Table of Content

01 February 2025, Volume 41 Issue 3

Previous Issue    Next Issue

Treatise

Analysis on individual dose monitoring results of external radiation in medical institutions in Zhenjiang City from 2019 to 2023

HUANG Rui, JIAO Jiandong

2025, 41(3):  289-293. 

Asbtract ( 44 )   PDF (560KB) ( 18 )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To analyze the individual dose level of occupational external radiation of radiation workers in medical institutions in Zhenjiang City,provide a reference for the radiation protection management of medical institutions in Zhenjiang City and protect the health of radiation workers. Methods According to the GBZ 128-2019 Code for Personal Monitoring of Occupational External Radiation,the thermoluminescence dosimetry system was used to monitor the personal dose of external radiation to radiation workers. The radiation workers who were monitored four times a year were included in the study,the annual effective dose monitoring results of radiation workers in different years,occupational categories and levels of hospitals were analyzed,and the causes of abnormal dose were analyzed. Results A total of 4 900 individuals were collected for dose monitoring,and the number of people monitored increased year by year,with a total continuous monitoring rate of 80.9%. The median annual effective dose per capita of radiation workers was 0.84 mSv. 70.3% of radiologists had an annual effective dose <1.0 mSv. There was statistically significant difference in the per capita annual effective dose among different years（H=342.267,P<0.01）,the per capita annual effective dose in 2022 and 2023 was lower than that in 2019,2020,and 2021（all P<0.05）,and the per capita annual effective dose in 2021 was lower than that in 2019 and 2020（all P<0.05）. There was statistically significant difference in the per capita annual effective dose among radiation workers in different occupational groups（H=99.583,P<0.01）. The median annual effective dose per capita of interventional radiology workers was lower than that of diagnostic radiology and dental radiology（both P<0.05）. There was no statistically significant difference among other occupational groups. There was a statistically significant difference in the median per capita annual effective dose value among different levels of hospitals（H=32.980,P<0.01）,and the per capita annual effective dose value of radiation workers in secondary hospitals was lower than that of tertiary hospitals and primary and ungraded hospitals,with statistically significant difference（P<0.05）. From 2019 to 2023,a total of 457 people had ≥1.25 mSv in a single monitoring cycle,accounting for 2.10% of the total number of monitoring person-times. There were 71 cases in which the monitored dose >5 mSv,and the abnormal dose was mainly due to the personal dosimeter being misplaced in the irradiation range（48.8%）. Conclusions From 2017 to 2019,the monitoring value of external radiation dose of radiation workers in medical institutions in Zhenjiang City is far lower than the national standard. It is necessary to continue to strengthen supervision,standardize personal dosage wearing standards,and enhance continuous monitoring. More attention should be paid to grassroots health institutions in radiation health management to ensure the health of radiation workers.

Analysis on monitoring results of key occupational diseases in a district of Chengdu City from 2021 to 2023

CHEN Mengxi, HU Jinyu, WEN Ya, LU Lanxin, CHEN Xiaobo

2025, 41(3):  294-298. 

Asbtract ( 47 )   PDF (571KB) ( 25 )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To analyze the monitoring results of key occupational diseases and workplace occupational hazard factors in a district of Chengdu City from 2021 to 2023,master the health level of workers and the exposure of hazard factors within the jurisdiction,assess the risk of major occupational diseases,and provide a theoretical basis for formulating and improving the prevention and control strategy of key occupational diseases in the jurisdiction. Methods The declaration information of enterprises with key occupational hazard factors,the occupational health examination cases of workers,and the field monitoring data of occupational hazard factors in the workplace in a District from 2021 to 2023 were collected through the relevant monitoring system. Excel software and R4.3.2 software was used to organize and summarize the data and statistical analysis. Results From 2021 to 2023,425 enterprises with key occupational disease hazard factors were monitored in a district of Chengdu City,and 17 926 exposed workers were monitored. 29 105 workers received occupational health examination,there were three cases of new occupational diseases,and there was no statistically significant difference in the detection rate among different years. The detection rate of suspected occupational diseases was 0.06%,the difference in the detection rate between different years was statistically significant（P<0.05）,and the annual change showed a downward trend. The detection rate of occupational contraindicated syndrome was 0.72%,and the detection rate of abnormal special examination indicators was 6.48%. There were statistically significant differences in both detection rates among different hazard factors and different years（all P<0.05）,and both showed an obvious downward trend. The qualified rate of posts in active monitoring enterprises for key occupational hazard factors in workplaces was 91.91%,while the qualified rate of points was 90.69%,and only noisy posts and points exceeded the standard,but the difference was statistically significant in the qualified rate of noisy posts among different years（P<0.05）,and the annual change showed an upward trend. Conclusion The situation of occupational disease prevention and control in a district of Chengdu City has improved in the past three years,but it is still necessary to strengthen the control of workplace noise hazards,urge enterprises to actively carry out occupational hazard project declaration,and increase the frequency of occupational health monitoring for workers exposed to key occupational hazard factors to prevent the occurrence of key occupational diseases within the jurisdiction.

Occupational health risk assessment for key posts exposed by cement dust in cement industry in Dalian City

SHAO Xiaocui, JIANG Hongmei, WANG Yanyan

2025, 41(3):  299-302. 

