Evolutionary mutation analysis of hemagglutinin gene of influenza A（H3N2） virus in Tangshan City

Abstract

Abstract:

Objective To analyze the cluster spectrum and functional-associated mutation characters of the hemagglutinin（HA） gene of influenza A（H3N2） virus in Tangshan City from 2014 to 2024. Methods A total of 23 influenza A（H3N2） virus strains in Tangshan City were selected based on the sample collection time. Phylogenetic tree of HA gene was constructed with MEGA software，BioEdit software was used for alignments of amino acid sequences to find mutations on antigenic sites，receptor binding domains，and N-potential glycosylation sites. Homologous model for 2a.3a.1（J.3） sub branch strain monitored in 2024 and the vaccine strain A/Darwin/9/2021 of the same year were constructed to analyze the conformational variation at mutation sites. Results The distribution of influenza A（H3N2） virus strains in Tangshan City of Hebei Province from 2014 to 2024 was divided into 8 branches： 3C.3a，3C.3b，3C.2a1，3C.2a2，3C.2a1b.1a，1a.1，2a.3b，2a.3a.1（J）. Among them，the strains in subgroups 2a.3a.1（J.1），2a.3a.1（J.2） and 2a.3a.1（J.3） appeared from 2023 to 2024. Amino acid substitutions on the antigenic domains，receptor binding sites and potential glycosylation sites were observed. The homologous model analysis of 2a.3a.1（J.3） strain and A/Darwin/9/2021 strain of HA in the antigenic sites and receptor binding domains indicated that spatial conformation changed in amino acid 50，53，96，140，192 and 223. Conclusion The influenza A（H3N2） strain virus in Tangshan City of Hebei Province continues to mutate，and in the future，attention should be paid to the evolutionary variation trends of epidemic strains in subgroup 2a.3a.1（J）.

Key words: Influenza A（H3N2） virus, Hemagglutinin, Antigenic characteristics, Genetic evolution, Homologous modeling, Spatial conformation

CLC Number:

R373.13

YANG Qiuyue, SUN Shiping, TIAN Bingchao. Evolutionary mutation analysis of hemagglutinin gene of influenza A（H3N2） virus in Tangshan City. [J]OCCUPATION AND HEALTH, 2026, 42(7): 906-911.

Figures/Tables 3

References 30

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功能性位点	位置	唐山市甲型H3N2流感病毒毒株分支
功能性位点	位置	3C.3a （2014—2015年，n=4）		3C.3b （2014年，n=2）		3C.2a1 （2016年，n=9）		3C.2a2 （2016年，n=1）	3C.2a1b.1a （2020年，n=1）
抗原表位	A	A138S、R142G、K144N、N145S		R142G、K144N、N145S		K144S、N145S		T131K、R142K、K144S、N145S	T135K、A138S、R142G、K144S、N145S
	B	T128A、F159S、A198S		T128A、A198S		F159Y、K160T、A198S		F159Y、A198S	T128A、F159Y、K160T、G186D、D190N、F193S、A198P
	C	S45N、T48I、N278K、N312S		S45N、T48I、N278K、N312S		S45N、T48I、N278K、Q311H、N312S		S45N、T48I、N278K、Q311H、N312S	S45N、T48I、E50K、N278K、N312S
	D	F174I（2/4）、D175C（2/4）、T212A、S214I		F174I（1/2）、D175C（1/2）、T212A、S214I		N171K、T212A、S214I		T212A、S214I	N121K、N171K、T212A、S214I
	E	K62E		K62E		K62E		K62E、R261Q	K62G、K92R
受体结合域	220-loop	V223I、N225D		V223I		V223I、N225D		V223I、N225D	V223I、N225D
	190-helix	L183H		L183H		L183H		L183H	L183H
潜在糖基化位点		NSS45-47、NES122-124、NWA126-128、NGT133-135、NSS144-146		NSS45-47、NES122-124、NWA126-128、NGT133-135、NSS144-146		NSS45-47、NES122-124、NWT126-128、NGT133-135		NSS45-47、NES122-124、NWT126-128、NGT133-135	NSS45-47、NES122-124、NWA126-128、NGK133-135、NYT158-160
功能性位点	位置	唐山市甲型H3N2流感病毒毒株分支
功能性位点	位置	1a.1 （2022年，n=1）	2a.3b （2023年，n=1）		2a.3a.1（J.1）（2024年，n=1）		2a.3a.1（J.2）（2023年，n=1）			2a.3a.1（J.3）（2023—2024年，n=2）
抗原表位	A	T131K、R142G、K144S、N145S	T131K、I140M、R142G、K144S、N145S		T131K、I140K、R142G、K144S、N145S		N122D、T131K、I140K、R142G、K144S、N145S			T131K、I140K、R142G、K144S、N145S
	B	F159Y、K160T、G186S、F193S、A198P	H156S、F159N、K160I、L164Q、G186D、D190N、I192F、F193S、A198S		H156S、F159N、K160I、L164Q、G186D、D190N、I192F、F193S、A198S		H156S、F159N、K160I、L164Q、G186D、D190N、I192F、F193S、A198S			H156S、F159N、K160I、L164Q、G186D、D190N、I192F、F193S、A198S
	C	S45N、N278K、N312S	S45N、T48I、D53N、N278K、N312S		S45N、T48I、E50K、D53N、N278K、N312S		S45N、T48I、E50K、D53N、K276E、N278K、N312S			S45N、T48I、E50K、D53N、N278K、N312S
	D	N121K、T212A、S214I	N96S、N121K、N171K、T212A、S214I		N96S、N121K、N171K、T212A、S214I		N96S、N121K、N171K、T212A、S214I			N96S、N121K、N171K、T212A、S214I
	E	K62G、K83E、K92R、Y94N	K62G、K83E、K92R、Y94N		K62G、K83E、K92R、Y94N		K62G、K83E、K92R、Y94N			K62G、K83E、K92R、Y94N
受体结合域	220-loop	V223I、N225D	V223I、N225D		N225D		N225D			N225D
	190-helix	L183H、Y195F	L183H、Y195F		L183H、Y195F		L183H、Y195F			L183H、Y195F
潜在糖基化位点		NSS45-47、NES122-124、NWT126-128、NGT133-135、NYT158-160	NSS45-47、NSS94-96、NES122-124、NWT126-128、NGT133-135		NSS45-47、NSS94-96、NES122-124、NWT126-128、NGT133-135		NSS45-47、NSS94-96、DES122-124、NWT126-128、NGT133-135			NSS45-47、NSS94-96、NES122-124、NWT126-128、NGT133-135

