职业与健康 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (22): 3025-3028.

• 论著—职业卫生与职业相关疾病 •    下一篇

上海市三级甲等综合性医院临床护理人员心理弹性、社会支持、工作幸福感及职业倦怠的影响因素及中介作用

黄作为1, 王秋霞1, 栾伟1, 朱辉2()   

  1. 1 上海中医药大学附属曙光医院上海 201203
    2 上海市第十人民医院上海 200072
  • 收稿日期:2025-08-12 修回日期:2025-11-16 出版日期:2026-11-15 发布日期:2026-09-20
  • 通信作者: 朱辉,E-mail:shiyuanzuzhiganbu@163.com
  • 作者简介:黄作为,男,助理研究员,主要从事医院管理工作。
  • 基金资助:
    上海中医药大学预算内项目医院管理研究专项(23YGZX02);上海市社科规划一般课题(2020BDS009)

Influencing factors and mediating role of psychological resilience,social support,job well-being and job burnout among clinical nurses in grade-A tertiary general hospitals in Shanghai

HUANG Zuowei1, WANG Qiuxia1, LUAN Wei1, ZHU Hui2()   

  1. 1 Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghai 201203, China
    2 Shanghai 10th People's HospitalShanghai 200072, China
  • Received:2025-08-12 Revised:2025-11-16 Online:2026-11-15 Published:2026-09-20
  • Contact: ZHU Hui,E-mail:shiyuanzuzhiganbu@163.com

摘要:

目的 研究上海市三级甲等综合性医院临床护理人员心理弹性、社会支持、工作幸福感及职业倦怠的相关因素及职业倦怠、社会支持的中介效应,为提升临床护理人员工作幸福感、优化护理工作环境及制定有效干预措施提供理论依据。方法 采用随机抽样法,于2023年6—12月对上海市7家三级甲等综合性医院临床护理人员开展问卷调查,采用心理弹性量表、社会支持量表、工作幸福感量表及职业倦怠量表进行调查,并对数据进行分析。结果 共回收有效问卷1 174份。临床护理人员心理弹性、社会支持、工作幸福感及职业倦怠评分分别为(28.45±6.70)、(53.59±7.30)、(23.34±4.60)和(47.22±6.40)分。不同学历、职称护理人员心理弹性得分比较,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05);不同性别、年龄、学历及职称护理人员职业倦怠得分比较,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05);不同年龄、学历及职称护理人员工作幸福感、社会支持得分比较,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。心理弹性与职业倦怠呈负相关(r=-0.607,P<0.01),与工作幸福感、社会支持均呈正相关(r=0.712、0.623,均P<0.01);职业倦怠与工作幸福感、社会支持均呈负相关(r=-0.693、-0.717,均P<0.01);工作幸福感与社会支持呈正相关(r=0.682,P<0.01)。心理弹性对工作幸福感的非标准化总效应为0.698,直接效应为0.299;职业倦怠和社会支持的中介效应分别为0.207和0.192,分别占总效应的29.656%和27.507%,95%CI均不包含0。结论 职业倦怠和社会支持在心理弹性与工作幸福感的关联中发挥部分中介效应。护理管理者应同时关注职业倦怠缓解和社会支持强化,以促进临床护理人员工作幸福感。

关键词: 临床护理人员, 心理弹性, 职业倦怠, 社会支持, 工作幸福感, 影响因素, 中介作用

Abstract:

Objective To investigate the influencing factors and mediating effects of psychological resilience,occupational burnout,job well-being,and social support among clinical nurses,providing a theoretical basis for improving job well-being,optimizing the nursing work environment,and developing effective intervention measures. Methods A random sampling method was used to select clinical nurses from 7 grade-A tertiary general hospitals in Shanghai from June to December 2023 as the research subjects. Questionnaires were administered using the psychological resilience scale,social support scale,job well-being scale,and occupational burnout scale,and the influencing factors and mediating effects of psychological resilience,social support,job well-being,and occupational burnout were analyzed. Results A total of 1 174 valid questionnaires were collected. The psychological resilience score of clinical nurses in grade-A tertiary general hospitals in Shanghai was (28.45±0.67)points,the social support score was (53.59±0.73)points,the job well-being score was (23.34±0.46)points,and the occupational burnout score was (47.22±0.40)points. The differences in psychological resilience scores among clinical nurses with different educational backgrounds and professional titles were statistically significant(both P<0.05). The differences in job burnout scores among clinical nurses with different genders,ages,educational backgrounds,and professional titles were statistically significant(all P<0.05). The differences in job well-being and social support scores among clinical nurses with different ages,educational backgrounds,and professional titles were statistically significant(all P<0.05). The psychological resilience of clinical nursing staff was negatively correlated with job burnout(r=-0.607,P<0.01),and positively correlated with job well-being and social support(r=0.712,0.623,both P<0.01). Job burnout was negatively correlated with both job well-being and social support(r=-0.693,-0.717,both P<0.01),while job well-being was positively correlated with social support(r=-0.682,P<0.01). The non-standardized total effect of psychological resilience on work well-being was 0.698,with a direct effect of 0.299. The mediating effects of job burnout and social support were 0.207 and 0.192, accounting for 29.656% and 27.507% of the total effect, respectively, with 95%CI not including 0. Conclusion Job burnout and social support play partial mediating roles in the association between psychological resilience and work well-being. Nursing managers should simultaneously address job burnout mitigation and social support enhancement to promote the work well-being of clinical nursing staff.

Key words: Clinical nurses, Psychological resilience, Job burnout, Social support, Job well-being, Influencing factors, Mediating role

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