Table of Content

15 January 2025, Volume 41 Issue 2

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Treatise

Investigation on current situation of occupational hazards in manufacturing industry in Haicang District of Xiamen City

WU Xiaojun, XIE Shirong, WEN Jianping, GAN Hongfang, ZEN Jinshui

2025, 41(2):  145-149. 

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Objective To conduct an occupational hazard survey on 268 manufacturing enterprises in Haicang District of Xiamen City,in order to understand and grasp the distribution of occupational hazards and the current status of occupational health management,and provide a basis for further special treatment of occupational hazards. Methods From February to May 2022,field investigation were conducted on enterprises in Haicang District to investigate their basic information,exposure to occupational hazards,and occupational health management,and the data were analyzed. Results A total of 21 459 employees in 268 manufacturing enterprises were exposed to occupational hazards,with an occupational hazard exposure rate of 20.39%. The dust exposure rate of employees was 7.04%,the chemical exposure rate was 5.64%,and the physical exposure rate was 12.65%. Among them,noise was the hazard factor with the highest number of enterprises and people affected.Employees exposed to occupational hazard factors were mainly concentrated in medium-sized enterprises,rubber and plastic products industry,computer,communication and other electronic equipment manufacturing,metal manufacturing and other industries,and there was a statistically significant difference in the exposure rate of occupational hazards among employees in different industries and enterprises of different scales（both P<0.01）.The rates of occupational health training for the principal person in charge,occupational health management personnel and employees were 98.51%,98.51% and 97.39%,respectively,and the rate of regular detection of occupational disease hazard factors was 97.01%.The occupational health examination rate for employees during their employment was 85.82%.The occupational health examination rate of employees showed an increasing trend with the scale of the enterprise from small to large（P<0.01）. Conclusion The focus of occupational health management in Haicang District of Xiamen City is on small and micro enterprises,especially micro enterprises. It is necessary to implement targeted supervision in key industries based on the exposure situation,and do a good job in the prevention of physical harmful factors including noise. Strengthen supervision and law enforcement efforts,urge enterprises to do a good job in occupational health examinations,and safeguard the health rights and interests of employees.

Analysis of occupational health examination results for key occupational disease monitoring occupational population in Cangzhou City from 2018 to 2022

HAN Yu, SUN Hongxuan, ZHANG Xia, ZHAO Xiaona, LU Yinglian, LAN Yanfang

2025, 41(2):  150-155. 

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Objective To analyze the monitoring results of key occupational diseases in Cangzhou City from 2018 to 2022,further grasp the health status of laborers,and provide technical basis for formulating occupational disease prevention and control strategies in Cangzhou City. Methods The monitoring data of key occupational diseases and occupational health examinations in Cangzhou City from 2018 to 2022 were collected,and a database was established with Excel 2016.Data were sorted and analyzed with SPSS 21.0 software. Results The number of monitored occupational diseases and the number of occupational health examinations in Cangzhou City increased year by year from 2018 to 2022.A total of 9 cases of occupational disease were reported in the past 5 years,mostly distributed in private small enterprises,and most of them were men,most of the working years were less than 3 years.In the past five years,a total of 802 cases of occupational contraindications were detected,accounting for 0.38%,and 22 cases of suspected occupational diseases were reported,accounting for 0.01%,among which 13 cases were suspected noise deafness.In the past five years,the occupational health examinations in Cangzhou City was mainly concentrated in small private enterprises,with a focus on males,and the age was concentrated between 30 and 40 years old. The occupational health examination results of workers exposed to benzene derivatives in Cangzhou City from 2018 to 2022 showed that the detection rate of abnormal blood routine was 4.79%. The differences in abnormal blood routine rates among employees of different genders,ages,enterprise sizes,and economic types were statistically significant（all P<0.05）.The occupational health examination results of workers exposed to noise showed that the abnormal detection rate of hearing screening was 5.19%,and there were statistical differences in the abnormal rate of hearing screening according to gender,age,enterprise scale and economic type（all P<0.05）.The abnormal rate of hearing screening showed a trend change with the change of age and enterprise scale,and the difference were statistically significant（χ²=1 857.92,487.405,both P<0.01）.The occupational health examination results of workers exposed to dust showed that the detection rate of abnormal lung function was 5.21%,and there were statistical differences in the detection rate of abnormal lung function among different gender,age,enterprise scale and economic type（all P<0.05）.The detection rate of abnormal lung function showed a trend change with the change of age and enterprise scale,and the differences were statistically significant（χ²=500.269,514.794,both P<0.01）. Conclusion The prevention and treatment of occupational diseases in Cangzhou City should focus on the prevention and treatment of occupational hazards such as benzene,noise,dust and other occupational hazards,strengthen the supervision of Hong Kong,Macao and Taiwan enterprises,small and medium-sized enterprises,and enhance the awareness of legal responsibility and social responsibility of employers. Strengthen the supervision and training of the occupational health inspection institutions and improve the ability of occupational health examinations,strengthen the training and protection of workers,expand publicity and education,enhance workers' knowledge of occupational disease prevention and treatment supervise the use of protective equipment,and reduce the occurrence of occupational diseases.

Risk assessment of hearing loss of workers caused by noise in a metal products industry in Jiangbei District of Chongqing City

WEI Jinyu, HUANG Rui, SONG Zhixing, HUANG Jiaying, ZHANG Qiuhao

2025, 41(2):  156-160. 

