Table of Content

01 January 2025, Volume 41 Issue 1

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Treatise

Impact of electronic communication instant response stress and psychological capital on occupational burnout among dental nurses

XU Xianxing, CHEN Jinfang, WANG Li, SUN Xiumei, DENG Ying

2025, 41(1):  1-5. 

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Objective To understand the impact of electronic communication instant response stress and psychological capital on occupational burnout among dental nurses,provide reference for reducing occupational burnout in nurses. Methods From November to December 2023,a survey was conducted on 188 nurses in the dental department of six comprehensive hospitals in Wuhan City by general situation scale,electronic communication instant response stress scale,psychological capital scale and occupational burnout scale,and the data were analyzed. Results The scores of electronic communication instant response stress,psychological capital and occupational burnout among dental nurses were （33.46±5.16）,（93.28±18.46） and（60.32±13.36）points,respectively. There were statistically significant differences in the scores of electronic communication instant response stress among dental nurses with different age,years of work experience,professional title,marital status and monthly income（all P<0.05）. There were statistically significant differences in the scores of psychological capital among dental nurses with different age,years of work experience,professional title and monthly income（all P<0.05）. There were statistically significant differences in the scores of occupational burnout among dental nurses with different age,years of work experience,professional title,marital status and monthly income（all P<0.05）. The occupational burnout of dental nurses was correlated with electronic communication instant response stress and psychological capital（r=0.598,-0.645,both P<0.01）,and the electronic communication instant response stress was negatively correlated with psychological capital（r=-0.639,P<0.01）. The psychological capital partially mediated the relationship between electronic communication instant response stress and occupational burnout（with a mediation effect of 0.224,accounting for 40.87% of the total effect）. Conclusion Both electronic communication instant response stress and psychological capital of nurses in the dental department of six comprehensive hospitals in Wuhan City can directly affect their level of occupational burnout,and their psychological capital partially mediates the impact of electronic communication instant response stress on occupational burnout.

Influencing factors of job burnout among transferred training general practitioners in township hospitals in Xinjiang

CHEN Hong, Shama Mulati, XU Peilan, HE Jingwen, ZHANG Xiaohui, BIE Yueqing

2025, 41(1):  6-10. 

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Objective To analyze the influencing factors of job burnout among transferred training general practitioners（GPs） in township hospitals in Xinjiang. Methods In June to July 2023,an online questionnaire survey was conducted on 482 transferred training GPs from township hospitals in Xinjiang through simple random sampling. The χ² test was used to explore the basic situation of transferred training GPs and the influencing factors of job burnout,and the t-test,F-analysis and linear regression were used to explore the comprehensive score of job burnout among transferred training GPs with different basic situations. Results The majority of the survey subjects were female（67.63%）,and the age of the survey subjects were mainly transferring training GPs aged 31-<41 years old. The comprehensive score of job burnout was （1.97±0.98）points. Emotional exhaustion score was （1.72±1.12）points,dehumanisation score was （1.22±1.21）points,and decreased sense of achievement score was （3.05±1.67）points. The factors affecting burnout were age,stress condition,career development opportunities,satisfaction with work environment,satisfaction with work hours,and satisfaction with work atmosphere（all P<0.05）. Linear regression analysis found that stress condition,satisfaction with work environment,and satisfaction with work hours were all factors that affected the comprehensive score of job burnout（all P<0.05）. Conclusion The factors that cause job burnout among transferring training GPs are complex. It is recommended that managers take the perspective of transferring training GPs and develop corresponding improvement measures from multiple aspects to reduce job burnout among transferred training GPs.

Chain mediating role of emotion regulation and empathy ability in mindfulness and job burnout of emergency department medical staff in grade-A tertiary hospitals

LI Guiju, ZHANG Lingling, WANG Ying

2025, 41(1):  11-17. 

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Objective To investigate the multiple effects of emotional regulation and empathy ability on the impact mechanism of mindfulness on job burnout among medical staff in emergency department. Methods From May to July 2023,a cluster sampling method was used to randomly select 249 emergency department medical staff from 4 grade-A tertiary hospitals in Mianyang City as the survey subjects. Mindfulness scale,emotion regulation scale,empathy ability scale and job burnout scale were used for data collection,and the data were analyzed. Results The scores of mindfulness,emotion regulation,empathy ability and job burnout of 249 emergency department medical staff in grade-A tertiary hospitals were （55.79±9.47）,（45.52±8.75）,（95.98±21.04） and （64.41±16.22）points,respectively. Job burnout of medical staff was negatively correlated with mindfulness,emotion regulation and empathy ability（r<0,all P<0.05）. There was a mediating effect of emotional regulation and empathy ability between mindfulness and job burnout among emergency department medical staff,with a total indirect effect value of 0.370,accounting for 43.43% of the total effect. The specific mediating effects of emotional regulation and empathy ability on job burnout account for 20.77% and 15.02%,respectively,with a chain mediated effect of 7.63%. Conclusion The overall level of job burnout among emergency department medical staff in grade-A tertiary hospitals is relatively high,and the mediating role of emotional regulation and empathy ability in the relationship between mindfulness and job burnout among emergency department medical staff is established. Nursing managers should pay attention to the level of job burnout of medical staff in special departments and its influencing mechanism,and focus on improving their emotional regulation ability to further improve nurses' job burnout.

Analysis of the relationship between work engagement,decent work perception and job burnout among clinical nurses

MA Weilan, LI Sui, CHEN Yaqian, LI Xin, XUE Bowen, FENG Yaping

2025, 41(1):  18-23. 

