职业与健康 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (14): 1975-1979.

• 论著—环境与健康 • 上一篇    下一篇

2015—2023年北京市公共场所集中空调通风系统监测结果分析

何立伟, 贾予平, 曹文婧, 杜晨蕾, 姚晓慧, 赵锐()   

  1. 北京市疾病预防控制中心北京 100013
  • 收稿日期:2025-09-05 修回日期:2025-10-29 出版日期:2026-07-15 发布日期:2026-07-16
  • 通信作者: 赵锐,E-mail:zhaorui_0@126.com
  • 作者简介:何立伟,男,主管医师,主要从事环境卫生工作。

Analysis of monitoring results of heat,ventilation,and air conditioning systems in public places in Beijing from 2015 to 2023

HE Liwei, JIA Yuping, CAO Wenjing, DU Chenlei, YAO Xiaohui, ZHAO Rui()   

  1. Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and ControlBeijing 100013, China
  • Received:2025-09-05 Revised:2025-10-29 Online:2026-07-15 Published:2026-07-16
  • Contact: ZHAO Rui,E-mail:zhaorui_0@126.com

摘要:

目的 了解北京市公共场所集中空调通风系统卫生状况,包括空调系统新风量及送风质量、空调部件卫生质量和嗜肺军团菌污染情况,分析影响因素,为加强公共场所集中空调卫生管理提供数据支持和科学依据。方法 汇总、分析2015—2023年北京市公共场所集中空调通风系统新风量、送风中细菌总数、真菌总数、β-溶血性链球菌及可吸入颗粒物、空调部件表面积尘量、细菌总数及真菌总数、冷凝水和冷却水中嗜肺军团菌等指标的监测数据。结果 2015—2023年北京市公共场所集中空调通风系统合格率基本保持稳定,总体合格率为92.83%(23 564/25 385);城区、非城区合格率分别为93.30%和92.09%,城区合格率高于非城区(χ2=13.323,P<0.05);医院候诊室、住宿、购物和其他类场所合格率分别为89.76%、93.49%、95.41%和97.24%,各类场所间合格率差异有统计学意义(χ2=279.030,P<0.05)。各监测项目中,送风中细菌总数、送风中真菌总数和新风量合格率分别为72.29%、82.34%和85.69%,其余项目合格率均高于90%。采用全空气系统的集中空调送风中细菌总数、真菌总数、β-溶血性链球菌及可吸入颗粒物4项指标合格率均高于空气-水系统(χ2=62.319、35.858、7.483、7.755,均P<0.05)。结论 2015—2023年北京市公共场所集中空调通风系统总体合格率处于较高水平,仍需关注送风质量,增强管理。

关键词: 环境卫生, 公共场所, 室内环境, 集中空调, 送风质量, 嗜肺军团菌

Abstract:

Objective To investigate the sanitary condition of heating,ventilation,and air conditioning(HVAC) systems in public places in Beijing,including the fresh air volume,supply air quality,the sanitary status of system components,and Legionella pneumophila contamination. The influencing factors were also analyzed to provide data support and a scientific basis for enhancing the sanitary management of HVAC systems in public places. Methods The monitoring data of total bacterial count(TBC),total fungal count(TFC),β-hemolytic streptococcus(BHS) and inhalable particles(PM10) in the supply air,TBC,TFC,and dust accumulation on the surface of the air condition parts,Legionella pneumophila in cooling/condensate water and fresh air volume rate per person of HVAC systems in public places in Beijing from 2015 to 2023 was summarized and analyzed. Results The overall qualification rate of HVAC systems in public places in Beijing remained stable from 2015 to 2023,with an overall qualification rate of 92.83%(23 564/25 385). The qualification rate in urban and non-urban areas was 93.30% and 92.09%,respectively,with urban areas having a higher qualification rate than non-urban areas(χ2=13.323,P<0.05). The qualification rates of hospital waiting room,accommodation,shopping center and other places were 89.76%,93.49%,95.41% and 97.24%,respectively,showing a statistically significant difference(χ2=279.030,P<0.05). The qualification rates of TBC,TFC in air supply and fresh air volume rate per person were 72.29%,82.34% and 85.69%,respectively,while qualification rates for other indicators exceeded 90%. The qualification rates of TBC,TFC,BHS and PM10 in the supply air of air handling unit(AHU) systems were higher than those of fan-coil unit(FCU) with fresh air systems(χ2=62.319,35.858,7.483,7.755,all P<0.05). Conclusion The overall qualification rate of HVAC systems in public places in Beijing was at a high level from 2015 to 2023. However,it is still necessary to pay attention to the quality of air supply and enhance management.

Key words: Environmental health, Public place, Indoor environment, Heat, ventilation, and air conditioning system, Supply air quality, Legionella pneumophila

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