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Objective To understand the noise exposure and hearing loss of workers in a metal products industry in Jiangbei District of Chongqing City,evaluate the risk of noise-induced hearing loss by ISO1999：2013（E）,and classify the risk according to WS/T 954-2016 "Guidelines on the risk of noise Occupational Diseases",to guide the enterprise to take targeted hearing protection measures. Methods An on-the-spot investigation was carried out in the metal products industry in Jiangbei District of Chongqing City. A total of 147 workers in the main noise operation positions of the enterprise since January 2022 were selected as the research subjects. Pure tone hearing tests were conducted to detect the 40 hours equivalent continuous A sound level（L_EX,W） of noise exposure level in the positions. The relationship between hearing loss and type of work,length of service exposed to noise and noise exposure level was analyzed. ISO 1999-2013 model was used to evaluate and manage the exposure risk of noise jobs. Results The L_EX,W range of workers in different noise jobs in the enterprise was 84.0-93.0 dB（A）,and the over-standard rate of post noise was 79.4%. Among them,the noise exceedance rate of welding,grinding,hole making,assembly,and blanking positions was 100%.The hazard classification of the workplace showed that the harm of welding and grinding positions was moderate hazardous,while that of other positions were mild hazardous. Among 147 noise workers,it was found that 26 cases（17.7%） had simple high-frequency hearing loss and 11 cases（7.5%） had high-frequency hearing loss. There was no statistically significant difference in the proportion of hearing loss among different positions（χ²=7.525,P>0.05）. With the increase of noise exposure time and noise intensity,the proportion of hearing loss showed an upward trend,the difference was statistically significant,and there was a correlation between them（χ²=7.357,13.201;r=0.218,0.287,all P<0.05）. It was predicted that the risk range of high-frequency hearing threshold loss caused by noise for workers in various positions after the age of 50 was 2.4% to 21.9%,with grinding positions being at a higher risk. The risk range of occupational noise deafness caused by noise was 0.09%,and there was a high risk in grinding,welding,and hole-making positions. Conclusion There is a high risk of high-frequency hearing loss and occupational noise deafness in grinding,welding,and hole-making posts in this enterprise. Given the medium risk and above positions,employers should implement hearing protection plans and give priority to organization and management measures,equipped with appropriate hearing protectors,organize workers for occupational health examinations,hazard notification,and hearing protection training,and regularly assess the risk of noise exposure.

Analysis on current situation and influencing factors of job burnout among medical personnel in a medical consortium in a county in Qinghai Province

LI Yan, WANG Xiaoling, QUE Songtai, SHEN Xiaojia, HE Tongyi, LI Suhua

2025, 41(2):  161-166. 

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Objective To understand the current situation of job burnout among grassroots medical and health personnel in a medical consortium in a county in Qinghai Province,and to analyze the influencing factors from multiple perspectives such as social support,anxiety,and depression,in order to provide reference for improving job burnout among grassroots medical and health personnel. Methods From May to July 2023,an electronic questionnaire survey on job burnout was conducted on 309 medical and health personnel from a medical consortium in a county in Qinghai,and the data were analyzed. Results The total positive rate of job burnout among 309 medical and health personnel in a county medical consortium in Qinghai was 66.3%,including 41.1% mild burnout,20.4% moderate burnout,and 4.8% severe burnout. The average scores of emotional exhaustion,deindividuation,and reduced personal accomplishment dimensions were 9.0（5.0,12.0）,4.0（1.0,8.0） and 20.0（13.0,24.0）points,respectively. The detection rate of job burnout among personnel without leadership roles was higher than that among personnel with leadership roles（χ²=5.155,P<0.05）,the job burnout rate of employees with monthly income of 4 000-<6 000 yuan was significantly higher than that of employees with monthly income of ≥10 000 yuan（χ²=8.794,P<0.01）,and the job burnout rate of employees with high job satisfaction was even lower（P<0.05）. Low monthly income,lack of leadership roles,low job preference,high work pressure,and anxiety were independent risk factors for job burnout（OR=0.783,0.387,2.002,1.541,1.114,all P<0.05）. Conclusion The prevalence of job burnout among grassroots medical and health personnel in a county medical consortium in Qinghai is relatively high. It is necessary to comprehensively improve the work enthusiasm of grassroots medical and health personnel from multiple dimensions and reduce job burnout.

Mediating role of psychological resilience between non-compliant task pressure and occupational burnout among internal medicine nurses

ZHANG Shuai, LI Yanhong, GAO Shuzhen

2025, 41(2):  167-171. 

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Objective To analyze the impact of non-compliant task pressure and psychological resilience on occupational burnout among internal medicine nurses in Qingdao General Hospital. Methods From September to October 2023,a convenient sampling method was used to select 192 internal medicine nurses from 5 comprehensive hospitals in Qingdao as the survey subjects. The survey was conducted using a general situation questionnaire,psychological resilience scale,non-compliant task scale,and occupational burnout scale,and the data were analyzed. Results The scores of non-compliance task pressure,psychological resilience,and occupational burnout among internal medicine nurses were （28.42±7.26）,（80.46±15.28）,and （61.48±13.89）points,respectively.Univariate analysis showed that there were statistically significant differences in occupational burnout among internal medicine nurses of different ages,years of work experience,professional titles,marital status,monthly income,and monthly night shift frequency（all P<0.05）. Non-compliant task pressure was positively correlated with occupational burnout,while psychological resilience was negatively correlated with occupational burnout,and non-compliant task pressure was negatively correlated with psychological resilience（all P<0.01）. Psychological resilience partially mediated the relationship between non-compliant task pressure and occupational burnout among internal medicine nurses,with a mediation effect of 0.306,accounting for 52.40% of the total effect. Conclusion Psychological resilience plays a partial mediating role in non-compliant tasks pressure and occupational burnout of internal medicine nurses in Qingdao General Hospital. Improving psychological resilience can alleviate the impact of non-compliant task pressure on occupational burnout.

Analysis of serotype distribution,molecular typing and drug resistance of Salmonella in foodborne pathogens in Pengzhou City from 2015 to 2022

LIN Hui, YUAN Qiwu, ZHANG Fengju

2025, 41(2):  172-176. 

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Objective To investigate the serotype distribution,molecular typing and drug resistance of salmonella in foodborne pathogens in Pengzhou City from 2015 to 2022,and to provide scientific theoretical basis for rational drug use of salmonella infection and the outbreak and tracing of foodborne diseases in the future. Methods Food-borne disease isolates were collected from two food-borne disease surveillance sentinel hospitals in Pengzhou City from 2015 to 2022. Re-examination identification and serological typing of salmonella were carried out according to GB4789.4 and the instructions for diagnostic serums. Drug sensitivity tests and pluse-field gel electrophoresis（PFGE） were used to randomly select certain samples for typing. Results A total of 260 Salmonella isolates were collected from food-borne disease cases and 20 serotypes were identified. Among them,Salmonella typhimurium（71.15%） and Salmonella enteritidis（17.69%） were dominant. The 50 randomly selected Salmonella strains were divided into 44 PFGE band types,which showed diversity,and cluster band types appeared,there were 5 kinds of the same band types,each band type contained 2-3 strains,and the cluster similarity was 27.18%-100.00%. The 40 randomly selected Salmonella strains showed high resistance to ampicillin,streptomycin,tetracycline and nalidixic acid,100.00% sensitivity to azithromycin and amicacin,and >90.00% sensitivity to ertapenem,ceftazidime/avibactam and meropenem. 4 strains were sensitive to all antibiotics,7 strains were resistant to 1 or 2 antibiotics,and the remaining 29 strains had different degrees of multiple drug resistance,the multiple drug resistance rate was 72.50%,and the most resistant strains were resistant to 4 and 5 antibiotics,the highest was resistant to 9 antibiotics at the same time. Conclusions The main serotypes of salmonella in food-borne pathogens in Pengzhou from 2015 to 2022 are Salmonella typhimurium and Salmonella enteritidis.The PFGE band types of Salmonella are diverse,there is a risk of small epidemic,and the phenomenon of multiple drug resistance is serious.

