职业与健康 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (13): 1735-1739.

• 论著—职业卫生与职业相关疾病 • 上一篇    下一篇

福建省福厦泉三市护工职业倦怠现状及影响因素分析

魏文灿1, 许瑶炜2, 刘畅3, 聂所成3()   

  1. 1 平潭综合实验区医院福建 平潭 350400
    2 厦门市仙岳医院厦门医学院附属仙岳医院,福建省精神医学中心,福建省精神疾病临床医学研究中心福建 厦门 361012
    3 长江大学精神卫生中心长江大学精神卫生研究所,荆州市荣军优抚医院,荆州市精神卫生中心湖北 荆州 434000
  • 收稿日期:2025-03-18 修回日期:2025-09-10 出版日期:2026-07-01 发布日期:2026-07-14
  • 通信作者: 聂所成
  • 作者简介:聂所成,E-mail:1395992748@qq.com
    魏文灿,男,主治医师,主要从事精神卫生工作。

Analysis of the current status and influencing factors of job burnout among nursing assistants in Fuzhou,Xiamen and Quanzhou City,Fujian Province

WEI Wencan1, XU Yaowei2, LIU Chang3, NIE Suocheng3()   

  1. 1 Pingtan Comprehensive Experimental Area HospitalPingtanFujian 350400, China
    2 Xiamen Xianyue HospitalXianyue Hospital Affiliated Xiamen Medical College,Fujian Psychiatric Center,Fujian Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders,XiamenFujian 361012, China
    3 Yangtze University Mental Health CenterMental Health Institute of Yangtze University,Jingzhou Rongjun Special Care Hospital,Jingzhou Mental Health Center,JingzhouHubei 434000, China
  • Received:2025-03-18 Revised:2025-09-10 Online:2026-07-01 Published:2026-07-14
  • Contact: NIE Suocheng

摘要:

目的 了解福建省护工职业倦怠现状及其影响因素,为缓解护工职业倦怠提供理论依据和建议。方法 本研究采用横断面调查,于2023年11月—2024年3月对福州、厦门、泉州三市2 079名在岗护工进行问卷调查。使用职业倦怠量表评估护工职业倦怠状况,并运用 SPSS 25.0 软件对护工社会人口学及职业因素进行Mann-WhitneyU、Kruskal-WallisH检验、Spearman相关分析及Logistic回归分析探讨其影响因素。结果 护工职业倦怠3个维度中,情感衰竭维度条目得分为MP25P75)为15.0(7.0,20.0)分,玩世不恭维度条目得分为12.0(4.0,16.0)分,低成就感维度条目得分为14.0(8.0,20.0)分。Spearman相关分析显示,性别、年龄、离家在外、户籍、受教育程度、家庭月收入、与被照顾者同住、经过护理技能培训、日均工作时长、过去1个月照护病重者天数、职业满意、离职意愿均与职业倦怠呈显著相关(r=-0.198、0.074、-0.166、-0.083、-0.218、-0.223、-0.166、0.146、-0.125、-0.111、0.181、-0.316,均P<0.01)。Logistic回归分析结果显示,有离职意愿、与被照顾者同住、离家在外、偶尔照顾病重者和男性均是职业倦怠的独立危险因素(OR=3.623、1.779、1.766、1.730、1.638,均P<0.05),高中以上文化、高家庭月收入、经过护理技能培训、日均工作时长≥9 h和职业满意均是职业倦怠的保护因素(OR=0.373、0.533、0.510、0.479、0.309,均P<0.05)。结论 福建省福厦泉三市护工职业倦怠受多种因素影响,管理部门应积极关注护工的心理状态,并及时采取针对性干预措施,以降低职业倦怠水平,促进护工队伍的稳定发展。

关键词: 护工, 护理员, 职业倦怠, 情感衰竭, 影响因素, 福建省

Abstract:

Objective To investigate the current status and influencing factors of job burnout among nursing assistants in Fujian Province,providing theoretical basis and recommendations for alleviating job burnout in this population. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted from November 2023 to March 2024 among 2 079 nursing assistants in Fuzhou,Xiamen,and Quanzhou City. Job burnout was assessed using the Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey(MBI-GS). Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS 25.0 software. The Mann-WhitneyU test,Kruskal-WallisH test,Spearman correlation analysis and binary Logistic regression were employed to explore the influencing factors between burnout and sociodemographic as well as occupational factors. Results Among the three dimensions of job burnout,the scores[MP25P75)] of emotional exhaustion,cynicism, and reduced personal accomplishment were 15.0(7.0,20.0),12.0(4.0,16.0),and 14.0(8.0,20.0)points,respectively. Spearman correlation analysis showed that job burnout was significantly associated with gender,age,working away from home,household registration type,educational level,monthly household income,cohabitation with care recipients,participation in nursing skills training,average daily working hours,number of days caring for critically ill patients in the past month,job satisfaction,and turnover intention(r=-0.198,0.074,-0.166,-0.083,-0.218,-0.223,-0.166,0.146,-0.125,-0.111,0.181,-0.316,allP<0.01). Logistic regression analysis indicated that turnover intention,cohabitation with care recipients,working away from home,occasionally caring for critically ill patients,and being male were independent risk factors for job burnout(OR=3.623,1.779,1.766,1.730,1.638, allP<0.05). In contrast,having a high school education or above,higher household income,completion of nursing skills training,working ≥9 hours per day,and job satisfaction were identified as protective factors(OR=0.373,0.533,0.510,0.479,0.309,allP<0.05). Conclusion Job burnout among nursing assistants in Fuzhou,Xiamen and Quanzhou City,Fujian Province is influenced by multiple factors. Relevant authorities should actively pay attention to the psychological state of nursing workers and take targeted intervention measures in a timely manner to reduce the level of burnout and promote the stable development of the nursing assistant workforce.

Key words: Nursing assistants, Nursing workers, Job burnout, Emotional exhaustion, Influential factors, Fujian Province

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