功能性位点	位置	唐山市甲型H3N2流感病毒毒株分支
功能性位点	位置	3C.3a （2014—2015年，n=4）		3C.3b （2014年，n=2）		3C.2a1 （2016年，n=9）		3C.2a2 （2016年，n=1）	3C.2a1b.1a （2020年，n=1）
抗原表位	A	A138S、R142G、K144N、N145S		R142G、K144N、N145S		K144S、N145S		T131K、R142K、K144S、N145S	T135K、A138S、R142G、K144S、N145S
	B	T128A、F159S、A198S		T128A、A198S		F159Y、K160T、A198S		F159Y、A198S	T128A、F159Y、K160T、G186D、D190N、F193S、A198P
	C	S45N、T48I、N278K、N312S		S45N、T48I、N278K、N312S		S45N、T48I、N278K、Q311H、N312S		S45N、T48I、N278K、Q311H、N312S	S45N、T48I、E50K、N278K、N312S
	D	F174I（2/4）、D175C（2/4）、T212A、S214I		F174I（1/2）、D175C（1/2）、T212A、S214I		N171K、T212A、S214I		T212A、S214I	N121K、N171K、T212A、S214I
	E	K62E		K62E		K62E		K62E、R261Q	K62G、K92R
受体结合域	220-loop	V223I、N225D		V223I		V223I、N225D		V223I、N225D	V223I、N225D
	190-helix	L183H		L183H		L183H		L183H	L183H
潜在糖基化位点		NSS45-47、NES122-124、NWA126-128、NGT133-135、NSS144-146		NSS45-47、NES122-124、NWA126-128、NGT133-135、NSS144-146		NSS45-47、NES122-124、NWT126-128、NGT133-135		NSS45-47、NES122-124、NWT126-128、NGT133-135	NSS45-47、NES122-124、NWA126-128、NGK133-135、NYT158-160
功能性位点	位置	唐山市甲型H3N2流感病毒毒株分支
功能性位点	位置	1a.1 （2022年，n=1）	2a.3b （2023年，n=1）		2a.3a.1（J.1）（2024年，n=1）		2a.3a.1（J.2）（2023年，n=1）			2a.3a.1（J.3）（2023—2024年，n=2）
抗原表位	A	T131K、R142G、K144S、N145S	T131K、I140M、R142G、K144S、N145S		T131K、I140K、R142G、K144S、N145S		N122D、T131K、I140K、R142G、K144S、N145S			T131K、I140K、R142G、K144S、N145S
	B	F159Y、K160T、G186S、F193S、A198P	H156S、F159N、K160I、L164Q、G186D、D190N、I192F、F193S、A198S		H156S、F159N、K160I、L164Q、G186D、D190N、I192F、F193S、A198S		H156S、F159N、K160I、L164Q、G186D、D190N、I192F、F193S、A198S			H156S、F159N、K160I、L164Q、G186D、D190N、I192F、F193S、A198S
	C	S45N、N278K、N312S	S45N、T48I、D53N、N278K、N312S		S45N、T48I、E50K、D53N、N278K、N312S		S45N、T48I、E50K、D53N、K276E、N278K、N312S			S45N、T48I、E50K、D53N、N278K、N312S
	D	N121K、T212A、S214I	N96S、N121K、N171K、T212A、S214I		N96S、N121K、N171K、T212A、S214I		N96S、N121K、N171K、T212A、S214I			N96S、N121K、N171K、T212A、S214I
	E	K62G、K83E、K92R、Y94N	K62G、K83E、K92R、Y94N		K62G、K83E、K92R、Y94N		K62G、K83E、K92R、Y94N			K62G、K83E、K92R、Y94N
受体结合域	220-loop	V223I、N225D	V223I、N225D		N225D		N225D			N225D
	190-helix	L183H、Y195F	L183H、Y195F		L183H、Y195F		L183H、Y195F			L183H、Y195F
潜在糖基化位点		NSS45-47、NES122-124、NWT126-128、NGT133-135、NYT158-160	NSS45-47、NSS94-96、NES122-124、NWT126-128、NGT133-135		NSS45-47、NSS94-96、NES122-124、NWT126-128、NGT133-135		NSS45-47、NSS94-96、DES122-124、NWT126-128、NGT133-135			NSS45-47、NSS94-96、NES122-124、NWT126-128、NGT133-135