Effect of curcuminon improving cognitive function and depressive like behavior in sleep deprived mice by regulating autophagy

SUN Tingting, WANG Congmin, DONG Jing, SHAN Tieqiang, SONG Yajuan, QI Jiao

2025, 41(2):  177-180. 

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Objective To analyze the effects of curcumin on learning and memory ability,depressive like behavior,and autophagy proteins,phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase（PI3K）/serine kinase（AKT） pathway proteins in hippocampal tissue in sleep deprived mice,and to explore the mechanism of curcumin antagonizing cognitive function and depressive like behavior induced by sleep deprivation. Methods A sleep deprived mouse model was prepared using the "improved platform water environment" method,and the experiment was arranged into a normal control group,a sleep deprivation group and a curcumin group. The curcumin group were injected intraperitoneally with 10 and 20 mg/kg curcumin,respectively,while the normal control group and sleep deprivation group were injected intraperitoneally with an equal volume of 0.9% sodium chloride. Once daily for 7 days. The water maze experiment was used to measure the cognitive function of mice in each group. The open box experiment and sugar water preference experiment were used to evaluate the depression like behavior of mice in each group. Western blotting was used to analyze the content of autophagic proteins Bcl-2 homologous domain protein antibody（Beclin 1）,microtubule associated protein light chain 3II（LC3II）/microtubule associated protein light chain 3I（LC3I） in hippocampal tissue,as well as the content of phosphorylated phosphoinositol 3-kinase（p-PI3K）/PI3K and phosphorylated serine kinase（p-AKT）/AKT autophagic proteins. Results Compared with the normal control group,the escape latency[（43.79±6.17）s] of sleep deprived mice was prolonged,and the number of crossing platforms[（10.48±1.28）times] was reduced（both P<0.01）,the number of crossing score（53.27±7.99）,the number of crossing score（45.63±6.56）,and the preference rate for sugar water[（32.61±4.97）%] all decreased（all P<0.01）,the levels of Beclin 1（1.58±0.16） and LC3II/LC3I （1.21±0.16） in hippocampal tissue increased（both P<0.01）,while the levels of p-PI3K/PI3K（0.26±0.03） and p-AKT/AKT（0.40±0.05） decreased（both P<0.01）. Compared with the sleep deprivation group,the curcumin group had a shorter escape latency[（31.89±3.81,27.01±3.41）s] and an increased number of crossing platforms[（16.57±1.90,20.26±2.55）times]（all P<0.01）,the number of crossing score（95.39±13.88,114.76±14.94）,rearing score（74.32±7.99, 86.25±9.42） and preference rate for sugar water[（43.09±5.46,51.89±7.38）%] all increased（all P<0.01）,the levels of Beclin 1（1.07±0.11,0.92±0.10） and LC3II/LC3I（0.89±0.11,0.72±0.11） in hippocampal tissue decreased（all P<0.01）,while the levels of p-PI3K/PI3K（0.51±0.06,0.61±0.06） and p-AKT/AKT（0.59±0.06,0.68±0.07） increased（all P<0.01）,and showed a dose-dependent relationship. Conclusion Curcumin can improve cognitive function and alleviate depressive like behavior in sleep deprived mice,which is closely related to its activation of the PI3K/AKT pathway and inhibition of hippocampal autophagy.

Analysis of nutritional value and quality safety risk of double-layer steamed milk,ginger milk and the mixing powder sold in Guangzhou in 2022

ZENG Chunzi, YU Chao, ZHANG Weiwei, WANG Yanyan, LI Zhifeng, LI Yan

2025, 41(2):  181-185. 

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Objective To understand the nutritional value and quality and safety risks of double-layer steamed milk,ginger milk and the mixing powder sold in Guangzhou. Methods In 2022,90 samples of products sold in Guangzhou were collected,including 44 samples of double-layer steamed milk,16 samples of instant ginger milk,18 samples of powdered double-layer steamed milk,and 12 samples of powdered ginger milk. The nutritional components,microorganisms,chemical pollutants,and toxins were tested according to the national food safety standards. Results After mixing the powder with water in proportion,the protein content[M（P₂₅,P₇₅）] of double-layer steamed milk,ginger milk and the mixing powder was 3.360（2.930,4.422）g/100 g,and the calcium content was 111.000（68.900,134.602）mg/100 g. The protein and calcium content of powdered double-layer steamed milk was the lowest among the four types of food,with [M（P₂₅,P₇₅）] only 0.370（0.148,3.160）g/100 g and 15.722（6.428,132.349）mg/100 g,respectively. The protein content of powdered double-layer steamed milk was significantly lower than that of instant double-layer steamed milk（Z=5.828,P<0.05）,the calcium content was lower than that of instant ginger milk and its blending powder significantly（Z=3.464,-2.985,both P<0.05）.In the powdered double-layer steamed milk,the calcium content in the group with lower protein intake（11/18） were significantly lower than those in the group with higher protein intake（7/18）（Z=-3.487,P<0.05）. The total detection rate of food-borne pathogens in double-layer steamed milk,ginger milk and the mixing powder was 1.11%（1/90）,indicating that one case of Cronobactergenus was detected in instant double-layer steamed milk. The rate of total bacterial count exceeding the reference value was 1.11%（1/90）,and the rate of Escherichia coli exceeding the reference value for instant food was 3.33%（2/60）. All samples exceeding the reference value ware instant double-layer steamed milk. Conclusion The nutritional value of double-layer steamed milk,ginger milk and the mixing powder sold in Guangzhou is generally high,rich in protein and calcium. The overall nutritional value of powdered double-layer steamed milk is the lowest among the four types of food,due to the large differences in nutritional value between products,and the high proportion of products with low nutritional value. There are microbial contamination in a small number of instant double-layer steamed milk.