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Objective Based on the theory of resource conservation,this study aims to analyze the relationship between work engagement,decent work perception and job burnout among clinical nurses. Methods From July to August 2023,a convenience sampling method was used to select 460 nurses from three grade-A tertiary hospitals in Hangzhou as the research subjects. The general information questionnaire,the decent work perception scale（DWPS）,the Utrecht work engagement scale（UWES） and the Maslach burnout inventory-general survey（MBI-GS） were used to investigate the nurses. SPSS 25.0 was used to analyze the correlation between nurses' work engagement,decent work perception and job burnout. The mediation model was constructed based on the resource protection theory,and mediation effect tests were conducted. Results The total score of decent work perception among clinical nurses was （53.42±10.63）points,the total score of work engagement was （51.17±16.27）points,and the total score of job burnout was （33.76±13.75）points. Clinical nurses' perception of decent work was negatively correlated with job burnout（r=-0.578, P<0.01）,while decent work perception was positively correlated with work engagement（r=0.590,P<0.01）,and work engagement was negatively correlated with job burnout（r=-0.660,P<0.01）. Work engagement played a partial mediating role in decent work perception and job burnout,with a mediating effect value of -0.374 and an effect proportion of 50%. Conclusion Clinical nurses' decent work perception and work engagement were at the upper middle level,and job burnout was at a moderate level. Decent work perception can indirectly affect job burnout through work engagement. It is recommended that nursing managers take proactive measures to enhance nurses' decent work perception and job engagement,improve their job satisfaction,and thereby reduce their level of job burnout.

Impact of electronic communication and psychological detachment during non-working hours on occupational burnout among rehabilitation nurses

LI Fengjun, YONG Biwen, YONG Shougeng, SONG Yan

2025, 41(1):  24-28. 

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Objective To understand the occupational burnout status of nurses in the rehabilitation department and analyze the impact of electronic communication and psychological disengagement on occupational burnout during non-working hours. Methods From September to October 2023,a convenience sampling method was used to select 172 nurses from rehabilitation departments in 6 grade-A tertiary hospitals in Xi'an as research subjects,the non-working time electronic communication scale,psychological disengagement scale and occupational burnout scale were used for the survey,and data were analyzed. Results The non-working time electronic communication score of rehabilitation department nurses was （47.62±8.85）points,the psychological disengagement score was （8.52±2.43）points,and the occupational burnout score was （62.53±12.47）points. The occupational burnout of rehabilitation department nurses was positively correlated with non-working time electronic communication（r=0.593,P<0.01）,and negatively correlated with psychological detachment（r=-0.584,P<0.01）. The non-working time electronic communication was negatively correlated with psychological detachment（r=-0.652,P<0.01）. Non-working time electronic communication and psychological detachment could jointly explain 36.4% of the variation in occupational burnout among rehabilitation department nurses. Conclusion The occupational burnout of rehabilitation department nurses is at a moderate level,non-working time electronic communication and psychological detachment have a significant impact on occupational burnout. Reducing non-working time electronic communication and psychological detachment can help reduce their occupational burnout level.

Mediating role of work family conflict and work control in the relationship between work stress and job burnout among anesthesiologists in grade-A tertiary hospitals

LI Juan

2025, 41(1):  29-35. 

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Objective To investigate the current situation of work stress,work-family conflict,work control and job burnout of anesthesiologists in grade-A tertiary hospitals in Sichuan Province,and to analyze the influence mechanism of work stress on job burnout. Methods From February to March 2023,a convenience sampling method was used to select 276 anesthesiologists from 5 grade-A tertiary hospitals in Sichuan Province as the survey subjects. The general information questionnaire,work-family conflict scale,work control sense scale,work stress scale and job burnout scale were used for data collection. Construct and test the chain mediation model of work family conflict and the sense of work control. Results The work stress score of 276 anesthesiologists in grade-A tertiary hospitals was （28.07±7.61）points,the work-family conflict score was （26.55±6.71）points,the work control score was （49.16±11.45）points,and the job burnout score was （54.50±18.64）points. The total score of job burnout and the scores of each dimension were positively correlated with work stress and work-family conflict（r>0,P<0.05）,and negatively correlated with work control（r<0,P<0.05）. There was a mediating effect between work-family conflict and work control on the relationship between work stress and occupational burnout among anesthesiologists,with a total indirect effect value of 0.264,accounting for 37.39% of the total effect. The specific mediating effects of work-family conflict and work control on job burnout accounted for 16.57% and 13.88%,respectively,and the chain mediating effect of the two accounted for 6.94%. Conclusion The job burnout of anesthesiologists in grade-A tertiary hospitals in Sichuan Province is at a medium level,and the multiple mediating effects of work-family conflict and work control on the impact mechanism of work stress on job burnout of anesthesiologists are established. Hospital managers should pay attention to anesthesiologists with high levels of job burnout,reduce their work pressure and work-family conflict,and enhance their sense of job control,and further improve the job burnout of anesthesiologists.

Study on chronic toxicity and carcinogenicity of carbofuran in rats

HU Yue, LI Guoliang, LU Fengrong, LIU Lili

2025, 41(1):  36-41. 

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Objective To investigate the chronic toxicity and carcinogenicity of carbofuran in SD rats,analyze its mechanism of action and potential hazards. Methods Totally 240 SPF-grade SD rats were randomly divided into a control（standard diet） group and low,medium and high dose group according to body mass. The female animals were exposed to doses of 0.19,0.76,and 3.18 mg/（kg·d）,respectively,and the male animals were exposed to doses of 0.04,0.15,and 0.64 mg/（kg·d）,respectively. There were 120 rats in each group,with half male and half female. A combined chronic toxicity and carcinogenesis experiment was conducted on rats using a feeding method for 104 weeks. The body mass of the rats was weighed,blood routine,blood biochemistry and histopathology were performed,and the tumor incidence and animal mortality rates were calculated. Results Compared with the control group,the mortality rate of animals in the medium and high dose groups increased,and there was a decrease in body mass from week 3 to week 85. The average platelet volume and average platelet distribution width increased,and the differences were statistically significant（all P<0.05）. Compared with the control group,there was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of tumors and multiple tumors among the different doses of carbofuran in rats（all P>0.05）. Conclusion Under the conditions of the present study's dosing dose,no obvious toxic effects on target organs and carcinogenicity were found.

