关键词: 工作场所, 职业危害因素, 重点行业, 职业卫生

Abstract:

Objective To monitor the current status of occupational disease hazards in the workplaces of key industries in Hainan Province from 2019 to 2023，and provides a scientific basis for the formulation of prevention and control policies for occupational disease in Hainan Province. Methods The monitoring data on workplace occupational hazards in key industries in Hainan Province from 2019 to 2023 were collected，the trend chi-square test was used to analyze the trend of their occupational disease hazards monitoring，enterprise occupational hygiene training status，workers' occupational health examinations，personal protective equipment and enterprise occupational disease hazards testing. Results A total of 1 088 enterprises were monitored from 2019 to 2023，of which the scale of enterprises was mainly small and micro，accounting for 53.95% and 41.18%，respectively. The over-standard rate of occupational hazards monitoring in enterprises was 54.32%，and the exposure rate of occupational hazards was 36.99%. The over-standard rate in different years showed an increasing trend year by year，while the exposure rate showed a decreasing trend year by year（both P<0.05）. The training rates of enterprise leaders，occupational health managers and workers receiving occupational health-related training were 74.45%，73.07% and 77.87%，respectively，and the training rates showed an increasing trend year by year（all P<0.05）. The abnormal rates of noise，dust and chemical factors in occupational health examinations were 2.52%，2.42% and 0.40%，respectively. The abnormal rates of various health examinations showed an increasing trend（all P<0.05）. The distribution rates of dust masks，noise-proof earplugs or earmuffs and gas masks or masks in enterprises were 84.72%，76.38% and 47.34%，respectively，and the distribution rates showed an increasing trend year by year（all P<0.05）. The setting rates of dust-proof facilities，gas-proof facilities and noise-proof facilities in enterprises were 89.68%，51.60% and 71.51%，respectively，and the setting rates showed an increasing trend year by year（all P<0.05）. The dust monitoring over-standard rate in key industries workplaces and posts/types of work and the noise monitoring over-standard rate in posts/types of work had been decreasing year by year（all P<0.05）. Conclusion The exposure rate of dust and noise in key industries workplaces and the abnormal rate of occupational health examinations in Hainan Province are relatively high，and the hazards of chemical factors in the workplace cannot be ignored. Strengthening occupational health training and regular monitoring of occupational disease hazards in enterprises throughout the province can reduce the risk of occupational diseases.

Key words: Workplace, Occupational hazard factors, Key industries, Occupational health