Analysis on epidemic characteristics of influenza in Urumqi sentinel hospital of the Corps from 2013 to 2023

GUO Yan, LI Fanka, Abudunaibi·Abudukelimu, GUO Jingxia, GAO Nan

2025, 41(2):  186-191. 

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Objective To analyze the epidemic characteristics of influenza in Urumqi sentinel hospital of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps from 2013 to 2023,so as to provide basis for accurate prevention and control of influenza in this area. Methods Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the epidemic characteristics of influenza in the sentinel hospital in Urumqi City of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps from 2013 to 2023.Excel 2019 software and SPSS 26.0 software were used to organize and statistically analyze case data,and pathogenic characteristics were analyzed. Results From 2013 to 2023,a total of 18 047 cases of influenza-like illness（ILI） were reported in the sentinel hospitals of Urumqi,Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps. There were 2 069 052 cases of outpatient（emergency） diagnosis,and ILI accounted for 0.87% of the total outpatient（emergency） diagnosis. From 2013 to 2019,ILI and ILI% showed an overall downward trend,while ILI continued to decrease from 2020 to 2022,but ILI% showed a significant increase,with both ILI and ILI% showing a significant increase. The overall trend of influenza epidemic from 2013 to 2023 showed seasonality,with a significant increase in winter and spring,and the dominant strain was seasonal H3 influenza virus. From 2013 to 2023,a total of 5 765 influenza virus nucleic acid testing records were analyzed,including 985 positive samples,with a nucleic acid positive detection rate of 17.09%. The positive detection rate of influenza virus was highest in the age group of 5-<15 years old（22.33%）,and lowest in the age group of ≥ 60 years old（11.54%）. Conclusion The monitoring results of sentinel hospitals in Urumqi of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps from 2013 to 2023 show that young children are the first susceptible population to influenza,and the overall dominant strain is the seasonal influenza H3 strain,which is highly prevalent in winter and spring. Based on information analysis such as epidemiological investigation and tracing,it is recommended to strengthen influenza prevention measures in a timely manner before the arrival of spring and winter,with a focus on family prevention for children.

Analysis on relationship between dementia knowledge,positive aspects of caregiving and sense of competence,and training needs among dementia care staff

LIU Fengying, LIU Dandan, CHEN Xiaomei

2025, 41(2):  192-196. 

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Objective To investigate the relationship between dementia knowledge,positive aspects of caregiving and sense of competence in dementia care staff,explore their training needs. Methods By the convenience sampling method,a total of 247 dementia caregivers in eight long-term care institutes in Guangxi were surveyed from October to December 2023. A questionnaire survey was conducted using the general information questionnaire,the dementia knowledge assessment scale（DKAS）,the positive aspects of caregiving（PAC） and the sense of competence in dementia care staff（SCIDS）,to analyze the relationship between dementia knowledge,the positive aspects of caregiving and the sense of competence in dementia care staff,and consult caregivers about their training needs. Results A total of 265 questionnaires were distributed and 247 valid questionnaires were recovered,with a validity rate of 93.21%. The dementia caregivers had a dementia knowledge score of （14.69±3.25）points,the positive aspects of caregiving score of （33.02±7.63）points,and the sense of competence in dementia care staff score of （45.49±8.99） points. The dementia knowledge was positively correlated with the positive aspects of caregiving and the sense of competence in dementia care staff（r=0.496,0.423,both P<0.01）,while the positive aspects of caregiving was positively correlated with the sense of competence in dementia care staff（r=0.610,P<0.01）. The positive aspects of caregiving partially mediated the relationship between dementia knowledge and the sense of competence in dementia care staff,accounting for 62.31%of the total effect. Conclusion The scores of dementia knowledge,the positive aspects of caregiving,and the sense of competence of dementia caregivers are all at the average level,and the positive aspects of caregiving as a mediating variable have an impact on the caregivers' caregiving competence,improving the positive aspects of dementia caregivers would help improve their caregiving competence.

Impact of work family conflict on work engagement among police officers and the mediating role of calling

TANG Furong, XIAO Zhihua

2025, 41(2):  197-200. 

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Objective To understand the relationship between work family conflict,calling,and work engagement among police officers. Method From December 2021 to February 2022,a convenience sampling method was used to select 226 police officers from Leshan City and Suining City in Sichuan Province as the research subjects. The work family conflict scale,Chinese calling scale,and work engagement scale were used to investigate,and the data were analyzed. Results The score for work family conflict among police officers in Sichuan Province was （2.96±0.83）points,and the score for work engagement was （3.72±0.75）points. Work family conflict was negatively correlated with calling and work engagement scores（r=-0.306,-0.474,both P<0.01）,while calling was positively correlated with work engagement scores（r=0.559,P<0.01）. Work family conflict had a negative predictive effect on work engagement（B=-0.399,P<0.01）,while calling had a positive predictive effect on work engagement（B=0.381,P<0.01）. The calling could partially mediate the effect of work family conflict on work engagement,with a mediating effect of 0.126,accounting for 29.44% of the total effect. Conclusion Work family conflict can directly affect the work engagement among police officers,and can also indirectly affect the work engagement by influencing calling.

Analysis on epidemiological characteristics and trend prediction of mumps in Nanjing City from 2013 to 2023

SUN Jinning, SUN Xiang, WANG Hengxue, HUANG Qiming, SHEN Chao, LIANG Yaqiong

2025, 41(2):  201-205. 

