Epidemiological and seasonal characteristics analysis of hand，foot，and mouth disease in Huai'an City from 2017 to 2023

Abstract

Abstract:

Objective To analyze the epidemiological and seasonal characteristics of hand，foot，and mouth disease（HFMD） in Huai'an City，providing a basis for the prevention and control of the disease. Methods Data on clinically diagnosed and laboratory-confirmed cases of HFMD reported in the Chinese Disease Prevention and Control Information System from 2017 to 2023，with the current address registered as Huai'an City，were collected.The seasonal characteristics were analyzed using concentration degree and circular distribution methods（for periodic decomposition）. Results From 2017 to 2023，a total of 34 049 cases of HFMD were reported in Huai'an City.Single-peak epidemics occurred in 2020 and 2021，while double-peak epidemics were observed in the other years.The regional distribution of average incidence rates showed statistically significant difference（χ²=9 070.208，P<0.05）.The male-to-female ratio of cases was 1.41∶1，and the difference in incidence rates between genders was statistically significant（χ²=1 042.637，P<0.05）. A total of 19 409 cases were reported among children aged 0-<3 years，accounting for 57.00% of the total number of cases.Coxsackievirus A6（CVA6） was the predominant pathogen type in the etiological composition of HFMD in Huai'an City from 2017 to 2023.The concentration degree for each year ranged from 0.30 to 0.82.According to the circular distribution method（periodic decomposition），the peak incidence dates in summer and autumn from 2017 to 2019 were June 1，2017，June 2，2018，and June 4，2019，respectively，and the epidemic peak periods were April 24-July 10，2017，April 23-July 12，2018，and May 1-July 9，2019，respectively. The winter-spring peak days of incidence from 2017 to 2019 were November 14，2017，December 15，2018，and November 15，2019，respectively，and the epidemic peak periods were October 1-December 22，2017，November 2，2018-January 27，2019，and October 14-December 19，2019. The peak days of incidence from 2020 to 2023 were November 20，2020，May 28，2021，September 2，2022 and July 21，2023，respectively，and the epidemic peak periods were October 15-December 26，2020，March 22-August 5，2021，June 3-November 30，2022，and June 13-September 2，2023. Conclusion From 2017 to 2023，HFMD in Huai'an City exhibited distinct seasonal patterns，with the summer-autumn period being the primary epidemic season. Children aged 0-<3 years old were the main affected population.Differences were observed in gender and regional distribution，but no spatial correlation was detected.CVA16 and CVA6 were the dominant types，with CVA6 having the highest etiological composition ratio.The circular distribution method effectively calculated epidemic peak periods and incidence peak days close to actual observations.Strengthened monitoring of HFMD following the emergence of new infectious diseases is essential to identify novel epidemic characteristics and implement scientific prevention and control measures before peak periods，thereby effectively reducing incidence rates.

Key words: Hand, foot, and mouth disease, Epidemiology, Seasonality, Circular distribution, Periodic decomposition, Concentration, Spatial autocorrelation

CLC Number:

R181.8⁺1

ZHANG Wenyi, GAO Qiang, ZHANG Zheng, CAI Ben, SONG Tuanzheng. Epidemiological and seasonal characteristics analysis of hand，foot，and mouth disease in Huai'an City from 2017 to 2023. [J]OCCUPATION AND HEALTH, 2026, 42(20): 2805-2810.

Figures/Tables 8

References 19

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日期（年）	报告发病数（例）	报告发病率（1/10万）	男性粗发病率（1/10万）	女性粗发病率（1/10万）
2017	4 003	81.84	95.68	68.23
2018	9 617	195.69	233.74	158.16
2019	6 320	128.37	149.07	107.82
2020	2 126	43.10	50.76	35.50
2021	2 864	62.86	72.85	52.86
2022	2 834	62.14	71.95	52.34
2023	6 285	138.04	163.38	112.80
合计	34 049	104.69	120.08	84.35

日期（年）	报告发病数（例）	报告发病率（1/10万）	男性粗发病率（1/10万）	女性粗发病率（1/10万）
2017	4 003	81.84	95.68	68.23
2018	9 617	195.69	233.74	158.16
2019	6 320	128.37	149.07	107.82
2020	2 126	43.10	50.76	35.50
2021	2 864	62.86	72.85	52.86
2022	2 834	62.14	71.95	52.34
2023	6 285	138.04	163.38	112.80
合计	34 049	104.69	120.08	84.35