Determination of total Hg content in 8 medicinal and edible Chinese medicinal materials including dendrobium officinale by hydrogen peroxide assisted microwave digestion sequential injection cold atomic fluorescence spectrometry

WEI Lili, QIN Yuemei, SHI Lili

2025, 41(1):  42-45. 

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Objective To develop a method of hydrogen peroxide microwave digestion and sequential injection cold-atomic fluorescence spectrometry for the determination of Hg content in 8 medicinal and edible Chinese medicinal herbs including dendrobium officinale. Methods The Chinese medicinal materials samples were digested by microwave digester using nitric acid-hydrogen peroxide system,and the digestion system,microwave program,mercury lamp preheating,carrier gas and shielding gas flow,carrier current and potassium borohydride concentration were studied. Results Under the conditions proposed,the linear range was 0-1.0 μg/L,the linear regression equation was Y=1 586.13X-21.93,the correlation coefficient（r） was 0.999 8,the detection limit of Hg was 0.011 μg/L,the relative deviation was 1.34% and the recovery was 92.4%-102.4%. Conclusion The method is simple,and has good accuracy and hight sensitivity. It can be easily used for the determination of Hg in Chinese medicinal materials.

Analysis on epidemiological characteristics of foodborne disease related to aquatic animals and their products in Wuhan City from 2018 to 2023

SUN Jingchai, WU Yating, MA Hongfei, WANG Xiao, SHI Mengdie

2025, 41(1):  46-49. 

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Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of foodborne disease related to aquatic animals and their products in Wuhan City from 2018 to 2023,and provide data support for the development of food safety risk monitoring and prevention control plans for freshwater product. Methods Select foodborne disease cases reported from the Wuhan Foodborne Disease Surveillance System,and select "aquatic animals and their products" for "food classification". Retrieve eligible research subjects for epidemiological feature analysis. Results A total of 1 456 cases of foodborne disease related to aquatic animals and their products were reported in Wuhan from 2018 to 2023,with a reporting rate of 6.35%. The number of female cases was significantly higher than that of male cases（χ²=23.939,P<0.05）. The peak of cases was mainly concentrated from May to October,with the highest peak in August. There was a statistically significant difference in the number of reported cases between different months（χ²=61.988,P<0.05）. There was a statistically significant difference in reported incidence rate among different regions（χ²=237.631,P<0.05）,the number of reported foodborne diseases in the central urban area was significantly higher than that in the remote urban area. The difference of the number of cases among different age groups was statistically significant（χ²=331.161,P<0.05）,of which 65.59% were between 14 and 45 years old. The difference of the number of cases among different occupation population was statistically significant（χ²=386.177,P<0.05）,and the proportion of people engaged in housework and unemployment, students,cadres and staff,retirees,and business services was relatively high. The clinical diagnosis was mainly infectious diarrhea and acute gastroenteritis,accounting for 85.72%. The main eating places were catering service industry（42.87%）,retail/farmer's markets（22.53%）,and households（11.06%）. Most cases were caused by 2-10 people eating together（66.94%）. Conclusion There are obvious seasonal,regional,and population characteristics in foodborne cases related to aquatic animals and their products. This suggests that relevant departments should further strengthen the supervision of various links in the circulation of aquatic animals and their products,and also strengthen relevant health education.

Analysis on current situation and influencing factors of work pressure among primary doctors in Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps

LUO Fubing, LIU Haitao, YUAN Chunmei, DUAN Yali, MA Chunyan, LI Xinhui

2025, 41(1):  50-55. 

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Objective To understand the current situation of work pressure of primary care doctors in Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps,analyze its influencing factors,and provide suggestions for management decision-making and reducing work pressure of primary medical and health institutions. Methods A cluster sampling method was used to conduct a questionnaire survey from May 5th to August 23rd,2023,selecting doctors from all community health service centers（stations） and regimental hospitals of the South Xinjiang Third Division and the North Xinjiang Eighth Division in Tumxuk City and Shihezi City of the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps. We conducted a survey on the current status and influencing factors of work stress among 1 089 primary care doctors in Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps using a general information questionnaire and a clinical work stress source scale. Multiple linear regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of work stress among primary care doctors. Results The work stress score of primary care doctors in Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps was （97.28±18.62）points,which was at a moderate to high level. The workload score was （2.99±0.66）points,and the external environment score was （2.95±0.73）points. Work load and external environment were the main sources of work stress,and 392 people received high-level social support,accounting for 36.0%,502 people had good family functions,accounting for 46.1%. The results of multiple factor analysis showed that practice qualification,number of children,working hours,sleep time,perceived stress,subjective perception of growth,participation in stage training and education,social support,and level of family care could all affect the work stress of primary care doctors（all P<0.05）. Conclusion The work stress of primary care doctors in Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps needs to be improved. The workload and external environment have brought about significant work stress,and factors such as social support and family care can affect work stress. It is necessary to focus on the work stress of primary care doctors with intermediate professional titles.

Correlation analysis of organizational commitment,work immersion,and work reflection among maintenance blood purification specialist nurses

PAN Hong, XIE Xisheng, LI Mi, CHEN Qin

2025, 41(1):  56-60. 