Asbtract ( 78 )   PDF (435KB) ( 16 )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To evaluate the occupational health risk of key posts exposed to cement dust in cement industry in Dalian City,explore the applicability of three risk assessment methods in occupational health risk assessment of dust positions. Methods Totally 13 cement production enterprises in Dalian City from 2019 to 2022 were selected to carry out occupational investigation and detection. Three risk assessment methods were used to assess the occupational health risk levels of packaging and loading positions,including semi-quantitative comprehensive index method,semi-quantitative contact ratio method and quantitative method of International Council on Mining and Metals（ICMM）. Results A total of 172 cement dust samples were collected from packaging and loading positions. The total dust concentration was 0.70-21.13 mg/m³,and respirable dust concentration was 0.33-7.57 mg/m³. The results of semi-quantitative comprehensive index method showed that the occupational health risk of total dust and respirable dust in two packaging positions were high risk,and the other positions were medium risk. The semi-quantitative contact ratio showed that packaging and loading positions were moderate risk. The results of ICMM quantitative evaluation showed that there were three intolerable risk positions among packaging and loading positions for occupational health risk levels,one high risk position and nine tolerable risk positions. The risk assessment results of ICMM quantitative method and semi quantitative comprehensive index method showed positive correlation（r_s=0.475,P<0.05）. Conclusions The semi-quantitative comprehensive index method and semi-quantitative contact ratio method are used to evaluate the risk level of packaging and loading positions,and most positions are medium risk. The results of the two methods are basically consistent,and the assessment results of total dust and respirable dust are consistent. The risk level evaluated by ICMM quantitative method is higher than semi-quantitative composite index method and semi-quantitative contact ratio method. The semi-quantitative composite index method and the semi-quantitative exposure ratio method underestimate the occupational health risk level of the positions with short exposure time but high dust concentration,and play a poor role in early warning of occupational diseases. For positions with short exposure time but high dust concentration,ICMM quantitative method is more appropriate to assess the risk level.

Noise and dust hazards in stone processing industry in Guangxi from 2020 to 2023

FU Songwen, LIANG Danyu, HUANG Xiang, ZHOU Benjian, HUANG Ji, NIE Chuanli

2025, 41(3):  303-308. 

Asbtract ( 55 )   PDF (685KB) ( 16 )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To understand the occupational health status and variation tendency of stone processing industry in Guangxi from 2020 to 2023,provide reference basis for occupational disease prevention and control work. Methods The monitoring data of occupational hazard factors in Guangxi stone processing enterprises from 2020 to 2023 were collected through the monitoring system of occupational hazard factors in the workplace,and the data were analyzed. Results From 2020 to 2023,the qualification rates of noise and dust were 18.4%-24.4% and 62.9%-97.6% respectively,of which the qualification rate of silica dust was 59.8%-96.4%,and the qualification rates of other types of dust were 100.0%. The noise qualification rate of micro enterprises was 14.6%-32.7%,which showed a decreasing trend with the year（P<0.05）. For micro enterprises and small enterprises,the qualification rate of silica dust were 59.8%-99.0% and 59.8%-93.9% respectively,the coverage rate of occupational health examination in the previous year were 2.9%-58.8% and 12.5%-78.2% respectively,the rate of occupational health examination of workers in the previous year were 1.7%-51.9% and 15.9%-77.3% respectively,the coverage rate of occupational health training for enterprise leaders were 42.9%-92.2% and 58.3%-93.6% respectively,the coverage rate of occupational health training for occupational health management personnel were 51.4%-92.2% and 64.6%-95.7% respectively,the coverage rate of occupational health training for workers were 51.4%-88.2% and 58.3%-92.7% respectively,the occupational health training rate of workers were 47.5%-83.6% and 47.1%-89.1% respectively,and all showed an increasing trend with the year（all P<0.05）. In 2020 and 2021,the noise qualification rate of micro enterprises was significantly higher than that of small enterprises,and in 2022,the noise qualification rate of micro enterprises was significantly lower than that of small enterprises. In 2021,the issuance rates of anti-dust respirator and anti-noise earplugs in micro enterprises were significantly lower than those in small enterprises. In 2023,the standard wearing rate of anti-noise in micro enterprises and the coverage rate of occupational health examination in the previous year were significantly lower than those in small enterprises. In 2020,2021 and 2023,the occupational health examination rate of workers in micro enterprises in the previous year was significantly lower than that in small enterprises（all P<0.05）. Conclusions The dust qualification rate of stone processing enterprises in Guangxi increase gradually from 2020 to 2023,the noise exceeds the standard seriously,which has a large potential occupational disease hazard. The enterprises are paying more and more attention to occupational health management,but there are still management deficiencies,especially micro enterprises,and occupational health supervision and technical guidance should be strengthened.

Research on comprehensive management scheme of scattered acid mist in plating workshop of a machine shop in Xi'an City

SUN Yuxi, XING Yafei, LIU Cang, WANG Ming, MENG Rongrong, LIU Siqi

2025, 41(3):  309-314. 

Asbtract ( 51 )   PDF (3213KB) ( 20 )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To understand the situation of excessive concentrations of harmful substances such as hydrochloric acid mist during the electroplating process in the workshop,provide reference guidelines for the rational design of a side suction exhaust system for the electroplating workshop. Methods In July 2023,the plating workshop of a machine shop in Xi'an City was selected as the research object. The occupational hygiene on-site investigation,on-site testing,theoretical analysis and calculation,simulation and numerical analysis and other methods were used to calculate the air volume demand of the exhaust system,propose a comprehensive management scheme for scattered acid mist,and verify the improvement effect. Results Following on-site inspection and testing,it was found that the measured total air volume of the current ventilation system is 11 057.04 m³/h,which does not meet the actual exhaust volume requirements. The required air volume for the side exhaust system in the electroplating workshop was recalculated,and the design proposal was improved. The numerical simulations demonstrated that the calculated air volume meets the exhaust requirements of the system. The original air velocity at the exhaust hood openings in the electroplating workshop ranged from 3.4 m/s to 0.292 m/s,with an unevenness index of 0.65. After plan optimization,the maximum air velocity at the exhaust hood openings reached 12.984 m/s,with a minimum of 12.032 m/s,and an air velocity unevenness index of 0.03,indicating significant improvement in performance. Conclusions The excessive concentration of hydrochloric acid mist in the plating workshop is caused by insufficient air volume of the exhaust system,inadequate wind pressure,serious corrosion of exhaust facilities and pipes,and unreasonable design of exhaust hoods. After improvement and verification,the comprehensive management scheme has a good control effect on hydrochloric acid mist.

Detection and analysis of occupational hazard factors in a precision casting manufacturing Co.,LTD of Shaanxi Province

MENG Yuan, ZHANG Ningning, SHI Hanwen, LIANG Kai, WANG Zhenzhen, QI Baoning

2025, 41(3):  315-318. 