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Objective To understand the case distribution and epidemiological characteristics of mumps in Nanjing City,develop an autoregressive integrated moving average（ARIMA） model to predict short-term disease incidence trend,and provide a scientific foundation for formulating mumps prevention and control strategies. Methods The mumps morbidity data in Nanjing City from 2013 to 2023 were obtained from the notifiable infectious disease reporting information management system of the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention,and the epidemiological investigation data were collected from the mumps data decision-making system of Nanjing City,to analyze the epidemiological characteristics. An ARIMA model was constructed using R3.6.1 to predict short-term mumps incidence trends. Results A total of 6 607 mumps cases were reported in Nanjing City from 2013 to 2023,with an average annual incidence rate of 7.00/100 000（3.07/100 000-19.62/100 000）. The disease exhibited a bimodal distribution,with primary peaks in April-June（36.95%） and a secondary peak in September（9.66%）. The top three districts with reported mumps incidence rates were Jiangbei New Area,Liuhe District,and Yuhuatai District,accounting for 40.67%（2 687 cases） of the total. Males outnumbered females with a gender ratio of 1.52：1. The age of onset was mainly concentrated in the age group of 0-<15 years old,accounting for 82.37%,of which the age group of 5-<10 years old accounted for 41.29%,followed by the age group of 0-<5 and 10-<15 years old,accounting for 24.02% and 17.06% respectively. The patients were mainly students （50.72%）,nursery children（30.54%） and scattered children（9.11%）,representing 90.37% of total cases. The model construction showed that the optimal model was ARIMA（2,1,2）（1,0,0）12,Akaike information criterion（AIC）=417.270,Bayesian information criterion（BIC）=428.386,with Ljung-Box test results showing χ²=0.301,P=0.583. Conclusion The mumps incidence in Nanjing City displays a declining trend,the key populations for mumps prevention and control are people under 15 years old,including students,nursery children and scattered children,and it is essential to continuing to strengthen comprehensive prevention strategies and measures,such as vaccination,disease monitoring,and verification of enrollment and daycare vaccination certificates,so as to improving the level of disease prevention and control.

Analysis of the prevalence and risk factors of cognitive impairment in elderly outpatients aged ≥65 years in Panyu District of Guangzhou City

ZHANG Yao, WANG Xiaomei, DAI Jinmei, FU Zhenfa, CHEN Hanwei, HE Bingjie

2025, 41(2):  206-211. 

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Objective To investigate the prevalence rate and potential risk factors of cognitive impairment in elderly patients aged ≥65 years in Panyu district of Guangzhou,and to prevent and delay the transformation of cognitive function from mild cognitive impairment to dementia. Methods The data of patients aged ≥65 years who seek outpatient treatment or undergo health examination in Panyu District Health Management Center,Shilou Community Health Service Center,Donghuan Street Community Health Service Center,Qiaonan Street Community Health Service Center and Shatou Street Community Health Service Center in Guangzhou from January to December 2023 were collected. The mini-mental state examination（MMSE） was used for cognitive assessment,and the prevalence of cognitive impairment was statistically analyzed and multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed. Results Among 10 075 elderly participants,the prevalence of cognitive impairment was 61.2%（6 065 people）. Multivariate logistic analysis identified five interventionable risk factors independently associated with cognitive impairment：stroke（OR=1.363,95%CI：1.160-1.603）,hyperlipidemia（OR=1.785,95%CI：1.681-1.905）,insomnia（OR=2.387,95%CI：2.144-2.659）,mental illness（OR=3.104,95% CI：1.721-5.598） and alcohol consumption（OR=1.333,95%CI：1.074-1.654）. Subgroup analysis revealed that Parkinson's disease was another risk factor for cognitive impairment in older women. Conclusion The prevalence rate of cognitive impairment was higher in elderly outpatients ≥65 years old in Panyu District of Guangzhou. It is important to implement targeted interventions and integrated management strategies to reduce the impact of the five interventionable risk factors in this population.

Mediating effect of job embeddedness between empowering leadership and thriving at work among emergency department nurses

LI Cuicui, XIN Ying, NIU Yushuo, HOU Xiaohong

2025, 41(2):  212-216. 

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Objective To explore the mediating effect of job embeddedness between empowering leadership and thriving at work,provide reference for nursing managers to develop relevant intervention measures. Methods From June to August 2022,a convenience sampling method was used to select 289 emergency department nurses from six grade-A tertiary hospitals in Jinan City of Shandong Province as the study subjects. They were investigated by the general information questionnaire,empowering leadership scale,job embeddedness scale,and thriving at work scale,and the data were analyzed. Results The scores of thriving at work,empowering leadership and job embeddedness among emergency department nurses were （51.08±8.49）,（46.11±9.33） and （26.60±4.24）points,respectively. The thriving at work was positively correlated with empowering leadership（r=0.559,P<0.01）,and job embeddedness（r=0.515,P<0.01）,while the empowering leadership was positively correlated with job embeddedness（r=0.561,P<0.01）. The job embeddedness played a partial mediating role between empowering leadership and thriving at work （β=0.171,P<0.01）,with the mediation effect accounting for 25.9% of the total effect. Conclusion The empowering leadership can indirectly affect thriving at work by influencing job embeddedness,and the nursing managers should take targeted measures to improve the empowering leadership perception level and job embeddedness of emergency department nurses,so as to improve nurses' thriving at work and promot their professional growth and development.

Overview and characteristics analysis of cardiopulmonary exercise test parameters in medical staffs in a Hospital in Beijing

ZHANG Qian, ZHOU Jihong, LIU jun, CHENG Bo, CHEN Hao, WANG Fang

2025, 41(2):  217-222. 

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Objective To investigate the characteristics and cardiopulmonary function status of cardiopulmonary exercise test（CPET） parameters of the group of medical staff in Beijing hospitals. Methods From March 1st to September 1st,2021,basic information and cardiopulmonary exercise test data of 208 healthy medical staffs aged 22-83 years old from a hospital in Beijing were collected. They were divided into three groups based on age thresholds of 45 and 65 years old：young,middle-aged,and elderly groups. The range of physiological indexes for CPET in each age group and the trend of changes between groups were evaluated. Results The maximum oxygen uptake,anaerobic threshold oxygen uptake,peak power and peak heart rate of 208 medical staff showed a gradually decreasing trend with age. The median VO₂ peak/kg of male medical staff in the age groups of 0-<45,45-<65,and≥65 years old were 31.3,25.45,18.35 mL/（kg·min）,respectively. The VO₂ peak/kg of female medical staff in the age groups of 0-<45,45-<65,and ≥65 years old were 28.2,21.2,15.05 mL/（kg·min）,respectively. Conclusion The cardiorespiratory fitness of medical staff in Beijing Hospitals is within the normal range as verified by the Chinese prediction formula,and oxygen uptake,peak power,and peak heart rate decrease with age. Compared with the normal range given by Western countries,the cardiorespiratory fitness of medical staff in Beijing Hospitals is lower.

