心理资本与职业生涯成功在低年资护士工作环境与自我能力否定倾向间的链式中介效应

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的探讨心理资本与职业成功在低年资护士工作环境与自我能力否定倾向之间的作用机制，为低年资护士的管理及干预提供参考。方法 2024年8—9月，采用便利抽样法，选择保定市第一中心医院低年资护士为研究对象，采用一般资料表、中文版CLANCE自我能力否定倾向量表、心理资本量表、护理职业工作环境量表和护士职业成功量表进行现状调查，使用SPSS 26.0和AMOS 26.0软件对数据进行统计分析。结果 257名低年资护士自我能力否定倾向总均分为（50.24±14.01）分，职业生涯成功总均分为（40.04±8.67）分，心理资本总均分为（92.19±17.83）分，职业工作环境总均分为（101.13±22.91）分。单因素分析显示，低年资护士在学历、婚姻状态、职务、工资、护理工作热爱度等因素与职业工作环境、心理资本、职业成功和自我能力否定倾向得分比较，差异均有统计学意义（均P<0.05）。Pearson相关分析显示，低年资护士职业工作环境与心理资本、职业成功感间均呈正相关（r=0.825、0.714，均P<0.01），心理资本与职业成功感间呈正相关（r=0.760，P<0.01），而自我能力否定倾向与职业工作环境、心理资本、职业成功感间均呈负相关（r=-0.361、-0.373、-0.364，均P<0.01）。结构方程模型分析表明，心理资本在低年资护士职业工作环境与自我能力否定倾向间发挥部分中介作用，效应值=0.098，相对效应占比为15.53%；职业成功感也在其中发挥部分中介作用，效应值=0.114，相对效应占比为18.07%；心理资本与职业成功感在低年资护士工作环境与自我能力否定倾向间发挥中介作用，效应值=0.037，相对效应占比为5.86%。结论低年资护士自我能力否定倾向处于中等偏上水平，其中心理资本与职业成功感在职业工作环境与自我能力否定倾向间发挥中介作用。未来，医院管理者和护理教育者应加强对低年资护士的支持，帮助其减少自我能力否定倾向，促进职业成长与心理健康。

关键词: 职业工作环境, 心理资本, 职业成功, 中介效应, 自我能力否定倾向

Abstract:

Objective To explore the mechanism of psychological capital and career success on the relationship between the work environment of junior nurses and imposter phenomenon，in order to provide reference for the management and intervention of junior nurses. Methods From August to September 2024，a convenience sampling method was used to select junior nurses from Baoding First Central Hospital as the research subjects. A cross-sectional survey was conducted using a general information questionnaire，the Chinese version of the Clance impostor phenomenon scale，psychological capital scale，nursing practice environment scale，and the nurse career success scale. SPSS 26.0 and AMOS 26.0 software were used for statistical analysis. Results The overall average score of impostor phenomenon of 257 junior nurses was （50.24±14.01）points，the overall average score of career success was （40.04±8.67）points，the overall average score of psychological capital was （92.19±17.83）points，and the overall average score of work environment was （101.13±22.91）points. Univariate analysis showed that there were statistically significant differences in the scores of work environment，psychological capital，career success，and impostor phenomenon among junior nurses with different education level，marital status，position，salary，enthusiasm for nursing（all P<0.05）. Pearson correlation analysis showed that work environment of junior nurses was positively correlated with psychological capital and career success（r=0.825， 0.714，both P<0.01），and psychological capital was positively correlated with career success（r=0.760，P<0.01）. Impostor phenomenon was negatively correlated with work environment，psychological capital，and career success（r=-0.361，-0.373，-0.364，all P<0.01）. Structural equation modeling indicated that psychological capital partially mediated the relationship between work environment and impostor phenomenon，with an effect value of 0.098，accounting for 15.53% of the total effect. Career success also played a partial mediating role，with an effect value of 0.114，accounting for 18.07% of the total effect. Psychological capital and career success played a mediating role in the relationship between the working environment of junior nurses and imposter phenomenon，with an effect value of 0.037，accounting for 5.86% of the total effect. Conclusion The imposter phenomenon of junior nurses is at a moderately high level，and psychological capital and career success play a mediating role between work environment and imposter phenomenon. Hospital administrators and nursing educators should provide targeted support to junior nurses to reduce impostor phenomenon and promote their professional development and psychological well-being.

Key words: Work environment, Psychological capital, Career success, Mediation effect, Imposter phenomenon

中图分类号:

R181.31

张秀梅, 张娜, 陈洋, 李青, 王京京, 高敬. 心理资本与职业生涯成功在低年资护士工作环境与自我能力否定倾向间的链式中介效应. [J]职业与健康, 2026, 42(15): 2110-2115.

ZHANG Xiumei, ZHANG Na, CHEN Yang, LI Qing, WANG Jingjing, GAO Jing. Chain mediating effect of psychological capital and career success on the relationship between the work environment of junior nurses and imposter phenomenon. [J]OCCUPATION AND HEALTH, 2026, 42(15): 2110-2115.

图/表 6

参考文献 20

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项目	职业工作环境	心理资本	职业成功	自我能力否定倾向
职业工作环境	1.000
心理资本	0.825^a	1.000
职业成功	0.714^a	0.760^a	1.000
自我能力否定倾向	-0.361^a	-0.373^a	-0.364^a	1.000

项目	职业工作环境	心理资本	职业成功	自我能力否定倾向
职业工作环境	1.000
心理资本	0.825^a	1.000
职业成功	0.714^a	0.760^a	1.000
自我能力否定倾向	-0.361^a	-0.373^a	-0.364^a	1.000

拟合优度指标	χ²/df值	NFI	GFI	CFI	TLI	RMSEA
判断标准	<5.000	>0.900	>0.900	>0.900	>0.900	<0.080
指标数值	2.875	0.935	0.926	0.956	0.945	0.076

拟合优度指标	χ²/df值	NFI	GFI	CFI	TLI	RMSEA
判断标准	<5.000	>0.900	>0.900	>0.900	>0.900	<0.080
指标数值	2.875	0.935	0.926	0.956	0.945	0.076

路径	标准化路径系数	s_x	临界比值	P
工作环境→心理资本	0.281	0.063	14.169	<0.01
心理资本→职业成功	0.444	0.105	4.217	<0.01
工作环境→职业成功	0.388	0.108	3.609	<0.01
职业成功→自我能力否定倾向	-0.295	0.299	-2.986	<0.01
心理资本→自我能力否定倾向	-0.347	0.367	-3.046	<0.01
工作环境→自我能力否定倾向	-0.382	0.373	-3.924	<0.01