Asbtract ( 51 )   PDF (604KB) ( 55 )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To detect and analyze the occupational hazard factors in a precision casting manufacturing Co.,LTD of Shaanxi Province,provide suggestions on occupational disease prevention and worker health for the company. Methods In accordance with relevant national standards and requirements,the field investigation and professional testing methods were applied to detect and analyze occupational hazard factors in a precision casting manufacturing Co.,LTD of Shaanxi Province from November to December 2022. Results The occupational hazards of a precision casting manufacturing co.,LTD in Shaanxi Province mainly included silica dust,noise and high temperature. In the working environment,the concentration of free silica in the air was 95.3%,which led to the dust exposure of paste workers,shell workers,gate workers and automatic gate workers on the precision casting production line exceeding the occupational exposure limit. Except for shell workers,other workers were exposed to 40 h equivalent sound level of 65.4-84.3 dB（A）,and the wet bulb globe temperature（WBGT） index of heat treatment workers was 24.6 ℃. The detection results were in line with the occupational exposure limits. Conclusion The dust,noise and high temperature of the company are all above the standard,and effective preventive measures should be taken to control them.

Investigation on occupational health hazard and personnel occupational health status in an engine manufacturing enterprise of Changzhou City

LU Minxia, TAN Lifeng, YIN Jie, LI Yingmei, FU Qiang

2025, 41(3):  319-322. 

Asbtract ( 53 )   PDF (513KB) ( 17 )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To analyze the current situation of occupational health hazards and the occupational health status of workers in an engine manufacturing enterprise of Changzhou City,propose preventive measures,thereby providing references for the occupational health management of similar factories. Methods The data from the status quo evaluation and testing results in an engine manufacturing enterprise of Changzhou City in 2022 and occupational health examination records from 2020 to 2023 were collected and analyzed. And a field investigation on occupational health was conducted in an engine manufacturing enterprise of Changzhou City. Results The key occupational health hazards identified in an engine manufacturing enterprise of Changzhou City included silica dust,noise and hand-transmitted vibration,with high risk positions being found in molding,core making,cast cleansing,assembly and commissioning. The free silica contents in the molding,core-making and casting cleaning positions were 50.3%-85.3%,and the silica dust over-limit rates of all positions reached 100.0%. The noise in the commissioning position was extremely harmful with an over-limit rate of 100.0%.It was moderately harmful with over-limit rate of 47.6% and 24.5% respectively in the casting cleaning and assembly positions,and slightly harmful in the molding（33.3%） and core-making positions（37.5%）. The over-limit rate of hand-transmitted vibration in the cast cleaning and assembly positions was 100.0% and 57.1% respectively. In the occupational health examination,16 employees were found to have contraindications to high temperature（11.51%）,21 have contraindications to noise（7.89%）,and 23 employees were suspected of suffering from occupational noise deafness（11.17%）. There was a statistically significant difference in the detection rates of target diseases among different positions（P<0.05）. Conclusions The engine manufacturing enterprise of Changzhou City is one with severe occupational health hazards. The concentration and intensity of silica dust,noise and hand-transmitted vibration are beyond the limits. Noise has already caused certain health damage to workers. The engine manufacturing enterprise of Changzhou City should strengthen the control of silica dust and noise,provide high-quality individual protective equipment,regularly carry out occupational health examination,and properly dispose of personnel detected with target diseases.

Occupational health risk level of manganese exposed workers in moped manufacturing industry evaluated by EPA inhalation model

YAN Yunqiao, MA Weiwei

2025, 41(3):  323-327. 

Asbtract ( 51 )   PDF (642KB) ( 16 )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To assess the occupational health risk level of manganese exposed workers in welding position of moped manufacturing industry. Methods In 2023,two typical moped manufacturing enterprises in Wuxi City were selected to evaluate the occupational health risks of manganese exposed workers in welding positions by using the inhalation model of U.S. Environmental Protection Agency（EPA）. Results The EPA model was used for non carcinogenic risk assessment of manganese and its compounds,and it was found that welding positions in both enterprises showed high risk,with the risk values of 238-1 468. However,the evaluation results of the GBZ/T 229.2-2010 Classification of Occupational Disease Hazards in the Workplace Part 2：Chemicals showed that the welding positions of these two enterprises were classified as relatively harmless to mild hazard. Conclusion The inhalation risk assessment model of U.S. EPA has higher sensitivity to manganese exposure positions in moped manufacturing enterprises,and can more effectively identify dangerous operations,and quantify the hazard degree according to the risk value,so as to help determine key positions and take corresponding prevention and control measures.

Risk of telomere length changes due to smoking,perinatal smoking

XIA Xiaoxiao, LI Lunlan, DING Peipei, WANG Ting, CHEN Mengmeng

2025, 41(3):  328-335. 

Asbtract ( 40 )   PDF (2091KB) ( 19 )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To explore the risk of telomere length changes due to smoking,perinatal smoking by two two-sample Mendelian randomization（MR）. Methods The genetic data of smoking（2018） and perinatal smoking（2018） from the genome-wide association study（GWAS） were used as instrumental variables,and the genetic data of telomere length from the GWAS（2021） were used for two-sample MR analysis. The inverse variance weighting（IVW） method was used for the analysis,and the weighted median method（WME） and Mendelian randomization-egger（MR-Egger） regression method were used as supplements. The odds ratio（OR） and 95%CI were used to estimate the risk of telomere length change caused by smoking and perinatal smoking compared with non-smokers.The OR value was used to estimate the risk of telomere length change caused by perinatal smoking compared with smokers. The Cochran's Q test,MR-Egger intercept method,MR-PRESSO and leave-one-out method were used for sensitivity analysis. Results A total of 35 single nucleotide polymorphisms（SNP） associated with smoking and 16 SNP closely associated with perinatal smoking were screened as instrumental variables. The IVW results showed that compared with non-smokers,the risk of shorter telomere length was increased by 25%[OR=0.75（95%CI：0.66-0.85）,P<0.05] and 37%[OR=0.63（95%CI：0.52-0.76）,P<0.05] for smoking and perinatal smoking,respectively.Compared with smokers,perinatal smoking may increase the risk of shorter telomere length,and this speculation was verified by WME results[OR=0.77（95%CI：0.67-0.89）,P<0.05;OR=0.67（95%CI：0.53-0.85）,P<0.05]. The MR-Egger method and MR-PRESSO did not find horizontal pleiotropy of the two MR results（both P>0.05）. The Cochran's Q results showed that there may be some heterogeneity（all P<0.05）,but the funnel plot did not find significant heterogeneity. Conclusion The genetic prediction shows that smoking and perinatal smoking are associated with the risk of shorter telomere length compared with non-smokers.Compared with smokers,perinatal smoking is more likely to lead to shorter telomere length.