Development and reliability and validity testing of a medical radiation protection knowledge- attitude-practice scale for medical staff

YANG Xuejiao, LIU Gaoming, XIANG Guliang, NI Qianxi, SHU Wenxian

2025, 41(2):  223-227. 

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Objective To develop a medical radiation protection knowledge-attitude-practice（KAP） scale for medical staff,and to test the reliability and validity of the scale. Methods Based on the theory of KAP,a scale item pool was initially formed by means of literature research,brainstorming,focus group discussion and interviews with medical radiation related personnel. The initial scale was formed through expert consultation and revision. Using pre survey data for item quality analysis to form a formal scale,and 376 medical staff were surveyed in August 2022 to test the reliability and validity of the scale. Results The medical radiation protection KAP scale for medical staff consisted of 27 items with 3 dimensions,with a cumulative variance contribution rate of 76.876%.The confirmatory factor analysis showed that all indicators of the model met the standards,and the overall model fitting effect was good.The average content validity index at the scale level was 0.936,and the average content validity index for knowledge,attitude,and practice dimensions were 0.933,0.944 and 0.931,respectively. The content validity index of the items range from 0.833 to 1.000.The Cronbach's α coefficient of the total scale was 0.957,the test-retest reliability was 0.835,and the split-half reliability was 0.845. The Cronbach's α coefficient for each dimension were 0.970,0.939,and 0.954,respectively. Conclusion The medical radiation protection KAP scale has good reliability and validity,which is suitable for the evaluation of medical radiation protection KAP level for medical staff in China.

Analysis on current status and influencing factors of social loafing among 396 clinical nurses

YIN Danqin, CHEN Mei, HE Ting, LI Zifeng

2025, 41(2):  228-232. 

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Objective To investigate the current status and influencing factors of social loafing among clinical nurses. Methods In May 2023,a convenience sampling survey was conducted on 396 clinical nurses from a grade-A tertiary hospital in Wuxi using a general information questionnaire,turnover intention scale,and social loafing scale,and the data were analyzed. Results The turnover intention score for nurses was （17.34±3.36）points,and the social loafing score was （38.32±8.49）points. Average monthly income,night shifts,job satisfaction,and turnover intention were all independent influencing factors of social loafing among clinical nurses（all P<0.05）,with turnover intention independently explaining 16.9% of the total variation in social loafing. Conclusion The social loafing of clinical nurses in a grade-A tertiary hospital in Wuxi is at a relatively high level. Relevant managers can consider improving night shift working conditions,increasing job compensation and satisfaction,and reducing the level of turnover intention,thereby reducing the social loafing level of clinical nurses.

Study on psychological intervention effect of network group psychological intervention on medical staff in a hospital in Tianjin

SUN Lili, GUO Xiaoxia, SI Jijian, LI Hongtao

2025, 41(2):  233-237. 

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Objective To explore the effect of network group psychological intervention and mental health education on the anxiety,depression and insomnia severity of medical staff and the effect of 3-month follow-up. Methods From May to November 2022,a total of 109 medical staff who participated in medical treatment work in a hospital in Tianjin were selected and randomly divided into comprehensive intervention group（network group psychological intervention combined with mental health education,n=53） and mental health education group（n=56） by a randomized controlled experiment design. Self-rating anxiety scale（SAS）,self-rating depression scale（SDS） and insomnia severity index（ISI） were used to evaluated before,after the intervention and at 3-month follow-up. Results There were no statistically significant differences in gender,age,marital status,education background,occupation type and time of participating in medical treatment work between the two groups of medical staff（all P>0.05）. Before the intervention,the scores of SAS[（41.46±10.38）points],SDS[（46.34±14.50）points] and ISI[（7.62±5.12）points] in the comprehensive intervention group were not statistically significantly different from those in the mental health education group [（40.47±9.59）,（45.29±11.60）,and （7.50±4.72）points]（all P>0.05）. After the intervention,the scores of SAS[（31.44±5.38）points] and SDS[（33.96±7.55）points] in the comprehensive intervention group were significantly lower than those in the mental health education group[（35.47±7.88）,（39.44±11.88）points]（both P<0.05）. At 3-month follow-up,the scores of SAS[（35.97±8.37）points] and SDS[（38.56±10.58）points] in the comprehensive intervention group were still significantly lower than those in the mental health education group[（39.91±11.89） and （43.50±14.29）points]（both P<0.05）. The scores of anxiety and depression after the intervention were significantly lower than before the intervention in the two groups（both P<0.05）,and the scores of anxiety and depression in the comprehensive intervention group at 3 months follow-up were still significantly lower than before the intervention（both P<0.05）. The score of ISI among medical staff in the comprehensive intervention group after the intervention was （5.70±3.70）points,significantly lower than before the intervention（P<0.05）,and significantly lower than the score of the mental health education group[（7.21±3.94）points]（P<0.05）. However,the ISI score at the 3 month follow-up was （6.19±3.86）points,and there was no statistically significant difference compared with the score of before the intervention[（7.62±5.12）points]（P>0.05）. The ISI scores of medical staff in the mental health education group showed no statistically significant difference after the intervention and at 3 month follow-up compared to before the intervention（both P>0.05）. Conclusion Network group psychological intervention combined with mental health education can effectively improve the anxiety,depression and insomnia of medical staff,and the effect is better than simple mental health education alone.

Current status and correlation analysis of meaning in life,perceived social support and stigma among paraplegic patients with occupational injuries in Beijing

LI Xin, SUN Yingqi, XIAO Yang, YANG Yang, BAI Jinfeng

2025, 41(2):  238-243. 

