关键词: 废旧家电拆解公司, 职业危害因素, 噪声, 粉尘, 防控对策

Abstract:

Objective To understand the occupational hazards present in a typical waste household appliance dismantling enterprise located in central Shaanxi Province，and to propose effective prevention and control measures to protect the health of workers. Methods In accordance with national legal standards and requirements，an on-site investigation and professional testing were conducted from December 2022 to January 2023 at the workplace of a typical waste household appliance dismantling enterprise in central Shaanxi Province，the results were calculated，analyzed，and evaluated. Results The main occupational hazards in this enterprise were dust and noise. The concentration of other dust at the material handling post on the air conditioning line in the production workshop was 9.4 mg/m³，and at the dismantling post on the washing machine line，it was 9.9 mg/m³. The calculated equivalent sound level over 40 hours for the dismantling workers in the production workshop（washing machine line） and the dismantling and feeding workers at crushing station 1# and 2# in the crushing workshop（washing machine line） exceeded 85 dB（A）. The noise intensity at the 2# feeding post in the crushing workshop was the highest，with a maximum value of 100.5 dB（A），exceeding the standard by 15.5 dB（A），which does not comply with occupational exposure limits. Conclusion This enterprise demonstrated exceeded standards for both dust and noise，indicating a significant occupational hazard. The production enterprise should actively implement effective measures to improve ventilation，dust removal，and noise control to ensure the occupational health of its workers.

Key words: Waste household appliance dismantling company, Occupational hazard factors, Noise, Dust, Prevention and control measures