Study on genotoxicity of chromosomal aberrations in vitro of electronic cigarettes

BU Zhichao, WANG Zhenyi, XU Helei, JIA Yuling, ZHOU Donghua, WEI Na

2025, 41(3):  336-340. 

Asbtract ( 88 )   PDF (602KB) ( 39 )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To study the genotoxicity of chromosomal aberration in vitro of electronic cigarette under good laboratory practices（GLP）. Methods In accordance with the requirements of International Conference on Harmonization of Technical Requirements for Registration of Pharmaceuticals for Human Use（ICH）S2（R1） and Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development（OECD） Test Guideline 473 chromosomal aberration test,the Chinese hamster fibroblast cell line（CHL） were used,the final exposure concentrations of Yuekehuanying e-cigarette liquid were set at 409.4,136.5,45.5 and 15.2 μg/mL,while a solvent control group,cyclophosphamide and mitomycin-positive group were set up. The cells were harvested after exposure for approximately 4 hours（with or without metabolic activation system,S9） and approximately 24 hours（without S9）. The cells were counted by Trypan blue staining. After hypotonic,fixed,droplet,and Giemsa staining,1 000 metaphase phase cells and at least 300 metaphase division phase cells were observed to analyze the aberration types. Fisher's exact probability method was used to compare statistical differences. Results Under each exposure condition,no test articles were deposited when cells were collected. The relative cell population multiplication（%） was >50% under each exposure condition for approximately 4 hours with or without S9 metabolic activation system and for approximately 24 hours with or without S9,and the cell division index and the inhibition rate of the division index were within the normal range,and no apparent cytotoxicity was observed. There was no significant increase in the chromosome aberration rate of CHL cells. Conclusion Under the conditions of this study,the electronic cigarettes do not cause a significant increase in the chromosome structural aberration rate of CHL cells,so the results of this experiment are negative.

Simultaneous detection of 10 kinds of common organic toxicants in workplace by a portable ion trap mass spectrometer technique

ZHUANG Xiaozhou, CAI Xiaoxuan, LI Siyan, CHEN Manlian, CAI Muwei

2025, 41(3):  341-344. 

Asbtract ( 31 )   PDF (1142KB) ( 44 )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To establish a method for simultaneously detecting ten kinds of common organic toxicants in workplace by a portable ion trap mass spectrometer technique. Methods The instrument probe was used for sampling and detection. The samples were separated with DB-5MS chromatographic column. The retention time and characteristics of the ions by ion trap mass spectrometry were used for qualitative analysis,and standard curve method was used for quantitative analysis. Results The qualitative results of the self-built ion trap mass spectrometer library were more reliable than those of the NIST mass spectrometer library. The determination of common organic toxicants were linear relation in the concentration range of 2.00-50.0 ppb,and the linear correlation coefficients were all >0.999 0. The minimum detection concentration was 0.05-0.30 μg/m³,and the minimum quantitation concentration was 0.16-1.02 μg/m³. The within-run and the between-run relative standard deviation were 1.6%-5.4%（n=6） and 1.0%-4.1%（n=6） respectively,and the standard recovery rate was 95.3-101.3%. Multiple organic toxicants in the workplace had no interference with the measurement results. Conclusion This method is suitable for simultaneous determination of common organic toxicants in workplace,and the sensitivity and minimum detection limit of this method are superior to that of portable quadrupole mass spectrometry.

Analysis on contamination status of foodborne pathogenic bacteria in 14 types of commercially available foods in Cangzhou City from 2014 to 2023

ZHAO Lingling, ZHENG Shaohui, ZHANG Rui, GUO Xiaoyue, LU Junrong, WANG Chundong

2025, 41(3):  345-350. 

Asbtract ( 70 )   PDF (666KB) ( 17 )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To understand the contamination status of foodborne pathogenic bacteria in commercially available foods from 2014 to 2023,provide data support for food risk assessment and effective regulation. Methods In accordance with the "Work Program for the Implementation of National Food Safety Risk Monitoring Plan in Hebei Province",2 491 food samples of 14 categories were collected in Cangzhou City from 2014 to 2023,and 17 types of foodborne pathogens were detected,including Listeria monocytogenes,Vibrio parahaemolyticus,Staphylococcus aureus,Bacillus cereus,Salmonella and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and the data were statistically analyzed. Results A total of 408 positive strains were detected in 2 491 samples tested from 2014 to 2023,with a detection rate of 12.66%. The detection rate was the highest in 2016（32.63%） and the lowest in 2020（4.07%）. The highest detection rate of pathogenic bacteria was Pseudomonas aeruginosa（21.43%） and the lowest was Vibrio traumaticus（0.86%）. There was statistically significant difference in the detection rate among different years（χ²=139.512,P<0.05）. Vibrio parahaemolyticus was the most seriously contaminated in 2017 among the 10 years,with 41.56%. The difference in the detection rates of Vibrio parahaemolyticus was statistically significant among different years（χ²=42.561,P<0.05）. Among 14 types of food,the detection rate of Vibrio parahaemolyticus was the highest in aquatic products and their products（19.22%）. The farmers' markets had the most severe contamination among the five sampling locations,with 20.24%. The difference in the detection rate was statistically significant among various sampling locations（χ²=15.267,P<0.05）. Conclusion There is contamination of foodborne pathogenic bacteria in commercially available foods in Cangzhou City of Hebei Province,and the health supervision department should strengthen supervision efforts to reduce the occurrence of foodborne diseases and ensure people's food safety.

Mediating effect of professional identity in nursing work environment and career success of clinical nurses in traditional Chinese medicine hospitals

HOU Dan, HE Yanling, LAN Jing

2025, 41(3):  351-355. 