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Objective To investigate the current status and correlation of the meaning of life,perceived social support and stigma of paraplegia patients caused by occupational injury in Beijing,and provide data reference for reducing stigma of paraplegia patients caused by occupational injury. Methods From September 2023 to April 2024,a total of 207 patients with paraplegia due to occupational injury were selected as the research objects. The general information questionnaire,the Chinese version of the meaning in life scale,perceived social support scale and social impact scale were used to conduct a questionnaire survey,and the survey data were analyzed. Results The life meaning scores of 207 paraplegics were （36.60±11.86）points,the perceived social support scores were （60.92±10.19）points,and the stigma scores were （68.77±9.79）points. There were statistically significant differences in life meaning scores among patients with different marital status,number of children,average monthly family income,paraplegic type and paraplegic grade, perceived social support scores among patients with different gender,marital status,number of children,average monthly family income,paraplegic type and paraplegicgrade,and stigma scores among patients with different gender,age,number of children,average monthly family income,paraplegic type and paraplegic grade（all P<0.05）. The meaning of life was positively correlated with perceived social support（r=0.481,P<0.05）,and negatively correlated with stigma（r=-0.430,P<0.05）,and perceived social support was negatively correlated with stigma（r=-0.360,P<0.05）. The perceived social support played a partial mediating role in the relationship between meaning of life and stigma,and the mediating effect was -0.117,accounting for 26.8% of the total effect. Conclusion Patients with paraplegia due to occupational injury from Beijing have a certain degree of stigma,which can be effectively reduced by improving their sense of life meaning and perceived social support.

Mediating effect of psychological resilience of clinical nurses in Urumqi on job stressors and coping styles

WANG Hong, YU Shan, CHEN Xia, DONG Xia, SHI Lingyun

2025, 41(2):  244-248. 

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Objective To understand the intrinsic relationship between the psychological resilience,job stressors,and coping styles of clinical nurses in a grade-A tertiary teaching hospital in Urumqi,and further analyze the mediating effect of nursing psychological resilience between work stressors and coping styles. Methods Convenience sampling was used to conduct a questionnaire survey on 541 clinical nurses working in three grade-A tertiary teaching hospitals in Urumqi of Xinjiang from October 2023 to May 2024,using the general information questionnaire,Connor-Davidson resilience scale（CD-RISC）,Chinese nurses' job stressors scale and simplified coping style questionnaire（SCSQ）,and the data were analyzed. Results The score of job stressors among nurses was （72.76±16.79）points,the score of coping style was （13.43±8.21）points,and the score of psychological resilience was （73.83±21.50）points. The psychological resilience score of nurses was negatively correlated with the score of job stressors（r=-0.345,P<0.01）,and positively correlated with coping style（r=0.194,P<0.01）.The score of job stressors was negatively correlated with the score of simple coping style（r=-0.081,P<0.01）. Psychological resilience had a partial mediating effect between work stressors and coping styles,with a mediating effect value of -0.067,accounting for 45.2% of the total effect. Conclusion The psychological resilience of nurses in grade A tertiary teaching hospitals in Urumqi partially mediates the relationship between job stressors and coping styles. Nursing managers should promote the improvement of nurses' psychological resilience,effectively cope with work stress,and ensure the quality of nursing services and patient safety.

Impact of atmospheric PM_2.5 on mortality and health,as well as assessment of excess mortality risk in Huai'an City from 2017 to 2021

LUO Shancai, SUN Zhongming, XU Mengying, WU Xinyu, ZHANG Wen, GE Hengkang

2025, 41(2):  249-253. 

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Objective To investigate the short-term acute exposure effects of fine particulate matter（PM_2.5） on population mortality in the ambient air of Huai'an City and evaluate average annual excess mortality risk in Huai’an. Methods Collected the daily mortality data in Huai'an City from 2017 to 2021,along with concurrent meteorological data and atmospheric PM_2.5 levels. Generalized additive models（GAM） were used to analyze the acute effects of PM_2.5 on resident mortality and the cumulative lag effects. Additionally,a health risk assessment model was employed to analyze the excess mortality risk attributable to PM_2.5. Results From 2017 to 2021,the annual average PM_2.5 level was 41.12 μg/m³ in Huai'an City,which exceeded the national air quality grade II limit. The GAM model revealed that the impact of PM_2.5 on mortality presented lag and cumulative lag effects. The acute effects of PM_2.5 on non-accidental,respiratory,and circulatory deaths peaked on the day of exposure（lag0 d）,with health risks increasing by 0.92%,1.29%,and 1.06%,respectively for every 10 μg/m³ increase in daily concentration. The cumulative effects of PM_2.5 on non-accidental,respiratory,and circulatory deaths reached their maxima at lag0：1 d,lag0：2 d,and lag0：1 d,respectively,with health risks increasing by 0.82%,1.47%,and 0.97%,respectively for each 10 μg/m³ increase in daily concentration. Using PM_2.5=35.0 μg/m³ as a reference mass concentration for assessing excess mortality risk,the annual average PM_2.5 concentration decreased from 44.42 μg/m³ in 2017 to 35.99 μg/m³ in 2021. Compared to 2017,the numbers of non-accidental,respiratory,and circulatory deaths in 2021 decreased by 32.55%,49.39% and 22.56%,respectively. Conclusion The ambient air PM_2.5 concentration in Huaian City is at a relatively high level,but effective control of PM_2.5 concentration can significantly reduce the risk of excess mortality among residents.

Effect of persistent personality and sense of non-reactivity in the relationship between parental technoference and college student internalizing problems in a certain university in Guangdong Province

ZHANG Chao, LI Jiaojiao, YANG Ming, CHEN Shaohong

2025, 41(2):  254-258. 

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Objective To explore the mediating role of persistent personality in the relationship between parental technoference and internalization problems among college students,as well as the moderating role of sense of non-reactivity in the relationship between persistent personality and internalization problems. Methods From September to October in 2023,a random sampling method was used to conduct a questionnaire survey on 450 college students from a university in Guangdong Province,using the parental technoference scale,persistent personality scale,non-reactivity scale,symptom checklist 90 scale（SCL-90）,and the data was analyzed. Results The score of parental technoferenceamong college students was （19.11±9.43）point,the score of internalization problems among college students was （66.79±39.11）point,the score of persistent personality was （9.63±4.49） point,and the score of non-reactivity was （17.51±6.79）point. There was a positive correlation between parental technoference and internalization problems（r=0.59,P<0.01）,and a negative correlation with persistent personality（r=-0.60,P<0.01）. There was a negative correlation between persistent personality and internalization problems（r=-0.80,P<0.01）. Persistent personality partially mediated the relationship between parental technoference and internalization problems（95%CI：0.171-0.272）. There was a significant regulatory effect in the process of internalizing problems influenced by persistent personality（β=0.330,P<0.01）. Conclusion Parental technological interference can not only directly and positively predict internalizing problems,but also indirectly affect them through a persistent personality. Sense of non-reactivity have a regulatory effect,and compared to low responders,high non responders have a smaller effect on internalizing problems due to their persistent personality.