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Objective To investigate the current situation of work reflection ability of blood purification specialist nurses in Sichuan Province,and analyze the correlation between organizational commitment,work immersion,and work reflection. Methods From June to October 2023,a questionnaire survey was conducted on 318 nurses engaged in blood purification work in Sichuan Province using the general information questionnaire,work reflection ability scale,organizational commitment scale,and work immersion scale,and the data were analyzed. Results The score for the work reflection ability of blood purification specialist nurses in Sichuan Province was （93.61±7.82）points,the score for organizational commitment was （91.63±8.26）points,and the score for work immersion was （101.80±12.50）points. There were statistically significant differences in the scores of work reflection ability among blood purification nurses with different working years,educational level,marital status,educational level,whether they were responsible team leaders,whether they had participated in reflective ability training courses,whether they had participated in quality improvement projects,and whether they were willing to engage in blood purification work（all P<0.05）. The organizational commitment of blood purification specialist nurses was positively correlated with work immersion and work reflection ability（r=0.554,0.720,both P<0.05）,and work immersion was positively correlated with work reflection ability（r=0.536,P<0.05）. The main influencing factors for work reflection ability were years of experience in blood purification work,educational level,responsibility as a team leader,participation in reflective ability courses,organizational commitment,and work immersion（all P<0.05）. Conclusion The work reflection ability of blood purification specialist nurses in Sichuan Province is at a moderate level. Blood purification specialist nurses who have been engaged in blood purification work for a longer period of time,have a higher level of education,are responsible team leaders,have participated in reflection ability courses,have higher scores in organizational commitment,and have higher scores in work immersion have higher scores in work reflection ability. Managers can take effective intervention measures based on different demographic characteristics to improve the work reflection ability of blood purification specialist nurses and enable them to better serve patients.

Construction of a work stress source model for hospital full time scientific researchers based on grounded theory

ZHOU Jinhua, XU Bei, LI Yue

2025, 41(1):  61-65. 

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Objective To construct a stress source model and evaluation scale for full-time scientific researchers in hospitals,in order to provide tool support for the research on the current work status and organizational management of full-time scientific researchers in public hospitals in China under the background of high-quality development. Methods Based on semi-structured interviews and following the main ideas and operational processes of grounded theoretical qualitative research,a preliminary structural model of work stressors for full-time hospital researchers was established. Design a scale and conduct a questionnaire survey to quantitatively test and revise the model of work stressors. Results A root analysis was conducted on the work stressors of full-time scientific researchers in hospitals,and an initial structure of 33 items in 7 dimensions was obtained. After quantitative testing,a stressor source model with 19 items in 5 dimensions was ultimately constructed. Conclusion The model of work stressors for hospital full-time scientific researchers constructed in this study has good reliability and validity.

Mediating effect of role clarity on the relationship between perception of hospital resilience and work exuberance of medical staff in geriatric medicine department in northeast Sichuan Province

LI Li, CHEN Haiying, LI Xiaoli

2025, 41(1):  66-70. 

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Objective To investigate the level of work exuberance among medical staff in geriatric medicine department in northeast Sichuan Province,and to explore the relationship between perception of hospital resilience,role clarity and work exuberance,so as to lay a foundation for improving work exuberance among medical staff. Methods A total of 364 geriatric medical staff from Nanchong,Bazhong,Guang'an,and Suining cities in northeastern Sichuan were selected for a questionnaire survey from August to November 2023,using general information survey questionnaire,perceived hospital resilience scale,role clarity scale,and work exuberance scale,and to verify the specific relationship between the three. Results The work enthusiasm score of medical staff in geriatric medicine department in the northeastern Sichuan region was （39.81±4.65）points,the role clarity score was （32.68±4.09）points,and the perceived hospital resilience score was （103.65±16.75）points. There was a positive correlation between perceived hospital resilience,role clarity,and work enthusiasm. The mediating effect of role clarity between perceived hospital resilience and job satisfaction was 0.036,accounting for 25.7% of the total effect. Conclusion The sense of work enthusiasm among medical staff in geriatric medicine department in the northeastern Sichuan region is at a moderate level. Hospital managers can take targeted measures to improve the perception of hospital resilience among medical staff,thereby further enhancing their role clarity and enabling them to engage in their work with a positive sense of work enthusiasm.

Analysis of epidemiological and etiological characteristics of influenza in Taishan District of Tai'an City from 2017 to 2023

WU Xiufen

2025, 41(1):  71-75. 

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Objective To analyze the epidemiological and etiological characteristics of influenza in Taishan District of Tai'an City from 2017 to 2023,so as to provide evidence for formulating prevention and treatment strategies. Methods Descriptive epidemiological analysis was used to analyze the data of influenza in Tai'an City from 2017 to 2023,which was reported in China Disease Prevention and Control information system. Results From 2017 to 2023,a total of 3 903 cases of influenza were reported in Taishan District,with an average annual incidence of 73.68/100 000. The age group <15 years old accounted for 71.84% of the reported cases,mainly students,scattered children and kindergarten children. The top three months with the number of cases from 2017 to 2023 were December（32.03%）,March（24.86%）,and November（10.36%）. From 2017 to 2019 and 2021,there was a single peak distribution in winter and spring,there were no epidemic peak in 2020 and 2022,in 2023,there were two epidemic peaks in February to May,September to December. From 2017 to 2023,4 756 influenza like cases underwent pathogen testing,with 868 positive cases and a positivity rate of 18.25%. Among them,344 cases（39.63%） were seasonal H3N2 type,accounting for the highest proportion, followed by 237 cases（27.30%） of new A H1N1 type,193 cases（22.24%） of Victoria type B,and 94 cases（10.83%） of Yamagata type B. From 2017 to 2023,a total of 23 influenza epidemics were reported in Taishan District,of which 11 cases were in primary schools（47.85%）,accounting for the highest proportion,and 18 were in primary and secondary schools and kindergartens（78.26%）. The pathogen types of influenza epidemics reported in each year were consistent with the detection of influenza-like cases in sentinel hospitals. Conclusion The average annual reported incidence of influenza in Taishan District from 2017 to 2023 was 73.68/100 000. The reported incidence rate in urban areas was higher than that in rural areas. The incidence was mainly in the age group under 15 years old,with obvious seasonality. The number of cases was the highest in December and March. In 2023,there were two epidemic peaks in spring and winter,the epidemic intensity was significantly higher than that in previous years,and seasonal H3N2（39.63%） and new A H1N1（27.30%） were the dominant strains. Different pathogenic types could spread simultaneously or alternatively in epidemic season. The influenza epidemic mainly occurred in schools and kindergartens,and efforts should be made to strengthen pathogen monitoring and influenza prevention and control in kindergartens,primary and secondary schools.