Asbtract ( 62 )   PDF (607KB) ( 19 )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To explore the mediating effect of professional identity in the nursing work environment and career success of clinical nurses in traditional Chinese medicine hospitals. Methods In November 2023,using the convenience sampling method,272 clinical nurses in traditional Chinese medicine hospitals of Yibin City were selected as the research subjects. A status quo survey was conducted using the general information form,the nursing work environment scale,the nurses' occupational identity scale,and the nurses' sense of career success scale,and the data were analyzed. Results The scores of nursing work environment,nurses' occupational identity and career success of 272 clinical nurses in traditional Chinese medicine hospitals were （121.47±23.41）,（121.94±21.43） and （40.01±9.18）points,respectively. In the univariate analysis,the differences in the scores of nursing work environment,nurses' professional identity,and career success were statistically significant among clinical nurses of different academic degrees,marital statuses,job titles,salaries,contract types,and professional titles（all P<0.05）. The nursing work environment and nurses' professional identity were positively correlated with career success（r=0.711,0.589,both P<0.01）. The nursing work environment had a direct positive predictive effect on career success of nurses in traditional Chinese medicine hospitals（β=0.74,P<0.05）,and nurses' professional identity had a partially mediating effect on nurses' career success（β=0.226,P<0.05）,which the mediating effect accounted for 26.81%. Conclusion The nursing managers should actively build a good nursing work environment to enhance nurses' identification with their own professional values,thus stimulating nurses' sense of career success.

Analysis on factors influencing disease risk perception and health intervention intention in prehypertensive population

XU Juan, LIN Yao, HE Zhaoxia, NING Jiaqiong, SUN Liang

2025, 41(3):  356-362. 

Asbtract ( 96 )   PDF (1153KB) ( 12 )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To investigate the current situation of disease risk perception and health intervention intention among prehypertensive population,analyze relevant influencing factors,and provide a basis for promoting primary prevention of hypertension. Methods Totally 562 individuals with prehypertension who underwent health examinations at the Health Management Center of Wenjiang District People's Hospital in Chengdu City from July to December 2023 were selected. A self-made general information survey questionnaire,lifestyle questionnaire,disease risk perception,and health intervention intention scale were used for the survey to construct a structural equation path analysis model for the influencing factors of health intervention intention in the prehypertension population. SPSS 26.0 and AMOS 24.0 software were used for statistical analysis and the construction,fitting,and evaluation of a structural equation path analysis model. Results Among the prehypertensive population,379 people were willing to undergo health intervention,while 183 people were unwilling to undergo health intervention. The average score of disease risk perception was （111.20±8.66）points,and the average score of lifestyle was （68.59±11.77）points. The results of univariate analysis showed that there were statistically significant differences in health intervention intention among prehypertensive population in terms of gender,age,systolic blood pressure,diastolic blood pressure,body mass index（BMI）,education level,marital status,occupation,residential situation,health status,and family history of hypertension（all P<0.05）. The correlation analysis results showed that the susceptibility,severity,benefits,health motivation,self-efficacy and lifestyle were positively correlated with health intervention intention（all P<0.05）,while the obstacle was negatively correlated with health intervention intention（P<0.01）. The path analysis model fits well,and the fitting results showed that the disease risk perception,occupation,health status,lifestyle,and family history of hypertension have a direct impact on health intervention intention,while the gender,age,education level,and diastolic blood pressure have an indirect impact on health intervention intention（all P<0.01）. Conclusion The health intervention intention of prehypertensive population is influenced by various factors,among which gender,age,educational level,occupation,family history of hypertension,disease risk perception,and lifestyle are important influencing factors of health intervention intention in prehypertensive population.

Analysis on epidemic characteristics of notifiable infectious diseases in Binzhou City from 2013 to 2022

MA Hongnan, GAO Yanling, GUO Hui, YANG Yongzhi, SONG Chunhua

2025, 41(3):  363-368. 

Asbtract ( 51 )   PDF (3991KB) ( 27 )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To analyze the epidemic characteristics of the 30 notifiable diseases reported in Binzhou City from 2013 to 2022,and providing data support for the accurate formulation of the prevention and control program of notifiable diseases in the local area in the later stage,and also providing reference for infectious disease prevention and control work in other regions. Methods The data of 30 legal infectious diseases in Binzhou City from 2013 to 2022 entered by China Disease Prevention and Control Information System were described and analyzed,and the trend of incidence rate of legal infectious diseases in this region was drew. Results From 2013 to 2022,Binzhou reported a total of 172 880 cases of 30 notifiable diseases,with an average annual incidence rate of 881.57/100 000 population,demonstrating a "wave" pattern. A total of 117 deaths were recorded,resulting in an average annual mortality rate of 0.60/100 000 population. The highest average incidence was observed for other infectious diarrheal diseases（282.34/100 000）,followed by hand-foot-mouth disease（211.16/100 000）,hepatitis B（200.32/100 000）,tuberculosis（43.57/100 000） and influenza（43.30/100 000）. Notifiable infectious disease cases were reported all over the Binzhou city（cities and countrysides）. Among them,Bincheng District had the highest incidence rate（737.19/100 000）,followed by Boxing County（553.48/100 000） and Yangxin County（533.38/100 000）. The incidence peak of notifiable infectious diseases in Binzhou occurred from June to August with a secondary peak from December to January of the following year. The majority of cases were concentrated among children under five years old,with males having a higher proportion than females（χ²=6 312.033,P<0.01）. Farmers accounted for the largest percentage of cases（38.79%）,followed by scattered children（34.91%）,children in nursery care（8.73%） and students（6.21%）. Conclusions The overall incidence of notifiable diseases in Binzhou City from 2013 to 2022 is relatively high. Relevant departments should formulate scientific and reasonable prevention and control measures based on the epidemiological characteristics of above infectious diseases in the region,so as to accurately and efficiently reduce the incidence of notifiable infectious diseases in Binzhou.

Study on correlation between psychological resilience and perceived stress,cognitive and emotional regulation,family function among NBC medical rescue teams

WU Xiaochen, ZHAO Zibo, GUO Peiqian, HAN Jiaxiang, ZHANG Wei

2025, 41(3):  369-372. 

