Abstract: Objective To analyze the equity of health resource allocation in provincial capital cities in China,and to provide scientific basis for promoting the development of health resources in provincial capital cities. Methods Descriptive analysis was used to compare the average level of health resource allocation in China's provincial capital cities and four major regions in 2021,and the Gini coefficient,the Theil index,and the agglomeration degree were used to analyze the equity of health resource allocation in China's provincial capital cities. Results The number of beds,health technicians,practicing（assistant） physicians,and registered nurses per 1 000 population in the capital cities of China were 7.34,10.06,3.77,and 4.68,respectively,which was much higher than the average level of China's health resource allocation. The Gini coefficient by population was below 0.1,and the Gini coefficient by geography was between 0.4 and 0.5. The Theil index by population ranged from 0.002 3 to 0.004 6,the Theil index by geographic ranged from 0.178 5 to 0.208 2,and the Theil index by economic ranged from 0.020 2 to 0.030 3. The inequity by geographic mainly came from inter-region,and the inequity by economic mainly came from intra-region. The Northeast and West regions had health resource agglomeration degree（HRAD） less than 1,and the East and Central regions had HRAD greater than 1. Health technicians,practicing（assistant） physicians,and registered nurses in the Northeast region,the number of beds in the Eastern region,health technicians and practicing（assistant） physicians in the Central region,and the number of beds and practicing（assistant） physicians in the Western region,with HRAD/population agglomeration degree（PAD）<1. Conclusion There is greater variability in health resource allocation in the provincial capital cities of China. Equity by geographic allocation of health resources in China's provincial capital cities is poor. There are different degrees of insufficiency in the allocation of health resources in the capital cities of the four major regions of China.

Key words: Health resource allocation, Fairness analysis, Provincial capital cities