Potential profile analysis and influencing factors of alarm fatigue among nurses in the intensive care unit

WANG Dongqin, ZHANG Quanying, ZHAO Jia, JIA Guanhua

2025, 41(1):  76-81. 

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Objective To understand the current status of alarm fatigue among nurses in intensive care units（ICU）,and to construct a potential category for identifying the distribution characteristics of demographic variables in each subgroup. Methods From September 2022 to February 2023,447 nurses from the ICU of 5 grade-A tertiary hospitals in Henan Province were cluster selected as the research objects,and the self-made general information questionnaire,ICU nurse alarm fatigue scale,Chinese nurse work stressor scale and cognitive load scale（MDT-CL） were used to investigate,and the data were analyzed. Results The alarm fatigue score of ICU nurses was （35.74±5.52）points,which was above average. Three potential categories were identified based on ICU nurse alarm fatigue scores,namely moderate to severe fatigue-low level group（15.44%）,moderate to severe fatigue-high level group（38.7%） and moderate to severe fatigue-medium level group（45.86%）. The years of work experience in ICU,training on alarm related knowledge,experience of alarm related adverse events,and nurse work pressure were all influencing factors for the potential profile classification of ICU nurse alarm fatigue（all P<0.05）. Conclusion The alarm fatigue of nurses in the ICU is moderate to severe and has obvious classification characteristics. Nursing managers can construct targeted intervention programs according to the influencing factors of alarm fatigue in the ICU,so as to reduce the alarm fatigue of nurses in the ICU and improve the quality of care for patients in the ICU.

Occupational health literacy and its influencing factors among key groups in six industries of secondary industry in Wuhan City

FU Wenjuan, DAI Xiayun, SHEN Hongchun, YE Weiping, CHEN Zhuowang, LIANG Jiaojun

2025, 41(1):  82-86. 

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Objective To understand the occupational health literacy（OHL） level and influencing factors of front-line workers in six industries of the secondary industry in Wuhan City,and to provide the basis for precise policy implementation. Methods A stratified random sampling method was used to select front-line workers aged 16-59 years in six industries in 2022 as the research object. The questionnaire was used to collect data from the national key population occupational health literacy monitoring survey personal questionnaire,Excel software and Rgui software for analysis. Results A total of 788 front-line workers were investigated in this study,and their OHL level was 52.9%. The four dimensions of OHL level from high to low were basic knowledge of occupational health protection（80.3%）,healthy working methods and behaviors（65.1%）,occupational health legal knowledge（54.9%） and basic skills of occupational health protection（31.6%）. Among the six industries,non-metallic mineral products industry had the lowest OHL level. Binary logistic regression analysis showed that education level,income,and the industry,nature,and scale of the employer were the independent influencing factors of OHL level of front-line workers in the six secondary industries in Wuhan（all P<0.05）. Among them,the OHL level of front-line workers with education level below junior high school was significantly lower than that of senior high school（P<0.05）. The higher the income,the higher the OHL level of front-line workers（P<0.05）. The OHL level of front-line workers in non-metallic mineral products industry was significantly lower than that in non-metallic mineral mining and dressing industry（P<0.05）. The OHL level of front-line workers in private and foreign-funded enterprises was lower than that in state-owned enterprises（P<0.05）. The OHL level of front-line workers in small and micro enterprises was significantly lower than that in large enterprises（P<0.05）. Conclusion The OHL level of the six secondary industries in Wuhan is relatively low. In the future,occupational health education should focus on occupational health legal knowledge and traditional occupational disease hazard prevention skills. Industry characteristics and population structure should be fully considered when formulating intervention strategies for occupational health literacy. Focus on the non-metallic mineral products industry,small,medium-sized and micro enterprises,low-income and less educated occupational groups.

Mediating effects of health-related productivity loss in head nurses between occupational stress and humanistic care quality

WANG Xinyi, ZHANG Shan, WEI Pan, LIU Yanmei, CAO Baohua

2025, 41(1):  87-90. 