Asbtract ( 51 )   PDF (538KB) ( 15 )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To investigate the psychological resilience of nuclear,biochemical and chemical（NBC） medical rescue teams, explore its influencing factors,and provide a basis for targeted psychological resilience interventions in the future. Methods In June 2023,119 NBC medical rescue team members were selected by convenient sampling method among three units of PLA. A questionnaire survey was performed by using the Connor-Davidson resilience scale（CD-RISC）,cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire（CERQ）,Chinese perceived stress scale（CPSS）,and family APGAR index（APGAR）,and the data were analyzed. Results The total score of psychological resilience of NBC medical rescue teams was （70.83±15.94）points. Age,perceived stress, family functioning,and refocusing on planning entered the regression equation（β=-3.646,-0.688,2.814,1.380,all P<0.01）,explaining 48.4% of the total variation in psychological resilience. Conclusions The psychological resilience of NBC medical rescue teams is at a moderate to high level,and age,perceived stress,family functioning,and refocusing on planning are major influencing factors of the psychological resilience of NBC medical rescue teams. In the future,it is necessary to focus on middle-aged and young soldiers with weak family functions,and intervene in their psychological resilience from the perspectives of perceived stress levels and emotional regulation strategies.

Construction and application of occupational health management model based on game theory

WANG Luyang, DING Xiaowen, BI Mingli, CHEN Zhenfang, WANG Xiaoshun, Li Hongmei

2025, 41(3):  373-377. 

Asbtract ( 64 )   PDF (763KB) ( 28 )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To construct a game theory-based occupational health management model and verify its effectiveness. Methods From July 2021 to June 2022,a game model involving three parties at different levels was built,and the existing occupational health management work of anrefinery enterprise was optimized according to the model analysis results. The paired t test and Wilcoxon rank sum test were used to compare and analyze the changes in occupational health management before and after the establishment of the model. Results The total expected return of all parties in the game was negatively correlated with the cumulative mean of occupational health production cost input at each level. The expected return of participants was positively correlated with the detection rate of violations θ_i. The expected return of operators outside the device was negatively correlated with the assessment F₁ they may suffer. Before and after the application of the model,the total number of punishment assessment decreased by 30,the number of company-level punishment decreased by 18,the number of department-level punishment decreased by 15,and the number of reward assessment increased by 23,with statistically significant differences（P<0.05）,while the number of device-level punishment increased by 3,with no statistically significant difference（P>0.05）. Conclusion It is feasible to optimize the occupational health management of enterprises by using the game theory model,which can provide new approaches for occupational health management.

Analysis of the mediating effect of psychological resilience between Type D personality and post-traumatic stress disorder in emergency nurses

CHEN Xiaohua, WANG Miao, YANG Hui

2025, 41(3):  378-383. 

Asbtract ( 47 )   PDF (730KB) ( 12 )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To investigate the current status of Type D personality,psychological resilience and post-traumatic stress disorder（PTSD） among emergency nurses,analyze their correlations,and verify the mediating role of psychological resilience between Type D personality and PTSD. Methods Using convenience sampling method,240 emergency nurses in four grade-A tertiary general hospitals in Haikou City were surveyed by the general information questionnaire,Type D personality scale-14,psychological resilience scale,and the civilian version of the post-traumatic stress disorder scale from September to December 2023. Descriptive analysis,univariate analysis,correlation analysis and multiple linear stepwise regression analysis were used to analyze related influencing factors. AMOS 26.0 software was used to establish a structural equation model,and the mediating role of psychological resilience on the relationship between Type D personality and PTSD was analyzed by the Bootstrap test. Results The total score of Type D personality among emergency nurses was （19.94±12.02）points,the total score of psychological resilience was （59.35±12.06）points,and the total score of PTSD was （29.65±7.99）points. Correlation analysis showed that Type D personality was negatively correlated with psychological resilience（r=-0.265--0.523,all P<0.01） and positively correlated with PTSD（r=0.444-0.685,all P<0.01）. Psychological resilience was negatively correlated with PTSD（r=-0.327--0.676,all P<0.01）. Multiple linear stepwise regression analysis showed that Type D personality and psychological resilience were influencing factors of PTSD in emergency nurses（both P<0.01）. Psychological resilience played a partial mediating role between Type D personality and PTSD,and the mediating effect accounted for 40.44% of the total effect. Conclusion The Type D personality of emergency nurses in grade-A tertiary general hospitals in Haikou not only has a direct impact on PTSD,but can also have an indirect impact on PTSD through psychological resilience. Nursing managers can carry out interventions targeting Type D personality and psychological resilience,so as to effectively prevent and improve PTSD among emergency nurses.

Qualitative study on demand of health science popularization among residents ≥55 years old in Xinjiang communities

LU Qingyong, Gulibahaer Kadeer, LIU Yangqi, ZHANG Siyi, Xierkuli Halike, WEI Xueyu

2025, 41(3):  384-389. 

Asbtract ( 46 )   PDF (1286KB) ( 29 )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To understand the current situation of demand of health science popularization by interviewing residents ≥55 years old in the community,listen to relevant suggestions,so as to provide empirical basis for improving the work of science popularization for the elderly. Methods From February to July 2023,a convenient sampling method was used to conduct personal in-depth interviews with 232 residents ≥55 years old in the three regions of southern,northern and eastern Xinjiang. The content induction method and thematic framework analysis were used to analyze the results. Results At present,the way of knowledge acquisition for residents ≥55 years old was mainly mass or interpersonal communication. The content of science popularization took disease prevention and control（34.05%）,traditional Chinese medicine health care（27.08%） as the primary demand. The communication channels of science popularization took radio/TV programs（26.93%）,community/medical institutions（23.70%）,network/mobile media（20.47%） as the primary source. The column of science popularization took online network media（56.44%） as the primary demand. The most acceptable forms of science popularization were pictures（26.58%）,sounds（26.37%） and interpersonal interaction（25.74%）. And 23.71% of the respondents said they did not understand science popularization. Conclusion The residents ≥55 years old are willing to accept the popularization of health knowledge,and it is particularly important to broaden the content of science popularization,innovate communication channels,integrate multiple forms,and strengthen the organizational communication to provide scientific,easy-to-understand,practical,and interesting popular science knowledge.

