Abstract: The foodborne diseases can be caused by a variety of microbes such as bacteria,fungi and viruses. Therefore,rapid and sensitive detection of microorganisms in food is an effective means for ensuring safe food supply and preventing human foodborne infections. It is difficult for conventional methods,such as colony counting,microscopic analysis and immunological methods,to meet these detection requirements because they are often tedious and time-consuming. The near infrared（NIR） spectrum is a molecular vibration spectrum,which is very sensitive to the change of membrane structure. Thus,the NIR spectrum of each bacterium has a highly specific absorption signature. Moreover,NIR spectroscopy technology has the superiority in fast and non-destructive determination,and has been widely used in microbiological detection. The paper briefly introduces the principle of NIR spectroscopy,pretreatment methods and calibration methods,summarizes the main advances of this technique in the detection of food microorganisms,as well as the follow-up problems that need to be solved in the detection of food microorganisms using this technology,so as to provide support for the wider application of this technology in the field of food microbiology detection.

Key words: Near infrared spectroscopy, Food, Microbiological detection, Bacteria, Fungi and their toxins, Viruses