日期（月）	2017 年	2018 年	2019 年	2020 年	2021 年	2022 年	2023 年	小计
1	241	96	413	97	224	64	7	1 142
2	102	25	105	3	53	48	9	345
3	156	98	158	5	61	83	13	574
4	413	730	483	5	265	91	20	2 007
5	761	2 824	1 460	8	774	182	101	6 110
6	790	2 245	1 772	9	782	432	1 130	7 160
7	412	1 144	735	9	293	458	3 094	6 145
8	172	748	219	26	52	156	910	2 283
9	103	554	242	176	52	221	364	1 712
10	282	257	280	346	116	393	352	2 026
11	306	297	256	677	105	540	184	2 365
12	265	599	197	765	87	166	101	2 180
合计	4 003	9 617	6 320	2 126	2 864	2 834	6 285	34 049
R₁	0.06	0.01	0.07	0.05	0.08	0.02	0.00	0.03
R₂	0.03	0.00	0.02	0.00	0.02	0.02	0.00	0.01
R₃	0.04	0.01	0.03	0.00	0.02	0.03	0.00	0.02
R₄	0.10	0.08	0.08	0.00	0.09	0.03	0.00	0.06
R₅	0.19	0.29	0.23	0.00	0.27	0.06	0.02	0.18
R₆	0.20	0.23	0.28	0.00	0.27	0.15	0.18	0.21
R₇	0.10	0.12	0.12	0.00	0.10	0.16	0.49	0.18
R₈	0.04	0.08	0.03	0.01	0.02	0.06	0.14	0.07
R₉	0.03	0.06	0.04	0.08	0.02	0.08	0.06	0.05
R₁₀	0.07	0.03	0.04	0.16	0.04	0.14	0.06	0.06
R₁₁	0.08	0.03	0.04	0.32	0.04	0.19	0.03	0.07
R₁₂	0.07	0.06	0.03	0.36	0.03	0.06	0.02	0.06
R_x	0.20	0.28	0.30	-0.69	0.38	-0.23	-0.10	0.11
R_y	-0.22	-0.48	-0.38	0.46	-0.35	-0.21	-0.78	-0.39
M	0.30	0.56	0.49	0.82	0.51	0.31	0.79	0.41

日期（月）	2017 年	2018 年	2019 年	2020 年	2021 年	2022 年	2023 年	小计
1	241	96	413	97	224	64	7	1 142
2	102	25	105	3	53	48	9	345
3	156	98	158	5	61	83	13	574
4	413	730	483	5	265	91	20	2 007
5	761	2 824	1 460	8	774	182	101	6 110
6	790	2 245	1 772	9	782	432	1 130	7 160
7	412	1 144	735	9	293	458	3 094	6 145
8	172	748	219	26	52	156	910	2 283
9	103	554	242	176	52	221	364	1 712
10	282	257	280	346	116	393	352	2 026
11	306	297	256	677	105	540	184	2 365
12	265	599	197	765	87	166	101	2 180
合计	4 003	9 617	6 320	2 126	2 864	2 834	6 285	34 049
R₁	0.06	0.01	0.07	0.05	0.08	0.02	0.00	0.03
R₂	0.03	0.00	0.02	0.00	0.02	0.02	0.00	0.01
R₃	0.04	0.01	0.03	0.00	0.02	0.03	0.00	0.02
R₄	0.10	0.08	0.08	0.00	0.09	0.03	0.00	0.06
R₅	0.19	0.29	0.23	0.00	0.27	0.06	0.02	0.18
R₆	0.20	0.23	0.28	0.00	0.27	0.15	0.18	0.21
R₇	0.10	0.12	0.12	0.00	0.10	0.16	0.49	0.18
R₈	0.04	0.08	0.03	0.01	0.02	0.06	0.14	0.07
R₉	0.03	0.06	0.04	0.08	0.02	0.08	0.06	0.05
R₁₀	0.07	0.03	0.04	0.16	0.04	0.14	0.06	0.06
R₁₁	0.08	0.03	0.04	0.32	0.04	0.19	0.03	0.07
R₁₂	0.07	0.06	0.03	0.36	0.03	0.06	0.02	0.06
R_x	0.20	0.28	0.30	-0.69	0.38	-0.23	-0.10	0.11
R_y	-0.22	-0.48	-0.38	0.46	-0.35	-0.21	-0.78	-0.39
M	0.30	0.56	0.49	0.82	0.51	0.31	0.79	0.41

日期（年）	月份	月中值（d）	月中位角s（°）	sin α	cos α
2017—2019	4	15.00	29.51	0.49	0.87
	5	45.50	89.51	1.00	0.01
	6	76.00	149.51	0.51	-0.86
	7	106.50	209.51	-0.49	-0.87
	8	137.50	270.49	-1.00	0.01
	9	168.00	330.49	-0.49	0.87
	10	15.50	30.66	0.51	0.86
	11	46.00	90.99	1.00	-0.02
	12	76.50	151.32	0.48	-0.88
	1	107.50	212.64	-0.54	-0.84
	2	137.00	270.99	-1.00	0.02
	3	166.50	329.34	-0.51	0.86
2020—2023	1	15.50	15.29	0.26	0.96
	2	45.00	44.38	0.70	0.71
	3	74.50	73.48	0.96	0.28
	4	105.00	103.56	0.97	-0.23
	5	135.50	133.64	0.72	-0.69
	6	166.00	163.73	0.28	-0.96
	7	196.50	193.81	-0.24	-0.97
	8	227.50	224.38	-0.70	-0.71
	9	258.50	254.47	-0.96	-0.27
	10	288.50	284.55	-0.97	0.25
	11	319.00	314.63	-0.71	0.70
	12	349.50	344.71	-0.26	0.96