Survey on the current status and influencing factors of anxiety among medical students

ZHU Jinli, DAI Xiatong, LU Sha, QIN Yang, YU Guilin

2025, 41(2):  259-262. 

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Objective To understand the status of anxiety level of medical students in a university in Wuhan,and to analyze its influencing factors. Methods A total of 243 clinical undergraduates from a university in Wuhan were selected from February 2024 to March 2024,and were surveyed using general demographic data and anxiety self-assessment scales. Independent t-tests and one-way ANOVA combined with multivariate linear regression were used to analyze their relevant influencing factors. Results The anxiety level score of 243 medical students in a university in Wuhan was （49.43±6.69）points,which was higher than the national normative level[（37.23±12.58）points].Comparison of anxiety levels among medical students of different grades,professional satisfaction and family financial status showed statistically significant differences（F=2.830,9.899,5.230,all P<0.05）. Grade,professional satisfaction and family financial status were independent influences on medical students' anxiety（β=2.540,-1.260,3.088,all P<0.05）. Conclusion The anxiety level of medical students in a certain university in Wuhan is generally high,and different grades,professional satisfaction and family economic status are influencing factors. Schools should pay attention to the anxiety problem of medical students,actively carry out psychological counselling,and promote the physical and mental health of medical students.

Systematic review and meta-analysis of the military training injury during the basic military training period of recruits in China

YU Zhicao, LIU Congcong, FAN Jiayang, ZHANG Gang, PENG Kainan

2025, 41(2):  263-269. 

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Objective To systematically review relevant literature on military training injuries in China,analyze the incidence of training injuries among new recruits during the basic military training period,and provide evidence-based medicine for the prevention,treatment,and research of military training injuries in China. Methods A systematically literature search on military training injuries was performed in the Chinese and English database such as CNKI,CQVIP,CBM,Wanfang,PubMed and so on,and selected eligible literature. The publication time was limited between January 2010 and December 2022. The cross-sectional study quality evaluation standard recommended by the agency for health research and quality（AHRQ） in the United States were used to evaluate the quality of the included literature,determine the included studies,and extract relevant information. Fixed effect model or random effect model was selected through heterogeneity test results. The meta-analysis method was used to calculate the combined incidence of training injuries. Funnel plot method and Egger linear regression methods were used to evaluate publication bias. The sensitivity analysis was carried out by the one-by-one elimination method. Results A total of 46 articles were included in this study,including a sample of 106 329 cases. The combined incidence of training injury during the new recruits' basic training was 20.2%（95%CI：18.0%-22.5%）. Subgroup analysis showed that there was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of training injury between the recruits who were trained in winter or autumn（P>0.05）. The incidence of training injury after 2015（17.4%,95%CI：13.9%-21.0%） showed a downward trend compared to before 2015（22.2%,95%CI：19.5%-25.0%）,but the difference was not statistically significant（P>0.05）. Conclusion The incidence of training injuries during the recruits' basic training period in China was 20.2%. With the vigorous improvement of practical training,scientific group training,and logistical support in recent years,there is a downward trend in training injuries. It is recommended to implement active intervention measures such as in-depth health education,effective psychological intervention,health status assessment,functional movement screening,and corrective training on the basis of routine training in the future,in order to reduce the risk of training injuries and improve the quality of training.

Overview

Research progress on job control of nurses

LI Qianxing, DUAN Lianmei, WANG Ying

2025, 41(2):  270-274. 

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：Faced with the growing health and care needs of the people,nursing staff in China are still in a shortage state. High workload,tense interpersonal relationships,low job satisfaction and professional identity may all be reasons for nurses to resign. Job control refers to the individual's ability to cope and control their own work and work environment. A high level of job control is beneficial for improving nurses' job satisfaction,promoting their innovative behavior,and reducing job burnout and turnover rates. Therefore,this article reviews the concept,theoretical basis,evaluation tools,current situation,influencing factors,outcome variables,and improvement strategies of nurses' job control,in order to provide reference for improving the level of nurses' job control.

Research progress on relationship between parental reflective functioning and early childhood development

YU Haiyan, MA Wenbo

2025, 41(2):  275-279. 

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：The parental reflective functioning,as one of the core predictive factors of sensitive parenting,has become an emerging research hotspot in the field of early childhood development in recent years. This paper reviews the concept,measurement tool,influencing factors,related intervention studies,and its impact on early childhood development of parental reflective function,aiming to provide a theoretical basis for implementing interventional research to enhance the level of parental reflective functioning and promote early childhood development.

Research progress on nurses' digital health capabilities

HE Chunqiu, XIE Meiming, LIAO Dongfa, LIU Da, CHEN Yuqin, CUI Lin

2025, 41(2):  280-284. 

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：In the digital era of rapid development of information technology,digital healthcare has undoubtedly become a key area for the construction of digital China. As the largest professional group in the healthcare field,the nursing team is also the main group of people who have successfully implemented and used digital technologies,and the level of their digital health capabilities directly affects the digital transformation of the medical industry. Through literature review,this paper reviews the concept,status quo and influencing factors of nurses' digital health ability,discusses the shortcomings of nurses' digital health ability in China and puts forward relevant countermeasures,so as to provide a theoretical basis for the improvement of nurses' digital health ability in China,in order to enhance the knowledge and skills of nurses in digital ability and promote the development of nurses' digital health ability.

Application progress of electronic diary in chronic disease self-management

LI Min, ZHU Xuejiao, WEI Shunzi, BAO Huimin

2025, 41(2):  285-288. 

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：The self-management is the core of chronic disease management. As a self-management aid,the electronic diary has been applied to some extent in the world,but it is still in its infancy in China. This paper analyzes the relevant literature of electronic diary at home and abroad,summarizes the concept,applicable objects and scope of electronic diary,and introduces the application status of electronic diary in the lifestyle management of chronic disease patients,the risk management of chronic disease complications,the management of disease symptoms and the management of disease treatment,so as to provide reference for improving the self-management ability of chronic disease patients.