Abstract:

Objective To develop a bloodborne occupational exposure risk scale for operating room nurses based on the hazard analysis and critical control point（HACCP） theory and test its reliability and validity. Methods Based on the HACCP theory，the item pool of the scale was initially formulated through literature review and semi-structured interviews. The initial scale was developed via Delphi expert consultation，analytic hierarchy process，and pre-survey. From January to December 2024，operating room nurses from two grade-A tertiary general hospitals in Jiangsu Province were selected using convenience sampling for item analysis and reliability-validity testing. Results The scale comprised 31 items across 5 dimensions：hazard identification and risk perception，risk exposure possibility，severity of risk consequences，critical control point execution ability，and environmental and management support. Through three rounds of exploratory factor analysis，5 common factors were extracted，with a cumulative variance contribution rate of 64.829%. The overall item-level content validity index（I-CVI） ranged from 0.854 to 1.000，the single-item scale-level CVI/universal agreement（S-CVI/UA） was 0.875，and the scale-content validity index/average（S-CVI/Ave） was 0.976. The scale showed a Cronbach's α coefficient of 0.872 and a test-retest reliability of 0.895. Conclusion The bloodborne occupational exposure risk scale for operating room nurses demonstrates good reliability and validity，enabling objective evaluation of their risk levels. It has certain reference and guidance significance for occupational protection training，assessment，and process optimization of operating room nurses.

Key words: Hazard analysis and critical control point theory, Operating room, Nurse, Bloodborne occupational exposure risk, Reliability, Validity