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Objective To analyze the mediating effect of health-related productivity loss between occupational stress and humanistic care quality of head nurses in grade-A tertiary hospitals in Shaanxi Province,and provide new ideas for improving the humanistic care quality of head nurses. Methods Using the convenience sampling method,248 head nurses from twelve grade-A tertiary hospitals in Shaanxi Province were surveyed by the general information questionnaire,Standford presenteeism scale,the nurses' job stressor scale and nursing caring characters assessment tool from November to December 2023,and the data were analyzed. Results The total score of health-related productivity loss among head nurses was （15.53±5.95）points,the total score of humanistic care quality was （129.86±15.56）points,and the total score of occupational stress was （91.93±12.95）points. The humanistic care quality of head nurses was negatively correlated with occupational stress and health-related productivity loss（r= -0.294,-0.279,both P<0.01）,while occupational stress was positively correlated with health-related productivity loss（r=0.482,P<0.01）. The health-related productivity loss partially mediated the effect between occupational stress and humanistic care quality,accounting for 31.46% of the total effect. Conclusion Occupational stress can negatively predict the humanistic care quality of head nurses,and can indirectly affect the humanistic care quality through health-related productivity loss. The hospital administrators should adopt a variety of interventions to alleviate the occupational stress of head nurses,reduce the incidence of health-related productivity loss,and enhance the quality of their humanistic care.

Mediating effect of coping style and social support between work stress and turnover intention of medical insurance managers

DU Yan, LI Li, WANG Cheng

2025, 41(1):  91-96. 

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Objective To analyze the mediating effect of coping style and social support on the relationship between work stress and turnover intention of medical insurance managers. Methods From April to May 2022,a questionnaire survey was conducted on medical insurance managers from randomly selected hospitals in Urumqi City of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,through the platform of the Medical Insurance Research Association. A total of 369 questionnaires were distributed. The contents of the questionnaires included the work burnout scale,social support rating scale（SSRS）,simplified coping style questionnaire scale（SCSQS） and turnover intention scale. Pearson correlation model was used to analyze the correlation between coping style,social support,work stress and turnover intention,and structural equation model was used to analyze the mediating effect of coping style and social support on the relationship between work stress and turnover intention of medical insurance managers. Results The average score of SCSQS positive response was （22.47±4.09）points,and the average score of negative coping score was （13.25±3.04）points. The average score of SSRS was （27.54±3.39）points. The average score of job burnout scale was （57.64±5.03）points. The total score of turnover intention score was （8.64±3.02）points. The SCSQS negative attitude score,job burnout scale and turnover intention score of medical insurance managers aged 20-<35 were higher than those aged ≥35,while the SCSQS positive attitude score and SSRS score were lower than those aged ≥35,and the differences were statistically significant（all P<0.05）. The SCSQS negative attitude score and turnover intention score of medical insurance managers with a salary level of less than 3 000 yuan/month were higher than the other two groups,while the SCSQS positive attitude score and SSRS score were lower than the other two groups,and the differences were statistically significant（all P<0.05）. The SCSQS positive score of medical insurance managers was negatively correlated with work stress score and turnover intention score,while the SCSQS negative score was positively correlated with work stress score and turnover intention score,and the social support score was negatively correlated with the work stress score and turnover intention score（all P<0.05）. Both coping style and social support had negative mediating effects on the relationship between work stress and turnover intention of medical insurance managers. Conclusion A positive coping attitude and efficient social support can relieve the work pressure of medical insurance workers and reduce their turnover intention.

Analysis on pollution characteristics of PM_2.5 in a district of Beijing from 2019 to 2023

LI Yifeng, WAN Boyu, MA Jianxin, LI Wenjing

2025, 41(1):  97-101. 

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Objective To understand the concentration of atmospheric fine particulate matter（PM_2.5） and its component characteristics in a district of Beijing. Methods The atmospheric PM_2.5 samples were collected from the roof of a building in a district of Beijing from 2019 to 2023. The average daily mass concentration of PM_2.5 was determined by weighing method. The concentrations of 12 metals and metal-like and 5 water-soluble ions were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer and ion chromatography,respectively. Kruskal-Wallis H test was used to analyze the differences in concentrations among different years and seasons,and Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare and analyze the impact of heating on PM_2.5 concentration and its components. Results A total of 423 air samples were collected from 2019 to 2023,and the average annual mass concentrations of PM_2.5 were 39.00,40.50,46.00,41.50 and 34.00 μg/m³,respectively,with no statistically significant differences among years（H=3.879,P>0.05）. The exceedance rate of average daily PM_2.5 concentration was significantly higher during spring and winter,while it was comparatively lower in summer and autumn,and the difference was statistically significant among different seasons（H=11.198, P<0.05）. There was no statistically significant difference in PM_2.5 concentration between the heating season and non-heating season（U=0.133,P>0.05）. The top five elements of the concentration of 12 metals and metal-like elements in PM_2.5 were aluminum（Al）> manganese（Mn）> lead（Pb）> arsenic（As）> selenium（Se）. Except for Al,As and Mn,there were statistically significant differences in the mass concentration of other metallic elements among years of 2019-2023. Except the increase of As in 2023,there was a gradual decrease in the mass concentrations of Al,Pb and Se over the years. With the exception of Sb,the seasonal variations were observed in the mass concentration of other metallic elements,Se and As exhibited higher concentrations during autumn,Al and Pb showed higher concentrations during spring,while Mn displayed higher concentrations during winter. Apart from Sb,As,Be,Ni and Ti,the differences observed between heating season and non-heating season regarding the mass concentrations of other metals. Al,Cd,Cr,Pb and Mn exhibited higher mass concentrations during heating season compared to non-heating season. The mass concentrations[M（P₂₅,P₇₅）] of sulfate（SO₄^2-）,nitrate（NO₃^-）,chloride ion（Cl^-）,fluoride（F^-） and ammonium salt（NH4+） in PM_2.5 were 3.74（1.95,7.11）,6.33（2.005,14）,0.32（0.16,0.81）,0.05（0.02,0.07） and 2.68（0.86,5.75）μg/m³,respectively. The mass concentrations of five water-soluble ions were：nitrate> sulfate> ammonium salt> chloride ion> fluoride,and the difference was statistically significant（H=1 392.1,P<0.05）. There were statistically significant differences in the concentration of chloride ion and fluoride among years（H=18.193,77.386,both P<0.05）. The concentration of five water-soluble ions was different in different seasons. Except for sulfate,which had the highest concentration in autumn,the other four water-soluble ions had the highest concentration in spring. There were statistically significant differences in the mass concentrations of nitrate,chloride ion and fluoride between heating season and non-heating season（H=2.248,12.985,7.421,all P<0.05）. Except nitrate and ammonium salt,the concentrations of the other three water-soluble ions were higher in heating season than in non-heating season. Conclusion The air pollution in Beijing has improved significantly after the implementation of a series of measures,but air pollution still exists,and further pollution control should be implemented.

