公交司机工作相关肌肉骨骼疾患患病现状、影响因素及预防措施的研究进展

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

本文综述了公交司机工作相关肌肉骨骼疾患（work-related musculoskeletal disorders，WMSDs）的患病现状、影响因素及防治措施。公交司机因长期处于受限姿势和不良姿势、全身及手臂振动暴露和高心理压力，是WMSDs的高危人群。国内外研究显示，不同国家或地区WMSDs患病率存在显著异质性，其中腰部和颈部是一致的高发部位。影响公交司机WMSDs的因素复杂，涵盖个体因素、职业因素、环境因素及社会心理因素四大类。可通过特定预防措施来减少公交司机的危险因素暴露，进而控制WMSDs的发生，主要措施包括健康知识宣教、工效学及心理健康相关的职业培训、驾驶环境优化及社会支持体系建设。目前研究仍存在样本代表性不足、多因素交互作用分析欠缺等问题。未来需开展大样本量纵向队列研究，深化发病机制探索及多因素交互作用分析，开发更具针对性的干预措施，为提升公交司机职业健康水平提供科学依据。

关键词: 肌肉骨骼疾患, 公交司机, 患病现状, 危险因素, 工效学, 预防措施

Abstract:

This study reviews the current status，influencing factors，and prevention and control measures of work-related musculoskeletal disorders（WMSDs） among bus drivers.Bus drivers are at high risk of WMSDs due to prolonged restricted postures，poor postures，whole-body and hand-arm vibration exposure，and high psychological stress.Studies at home and abroad have shown significant heterogeneities in the prevalence of WMSDs across different countries or regions，with the lower back and neck being consistently high-incidence sites.The influencing factors of WMSDs in bus drivers are complex，covering four major categories：individual factors，occupational factors，environmental factors，and psychosocial factors.Currently，specific preventive measures can be adopted to reduce bus drivers' exposure to risk factors and thereby control the occurrence of WMSDs.The main measures include health promotion，occupational training related to ergonomics and mental health，optimization of the driving environment，and establishment of a social support system.Existing studies still have limitations such as insufficient sample representativeness and inadequate analysis of multi-factor interaction effects.In the future，it is necessary to conduct large-sample longitudinal cohort studies，deepen the exploration of pathogenesis and analysis of multi-factor interaction effects，and develop more targeted intervention measures to provide a scientific basis for improving the occupational health level of bus drivers.

Key words: Musculoskeletal disorders, Bus drivers, Prevalence status, Risk factors, Ergonomics, Preventive measures

中图分类号:

R135

李垚奇, 次松, 扎西德吉. 公交司机工作相关肌肉骨骼疾患患病现状、影响因素及预防措施的研究进展. [J]职业与健康, 2026, 42(22): 3163-3168.

LI Yaoqi, CI Song, ZHAXI Deji. Research progress on the prevalence status，influencing factors，and preventive measures of work-related musculoskeletal disorders among bus drivers. [J]OCCUPATION AND HEALTH, 2026, 42(22): 3163-3168.

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