Abstract: Objective To explore the evaluation method for estimating the biological dose of chromosomal aberrations in peripheral blood lymphocytes,objectively evaluate the laboratory testing ability,and promote the improvement of testing level. Methods Based on the data submitted by the national participating laboratories in 2023,analyze the problems of existing evaluation methods,and study and improve methods that can objectively evaluate laboratory testing capabilities. Results According to the radiation doses of 1.6,2.7,and 3.7 Gy,the Z-score evaluation method showed that the pass rate of the A categories 3.7 Gy group was lower than that of the deviation evaluation method,while the pass rates of other groups were higher than that of the deviation evaluation method. There were no statistically significant difference in the pass rate between the two evaluation methods in A categories 2.7 Gy group and 3.7 Gy group（both P>0.05）,while there was statistically significant difference in other groups（all P<0.05）. The average estimated dose reported by each group was lower than the irradiation dose,indicating a negative deviation. Except for the B categories 1.6 Gy group,which had a relatively small relative irradiation dose deviation（-1.88%）,the deviation of the other groups ranged from -11.48% to -20.54%,and the variation level ranged from 12.63% to 20.81%. The estimated average value of laboratories using self-constructed curves was slightly higher than that of laboratories using national standard recommended curves,but the difference was not statistically significant（P>0.05）. Using the estimated mean value of each group as the target value and using the probability t to determine the allowable error range can conveniently evaluate the testing ability of the participating laboratories. Conclusion The existing evaluation methods have not consider the characteristics of this test and the actual situation of participating laboratories uniformly,and needs to be gradually improved in terms of determining target values and allowable error ranges in combination with specific circumstances.

Key words: Chromosome aberration, Inter laboratory capacity evaluation, Laboratory, Testing, Method