Current situation of mental health literacy and improvement strategies among vocational college students in a certain school in Tianjin

YU Huihui, LI Yijie, WANG Na, LONG Jing

2025, 41(1):  102-105. 

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Objective To understand the current situation of mental health literacy among vocational college students,explore influencing factors,clarify the important influence of mental health status on mental health literacy,and study strategies for improving mental health literacy. Methods In September 2023,a convenient sampling method was used to select 366 vocational college students from a vocational college in Tianjin as the research subjects. The mental health literacy questionnaire（MHLS） and the 12-item general health questionnaire（GHQ-12） were used for questionnaire surveys,and the data were analyzed. Results The total score of mental health literacy among vocational college students was （108.01±11.59）points. There were statistically significant differences in the scores of mental health literacy among vocational college students of different genders and whether they had participated in psychology related courses（both P<0.05）. The results of multiple linear regression analysis showed that family annual income,gender,and whether they had participated in psychology related courses were the main factors that affected the mental health literacy of vocational college students（all P<0.05）. Conclusion The level of mental health literacy among vocational college students is relatively low,and mental health literacy is influenced by many factors. Therefore,systematic intervention strategies and effective approaches should be explored to maintain the mental health of vocational college students based on the above influencing factors.

Mediating role of college students' career choice efficacy in the relationship between professional identity and subjective well-being

LONG Xingfa, SHI Chunhua, AN Yandong, WANG Xiaohang

2025, 41(1):  106-111. 

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Objective To understand the relationship between college students' professional identity,career choice efficacy and subjective well-being,and the mediating role of career choice efficacy. Methods From August to October 2023,422 college students from 6 ordinary universities in Anhui and Jiangsu Province were investigated by using the convenient sampling method,the college students' professional identity questionnaire,career choice efficacy questionnaire,and subjective well-being scale. Results The professional identity score of 422 college students was （82.94±16.35）points,the career choice efficacy score was （65.84±11.30）points,and the subjective well-being score was （69.34±14.38）points. There were statistically significant differences in the career choice efficacy and subjective well-being of college students in their household registration（all P<0.05）,the career choice efficacy and subjective well-being of urban college students were significantly higher than those of rural college students. There were statistically significant differences in the professional identity and career choice efficacy of college students in the way of professional choice（all P<0.01）,the professional identity and career choice efficacy of college students who chose their majors independently were significantly higher than those who chose their majors through the wishes of their parents or others and those who were transferred.Professional identity was significantly positively correlated with career choice efficacy and subjective well-being（both P<0.01）,and career choice efficacy was significantly positively correlated with subjective well-being（P<0.01）. College students' career choice efficacy played a mediating role between professional identity and subjective well-being.Gender played a moderating role between professional identity and career choice efficacy. Conclusion College students' career choice efficacy is the intermediary between professional identity and subjective well-being,and gender can adjust the path from professional identity to career choice efficacy.

Visual analysis of health research of Chinese crew on long and distant voyages based on CiteSpace software

SUN Shangxue, LIU Qian, RUAN Xu, LI Yangyang, PENG Fei

2025, 41(1):  112-118. 

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Objective Based on the atlas drawn by CiteSpace software,to explore the current status,research hotspots and evolution trends of health-related research in the elderly oceangoing personnel in China for nearly 30 years using bibliometric methods,so as to provide reference for follow-up research. Methods The literature on the health research of personnel on long and distant voyages was retrieved from CNKI,Wanfang Database and VIP database,with a search time limit from the establishment of the database to March 2024. CiteSpace 6.3.R1 software was used for visual analysis. Results A total of 891 literatures related to the health of the personnel at long oceangoing deployment were retrieved,and 272 literatures were ultimately included after screening. The total number of publications was relatively low,and the overall trend of publications was on the rise. The main research institutions included Navy General Hospital,971st Hospital of PLA Navy,the Naval Medical Research Institute,etc. The representative research authors were WU Like,LIANG Bing,FANG Fang,etc. The high-frequency keywords were focused on "mental health" "shipboard officers and sailors" "prolonged deployment",etc. A total of 13 keyword clusters were obtained,focusing on "shipboard officers and sailors" "anxiety" "intervention",etc. A total of 25 emergent keywords were obtained,such as "intestinal flora" "sleep quality" "psychological intervention" and so on. Conclusion The health research of Chinese prolonged oceangoing personnel has strong attention and development prospects,and should be combined with China's national conditions to strengthen in-depth exchanges and cooperation. The research hotspots focus on sleep status investigation and mental health status assessment of long-distance voyage personnel. The development trend of future research may include microbiome research,sleep quality intervention,psychological intervention,and health promotion for female shipboard personnel.

Investigation and Research

Analysis of monitoring results of key occupational diseases in Cangzhou City from 2018 to 2022

HAN Yu, SUN Hongxuan, ZHANG Congrong, ZHOU Wenru, CHEN Jing, ZHAI Yanan

2025, 41(1):  119-122. 