Development of labor literacy scale for undergraduate nursing students and testing of reliability and validity

WANG Jiayu, WU Qiyao, MIAO Hui, WANG Liyan, CAO Ting, WANG Shanshan

2025, 41(3):  390-394. 

Asbtract ( 54 )   PDF (734KB) ( 23 )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To develop a labor literacy scale for undergraduate nursing students and test its reliability and validity. Methods The literature review,Delphi expert consultation and pre-investigation were used to revise and filter scale items,to form the first draft of the scale. From May to June 2023,450 undergraduate nursing students from a university in Tianjin were selected to conduct a questionnaire survey to test the reliability and validity of the scale. Results There were four dimensions and 22 items in the labor literacy scale for undergraduate nursing students. The total Cronbach's α coefficient of the scale was 0.929,the Cronbach's α coefficients of each dimension were 0.738-0.906,and the split-half reliability was 0.866.The content validity index of the total scale was 1.00. Four common factors were selected in exploratory factor analysis,and the cumulative variance contribution rate was 61.502%. The confirmatory factor analysis showed that the model fit well. Conclusion The reliability and validity of the labor literacy scale for undergraduate nursing students is good,which can be used to measure the labor literacy of the undergraduate nursing students.

Analysis on influencing factors of death attitude of clinical medical students based on dimensions of entering into society and escaping from society,meaning of life and perceived stress

ZHANG Zhenwei, LI Junwan, ZHANG Dongjun

2025, 41(3):  395-398. 

Asbtract ( 50 )   PDF (497KB) ( 19 )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To know the understanding of death among clinical medical students and the influencing factors of their attitude towards death. Methods From January to February 2023,1 019 students from four grades（class of 2019 to 2022） of clinical medicine in medical colleges of Xinxiang City were randomly selected as the research objects. The death attitude scale,entering into society and escaping from society scale,short form perceived stress scale,meaning in life scale,and general situation survey were used to understand their attitude towards death,and the data were analyzed. Results The scores of attitude to death were （37.93±4.19）points in urban students and （36.92±4.97）points in rural students;（35.36±4.75）points in 2022 grade students,（38.16±4.97）points in 2021 grade students,（37.91±4.34）points in 2020 grade students,（38.16±3.92）points in 2019 grade students; （35.21±5.10）points in 18 year sold students,（37.52±4.51）points in 19 year sold students,（38.17±4.65）points in 20 year sold students,（37.14±4.24）points in 21 year sold students,（38.38±4.45）points in 22 year sold students. There were statistically significant differences in the scores of attitude to death among clinical medical students in different places of origin,grades and ages（all P<0.05）. The perceived stress,and entering into society factor scores were positively correlated with death attitude scores（all P<0.05）. The grade,life meaning experience,self-efficacy belief,escaping from society scores were negatively correlated with death attitude scores（all P<0.05）. Conclusions The clinical medical students of lower age,lower grade,and in rural areas are more rational when facing death. The perceived stress,entering into society experience,grade,life meaning experience,self-efficacy belief,escaping from society attitude are the main influencing factors of attitude towards death. The higher the levels of perceived stress and the attitude towards entering into society,more rational attitude towards death. The lower levels of grade,life meaning experience,self-efficacy belief,escaping from society,more rational attitude towards death.

Meta-analysis of the incidence and influencing factors of myopia in children and adolescents in China

LIU Qingwei, GUO Li, FAN Aiping, ZHANG Heng, GAO Fan, XIN Shu

2025, 41(3):  399-404. 

Asbtract ( 97 )   PDF (753KB) ( 98 )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To systematically evaluate the prevalence and influencing factors of myopia in children and adolescents in China over the past decade. Methods This study searched multiple databases using a computer and included relevant literature from January 1,2013 to September 10,2023. The quality of the included literature was evaluated by the quality evaluation criteria of the cross-sectional study of the American Healthcare Research and Quality Bureau（AHRQ）,and meta-analysis was conducted using Sata 16.0 software. Results A total of 19 articles were included,covering 1 329 784 study subjects,of which 742 649 children and adolescents were diagnosed with myopia. The meta-analysis results showed that the incidence of myopia in Chinese children and adolescents in China was 60.0%（95%CI：0.56%-0.64%,P<0.01）,and the risk of myopia in girls was much higher than that in boys（OR=1.51,95%CI：1.39-1.62）. Continuous close-range eye use for ≥ 1 hour,grade level,frequent lying down or screen reading, no eye exercises per day,less than 1 hour of outdoor activity per day,myopia of one or both parents,average daily sleep time less than 8 hours,average daily use of electronic equipment internet time ≥2 hours,and excessive homework time per day were all independent risk factors for myopia in children and adolescents in China（all P<0.05）. Regularly adjusting the height of student desks and chairs according to their height,using roof lights and desk lamps at the same time while reading and writing at home after dark,and resting outdoors during breaks were protective factors for Chinese children and adolescents（all P<0.05）. Conclusion The incidence of myopia in children and adolescents in China is at a relatively high level,and the myopia rate continues to increase with grade. Its occurrence is influenced by multiple factors. Society should pay more attention to the visual condition of children and adolescents,guide them to develop correct eye habits,and strengthen the intervention measures for myopia.

Health Management and Research

Current situation investigation and countermeasures research of continuing medical education projects in primary healthcare institutions in Tianjin

WEI Huiyun, YE Mei, YU Jingbo

2025, 41(3):  405-409. 

