDC in Huangshan City. Results There were 264 employees in 8 CDCs in Huangshan City，of which 47.35% were over 40 years old. The educational background was predominantly bachelor's degrees， and the professional title distribution was mainly at the intermediate level and below. The allocation of human resources was relatively equitable in terms of population distribution（Gini coefficient of 0.211 7），but there were significant disparities in terms of geographical area distribution（Gini coefficient of 0.479 5）. The analysis of human resource concentration indicated that the resource allocation was more concentrated in Tunxi District and Huizhou District，whereas Qimen County had a marked shortage of resource allocation. Conclusion The total number of human resources in CDC in Huangshan City is insufficient，and the structure of talent team trends toward aging and lower professional titles. To promote the balanced development of public health services，future efforts should focus on increasing the total number of health human resources，with particular attention to resource-poor areas. Additionally，a multi-pronged approach including policy support，technical means，economic incentives，and regional cooperation should be employed to narrow the gaps in human resource allocation among different regions.

Analysis of the review results of 35 healthy enterprises in Xinjiang from 2022 to 2023

LI Xuedan, HAN Yicheng, YANG Chengxin, YANG Dan, YANG Qian, HE Ping

2026, 42(3):  412-416. 

Asbtract ( 13 )   HTML ( 3)   PDF (732KB) ( 10 )  

Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To analyze the review data of Xinjiang Autonomous Region-level healthy enterprises，and provide data reference for future healthy enterprise creation efforts. Methods The review forms of 35 enterprises that participated in the Xinjiang Autonomous Region-level healthy enterprise review from 2022 to 2023 were collected and summarized. ANOVA was used to compare the differences in average scores among enterprises of different categories and scales，while the chi-square test was used to compare the differences in score rates among different assessment indicators. Results In 2022，a total of 22 autonomous region-level healthy enterprises were reviewed，with a pass rate of 63.64%（14/22）. In 2023，13 enterprises were reviewed，with a pass rate of 84.62%（11/13）. The differences in average review scores among enterprises of different scales were not statistically significant in both 2022 and 2023（F=0.901，0.827，both P>0.05）. The differences in average review scores among enterprises of different industries were statistically significant in 2022（F=3.494，P<0.05），but no statistically significant difference in 2023（F=0.246，P>0.05）. The differences in review scores among enterprises of different assessment categories were statistically significant in both 2022 and 2023（χ²=402.7，17.248，both P<0.05）. The specific single indicators with a high average loss rate in both 2022 and 2023 were effective implementation of vector-borne disease prevention and control（65.45%，26.15%），establishment of a medical room（72.73%，48.72%），establishment of a psychological counseling room（39.09%，56.92%），and development and implementation of an employee assistance program（38.86%，30.77%）. Conclusion From 2022 to 2023，the pass rate of review scores for healthy enterprises in Xinjiang increased from 63.64% to 84.62%，indicating an improvement in enterprises' performance in acceptance scoring and a significant increase in the overall pass rate. However，the attention of participating enterprises to healthy enterprise construction still needs to be strengthened. Key issues to be addressed in the creation of healthy enterprises include the implementation of vector-borne disease prevention and control，the establishment of medical rooms and psychological counseling rooms，the development and implementation of employee assistance programs，and the enforcement of the "Three Simultaneities" system for occupational disease prevention facilities.

Overview

Research progress on dietary behaviors among shift nurses

TAN Wenfeng, WAN Junhua

2026, 42(3):  417-422. 

Asbtract ( 17 )   HTML ( 7)   PDF (722KB) ( 6 )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Shift work is an indispensable work model in the modern medical system. While it ensures the 24-hour operation of medical institutions and provides continuous care for patients，it also disrupts the circadian rhythm，leading to untimely hunger，changes in appetite，and abnormal satiety among nurses. These physiological disruptions interacting with irregular dietary behaviors，significantly increase the risk of shift nurses developing diet-related chronic diseases such as obesity and metabolic syndrome. This study systematically reviews the definition and current situation of dietary behaviors among shift nurses，and the mechanism of how circadian rhythm disruption affects dietary behaviors. Meanwhile，it also explores the assessment tools for dietary behaviors as well as the influencing factors，and proposes corresponding coping strategies. It is expected to provide a scientific basis for improving the dietary behaviors of shift nurses and enhancing their health level and further promoting the overall health of nursing workers.

Research progress on job control of nurses

WANG Yangjing, XIONG Lijuan, WANG Yuhan, GUO Xueqin, LIU Shuoyi

2026, 42(3):  423-427. 

Asbtract ( 11 )   HTML ( 2)   PDF (788KB) ( 0 )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Job control refers to the ability to independently adjust tasks，resources and environment at work，emphasizing the degree of individual control over work content and process. As an important work resource for nurses，it is closely related to their work experience and career development. This article reviews the concept，measuring tools，current situation，influencing factors and effect results of nurses' job control. It is concluded that the level of nurses' job control is affected by multiple factors，including emotional intelligence，psychological empowerment，learned resourcefulness and other personal factors，and organizational social factors such as workplace violence and leadership style，as well as the work family conflict. The above factors affect nurses' organizational behavior，work experience and work-family balance. Therefore，this paper proposes three strategies：work content arrangement，leadership style change and training activity design，aiming to provide reference for strengthening nurses' job control，improving nurses' work experience and promoting the improvement of medical service quality.

Application progress of digital intelligence intervention in mental health for the elderly

QIU Yufei, YANG Fen, LIU Jiali, CHEN Xiaoshuo

2026, 42(3):  428-432. 

Asbtract ( 22 )   HTML ( 2)   PDF (928KB) ( 2 )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

The mental health issues of the elderly have become a major challenge for China’s public health sector. Digital-intelligence-based interventions have demonstrated unique advantages in enhancing the accessibility，personalization，and real-time delivery of mental health services for older adults，showcasing broad application prospects. Although research on this topic is increasing，the majority of studies are conducted abroad，with relatively limited attention from domestic scholars. Based on this，this paper reviews the forms and content of digital-intelligence interventions applied to mental health in elderly populations both domestically and internationally，analyzes existing challenges and proposes nursing strategies，aiming to provide a reference for improving the mental health practices for the elderly in China.