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Objective To analyze the monitoring results of key occupational diseases in Cangzhou City from 2018 to 2022,so as to provide basis and support for formulating policies,improving regulations and standards,establishing and improving supervision mechanism,and clarifying the focus of occupational health work in Cangzhou City. Methods The occupational health examination results reported by various occupational health examination institutions in Cangzhou City from 2018 to 2022 were collected,and a database was established with Excel. Data were sorted and analyzed with SPSS 21.0. Results From 2018 to 2022,the number of institutions,monitored diseases,monitored enterprises and actual occupational health examination workers in Cangzhou City all increased year by year. From 2018 to 2022,there were statistical differences in the distribution of monitored enterprise size and economic type（both P<0.05）,and the number of micro-enterprises and other economic types of enterprises increased most rapidly. The hazard factor with the highest occupational health examination rate was noise,involving 4 646 enterprises and 130 624 injured workers. The detection rate of key occupational diseases in Cangzhou City was 0.003%,and there was a statistical difference in the detection rate of key occupational diseases among workers with different risk factors（P<0.01）. There was also a statistically significant difference in the detection rate between different years（P<0.01）. The difference in the trend test of annual detection rate was statistically significant（χ²_trend=12.529,P<0.01）. The detection rate of suspected occupational diseases was 0.01%, and there were a statistical difference in the suspected occupational disease detection rate between different years（P<0.01）,and the trend test of the annual detection rate also showed a statistically significant difference（χ²_trend=9.563,P<0.01）. Conclusion Cangzhou City should focus on strengthening the prevention and control of occupational disease hazards such as dust and noise in future occupational disease prevention and control work. At the same time,attention should be paid to the detection of suspected occupational diseases,further strengthen the supervision of administrative departments,improve the occupational health examination rate,and protect the health of workers.

Health Management and Research

Analysis of equity in health resource allocation in provincial capital cities of China

ZHOU Minghua

2025, 41(1):  123-128. 

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Objective To analyze the equity of health resource allocation in provincial capital cities in China,and to provide scientific basis for promoting the development of health resources in provincial capital cities. Methods Descriptive analysis was used to compare the average level of health resource allocation in China's provincial capital cities and four major regions in 2021,and the Gini coefficient,the Theil index,and the agglomeration degree were used to analyze the equity of health resource allocation in China's provincial capital cities. Results The number of beds,health technicians,practicing（assistant） physicians,and registered nurses per 1 000 population in the capital cities of China were 7.34,10.06,3.77,and 4.68,respectively,which was much higher than the average level of China's health resource allocation. The Gini coefficient by population was below 0.1,and the Gini coefficient by geography was between 0.4 and 0.5. The Theil index by population ranged from 0.002 3 to 0.004 6,the Theil index by geographic ranged from 0.178 5 to 0.208 2,and the Theil index by economic ranged from 0.020 2 to 0.030 3. The inequity by geographic mainly came from inter-region,and the inequity by economic mainly came from intra-region. The Northeast and West regions had health resource agglomeration degree（HRAD） less than 1,and the East and Central regions had HRAD greater than 1. Health technicians,practicing（assistant） physicians,and registered nurses in the Northeast region,the number of beds in the Eastern region,health technicians and practicing（assistant） physicians in the Central region,and the number of beds and practicing（assistant） physicians in the Western region,with HRAD/population agglomeration degree（PAD）<1. Conclusion There is greater variability in health resource allocation in the provincial capital cities of China. Equity by geographic allocation of health resources in China's provincial capital cities is poor. There are different degrees of insufficiency in the allocation of health resources in the capital cities of the four major regions of China.

Overview

Research progress on chronic disease management models at home and abroad

YANG Yuxue, LIU Yanhui, YUE Ying

2025, 41(1):  129-132. 

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Chronic diseases have become a major public health problem that jeopardizes human health and hinders social and economic development. Chronic disease management is of great significance in preventing and controlling chronic diseases through controlling risk factors,carrying out early diagnosis and treatment,and standardized management of the whole process. This paper reviews the chronic disease management models at home and abroad,with a view to providing reference for chronic disease management and conducting related research in China,so as to promote the development of chronic disease management in the direction of higher quality and more accurate.

Research progress on resilience of elderly patients with multiple diseases

CHEN Chen, CHANG Wenyang, LIU Xue, WU Hongfeng, SHI Yilin

2025, 41(1):  133-137. 

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Chronic disease comorbidities increase the physical and mental burden of patients and reduce the quality of life of patients through the synergistic effect of diseases. At present,more attention is paid to a single chronic disease,and less attention is paid to patients with chronic disease comorbidities. Multimorbidity resilience（MR） is a concept proposed for multi-comorbidity groups from the perspective of resilience,which has great potential to improve the quality of life of comorbidity patients and enhance their own resilience. Due to the late start of the research on MR,the relevant contents remain to be clarified. Therefore,this paper will review the concept,theoretical sources,measurement tools and intervention strategies of resilience to multiple diseases,in order to provide references for future research in China.

Research progress on assessment tools for sedentary behavior in preschool children

LEI Yu, ZHANG Bianzi, LI Haihong

2025, 41(1):  138-144. 

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Prolonged sedentary behavior in preschool children can increase the risk of obesity,cardiovascular diseases and other diseases,seriously affecting their physical and mental health. Therefore,it is particularly important to use appropriate sedentary behavior assessment tools for accurate identification and assessment. This article reviews the assessment tools for sedentary behavior in preschool children from the perspective of the concept of sedentary behavior,and compares and analyzes various assessment tools,in order to provide reference for the development of localized assessment tools for sedentary behavior in children and for the clinical identification and management of overweight and obesity related diseases in children.