Asbtract ( 45 )   PDF (847KB) ( 12 )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To conduct a survey on the current situation and countermeasures of continuing medical education projects in primary medical institutions,which not only meets the needs of improving the professional quality of grassroots health technicians,but also effectively promotes the extension of continuing medical education projects to the grassroots level,and it can also provide reference for the formulation of relevant national health policies and the development of continuing medical education projects. Methods The data of continuing medical education projects were retrieved from the Tianjin Continuing Medical Education Management Platform,national and Tianjin municipal continuing medical education project information feedback system,and archives of continuing medical education projects in Tianjin over the years were reviewed,to retrospectively analyze the application and approval status of national and municipal continuing education projects in primary healthcare institutions in Tianjin from January 2019 to December 2023,and the data were analyzed. Results The primary healthcare institutions in Tianjin have not applied for national continuing education projects from January 2019 to December 2023. The application for continuing education projects in Tianjin municipal level accounted for 0.11%（5/4 540） of the total medical institutions,and approval accounted for 0.03%（1/3 362）. There was a statistically significant difference in the approval rate of Tianjin municipal level continuing education projects between primary and non-primary healthcare institutions. The approval rate of primary healthcare institutions applying for municipal level continuing education projects（20.0%） was significantly lower than that of non-primary healthcare institutions（74.1%）（P<0.05）. The number of applications and approvals for continuing education projects in primary healthcare institutions in Tianjin was relatively small,showing no significant growth trend. Conclusion The primary healthcare institutions in Tianjin should strengthen the transformation of continuing education model,closely integrate with grassroots needs,enrich training methods,standardize process management and evaluation,propose practical and feasible development strategies,and improve the overall level of continuing medical education projects in primary healthcare institutions.

Overview

Advances in study of job burnout among disease prevention and control personnel

WANG Danlei, PENG Ziyi, ZHANG Na, FANG Qing, XIAN Min, QIU Wuqi

2025, 41(3):  410-414. 

Asbtract ( 66 )   PDF (675KB) ( 35 )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

The Outline of the Healthy China 2030 Plan clearly puts forward the implementation of the Healthy China strategy,and the health work should be changed from "disease-centered" to "health-centered",emphasizing the importance of public health services,and disease prevention and control personnel are the main implementers and duty-bearers of public health tasks. As the "gatekeepers" of epidemic prevention and control and public health safety,disease prevention and control personnel bear greater health responsibilities and work pressure,and have become a group with high incidence of job burnout. The job burnout not only jeopardizes the physical and mental health of disease prevention and control personnel,but also adversely affects the society. The paper reviews relevant literature and materials,summarizes the job burnout situation of disease prevention and control personnel in terms of the definition of burnout,assessment tools,and the current status of domestic and international research,explore the factors affecting disease prevention and control personnel's burnout from the personal,institutional,and social levels,and put forward the corresponding improvement measures,in order to provide references for stabilizing the disease prevention and control talent team and strengthening the construction of the public health talent team.

Research progress of nudge theory in field of health behavior

SHANG Huixiang, QUAN Mingtao, LUO Siyi

2025, 41(3):  415-419. 

Asbtract ( 84 )   PDF (749KB) ( 91 )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

China continues to promote the development of individual and social health work,the prevention of any disease is inseparable from healthy behavior,but most people are difficult to make behavior changes for their own health. The previous studies have shown that it is particularly important to conduct in-depth research on health behavior from a theoretical perspective,and nudge theory provides a theoretical framework for health behavior intervention. The nudge theory is a new hot topic in the field of health in recent years. It is a behavioral intervention theory based on behavioral economics and positive psychology,which can promote the change of public health behavior and has strong popularization. This paper reviews the concept and origin of nudge theory. On this basis,the application of nudge theory in the field of health behavior is reviewed from the aspects of diet health,disease control behavior,substance addiction,public health and disease prevention,and the future prospect of nudge theory in the field of health behavior is also discussed. This will provide reference for improving the application of nudge theory in the field of health behavior,help Healthy China,and improve the level of national nutrition and health.

Advances in role of miR-296 in fibrosis-related diseases

WANG Chenyu, YE Lifang, LIU Su

2025, 41(3):  420-424. 

Asbtract ( 60 )   PDF (561KB) ( 21 )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

The fibrosis is an excessive repair response of the organism,which can lead to a variety of tissue and organ dysfunctions manifested by fibroblast activation,proliferation and excessive deposition of extracellular matrix. The microRNA（miRNA） is not only directly involved in the process of multi-organ fibrosis,but also the expression level is affected by the degree of fibrosis,which is a key regulatory factor. In recent years,miR-296 has been found to be dysregulated in fibrosis-related diseases,targets genes involved in fibrosis signaling pathways such as TGF-β and JAK2/STAT3,inflammatory response,cell apoptosis,autophagy,collagen synthesis,and capillary injury through targeted regulation,fibroblast proliferation,epithelial mesenchymal transition,synthesis and degradation of extracellular matrix,and regulates fibrosis process. The paper reviews the mechanism of miR-296's involvement in fibrosis-associated diseases and its potential in the diagnosis and treatment of fibrosis-associated diseases.

Research progress on prosocial behavior of nursing students

MIAO Hui, WANG Jiayu, WANG Shanshan

2025, 41(3):  425-428. 

Asbtract ( 49 )   PDF (538KB) ( 26 )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Prosocial behavior refers to a series of positive behaviors generated by individuals in maintaining common interests and social relationships with others,including giving help,sharing with others,and working together. Nursing students are an important cornerstone of the development of nursing profession,and improving their prosocial behavior is an important step in the process of nursing students gradually growing into clinical nurses. This paper reviews the concept,theoretical basis,evaluation tools,research status,influencing factors and outcome variables of prosocial behavior of nursing students,aiming to provide reference for formulating effective intervention measures and improving the level of prosocial behavior of nursing students in the future.

Progress on the application of painting art therapy in adolescent mental health

LU Sha, DAI Xiatong, ZHU Jinli, QIN Yang, YU Guilin

2025, 41(3):  429-432. 

Asbtract ( 65 )   PDF (632KB) ( 105 )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Adolescents are in a critical period of transition from childhood to adulthood,and their psychological characteristics are reflected in their tendency to try and seek new experiences,high vulnerability and low-risk perception,as well as a strong desire for independence and an internal pursuit of self-identity. In recent years,mental health problems among adolescent have been constantly emerging,and effective psychological intervention is crucial for maintaining their physical and mental health. Painting art therapy is a psychological therapy that uses painting as a medium,combining fun and concealment,and has been widely used both domestically and internationally. This paper mainly expounds the development history,definition,and advantages of painting art therapy at home and abroad,reviews the research progress of painting art therapy in adolescent mental health,and provide reference for the future research on painting art therapy in adolescent mental health in China.