Current status and health risk assessment of formaldehyde pollution in public places in Sichuan Province from 2021 to 2024

Abstract

Abstract:

Objective To assess the level of formaldehyde pollution in public places in Sichuan Province and its potential health risks to practitioners，and to provide scientific basis and data support for relevant authorities to strengthen the indoor air quality management of public places. Methods From 2021 to 2024，formaldehyde monitoring was carried out in randomly selected four types of public places，including gyms，hotels/hotels，barbershops and beauty shops in Chengdu City，Deyang City，Mianyang City and Ya'an City，Sichuan Province，to analyze the current indoor air pollution of formaldehyde in public places and conduct health risk assessment for their employees. Results From 2021 to 2024，a total of 2 520 samples of formaldehyde were detected in public places in Sichuan Province，the detection rate was 72.54%，and the standard rate was 96.11%. The median concentrations of formaldehyde detected in gyms，hotels，barbershops，and beauty salons were 0.020，0.020，0.020，and 0.021 mg/m³，respectively. The pollution level and health risk of formaldehyde in 2024 were the highest in different years，with a median concentration of 0.028 mg/m³，non-carcinogenic risk hazard quotient（HQ） value of 0.879，and carcinogenic risk（CR） value of 4.817×10^-5. The pollution level and health risk of beauty shops in different places were the highest，with the median detection concentration of 0.021 mg/m³，HQ value of 0.660，and CR value of 3.612×10^-5. The pollution level and health risk were the highest in summer during different periods，and the median concentration was 0.023 mg/m³，HQ value was 0.722，and CR value was 3.956×10^-5. The cumulative probability distribution of health risks showed that 30.38% of non-carcinogenic risks had HQ values greater than 1，and there were extreme HQ values. 72.12% of the CR value was greater than 10^-6，68.55% of the CR value was greater than 10^-5，while 11.99% of the CR value was greater than 10^-4. Conclusion From 2021 to 2024，the formaldehyde compliance rate in public places in Sichuan Province was relatively high，and the overall risk level was low. However，the non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks caused by formaldehyde in some public places are at a high level，which poses certain health risks to employees and should be given special attention.

Key words: Public places, Indoor air, Formaldehyde, Carcinogenic risk, Non-carcinogenic risk, Health risk assessment

CLC Number:

R126.4

ZHANG Dongsheng, XIE Hongwei, PENG Xiaojuan, KUANG Dan, DONG Hong, SHI Chunli. Current status and health risk assessment of formaldehyde pollution in public places in Sichuan Province from 2021 to 2024. [J]OCCUPATION AND HEALTH, 2026, 42(20): 2864-2867.

Figures/Tables 6

References 22

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场所	监测数（份）	检出率（%）	达标率（%）	浓度范围（mg/m³）	P₂₅ （mg/m³）	M （mg/m³）	P₇₅ （mg/m³）
健身房	229	82.53	98.69	ND~0.600	0.010	0.020	0.031
宾馆/酒店	1 691	72.56	96.27	ND~0.401	ND	0.020	0.040
理发店	359	69.36	94.71	ND~0.410	ND	0.020	0.041
美容店	241	67.63	94.61	ND~0.600	ND	0.021	0.039
合计	2 520	72.54	96.11	ND~0.600	ND	0.020	0.040

场所	监测数（份）	检出率（%）	达标率（%）	浓度范围（mg/m³）	P₂₅ （mg/m³）	M （mg/m³）	P₇₅ （mg/m³）
健身房	229	82.53	98.69	ND~0.600	0.010	0.020	0.031
宾馆/酒店	1 691	72.56	96.27	ND~0.401	ND	0.020	0.040
理发店	359	69.36	94.71	ND~0.410	ND	0.020	0.041
美容店	241	67.63	94.61	ND~0.600	ND	0.021	0.039
合计	2 520	72.54	96.11	ND~0.600	ND	0.020	0.040

日期（年）	监测数（份）	检出率（%）	M（mg/m³）	HQ	CR
2021	663	63.80	0.008	0.251	1.376×10^-5
2022	523	66.92	0.018	0.565	3.096×10^-5
2023	642	72.59	0.023	0.722	3.956×10^-5
2024	692	85.12	0.028	0.879	4.817×10^-5

日期（年）	监测数（份）	检出率（%）	M（mg/m³）	HQ	CR
2021	663	63.80	0.008	0.251	1.376×10^-5
2022	523	66.92	0.018	0.565	3.096×10^-5
2023	642	72.59	0.023	0.722	3.956×10^-5
2024	692	85.12	0.028	0.879	4.817×10^-5

场所	监测数（份）	检出率（%）	M（mg/m³）	HQ	CR
健身房	229	82.53	0.020	0.628	3.440×10^-5
宾馆/酒店	1 691	72.56	0.020	0.628	3.440×10^-5
理发店	359	69.36	0.020	0.628	3.440×10^-5
美容店	241	67.63	0.021	0.660	3.612×10^-5