Table of Content

01 June 2024, Volume 40 Issue 11

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Treatise

Investigation on understanding and application of the technical indexes of National Occupational Health Standard（GBZ/T 201.3-2014）

MA Yongzhong, FENG Zechen, BAI Bin, HU Chuanpeng, DU Xiang, LEI Suwen

2024, 40(11):  1441-1447. 

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Objective To investigate and master the status of understanding and application of the technical indexes and existing problems of GBZ/T 201.3-2014 "Radiation shielding specification for radiotherapy room Part 3：Radiotherapy room of γ-ray sources",aiming to provide technical support for the in-depth implementation and further revision and improvement of the standard. Methods According to the WS/T 536-2017 "Guideline for health standards tracking evaluation",the method of combining cluster sampling and stratified sampling was used to select the relevant business personnel of γ-ray source radiotherapy devices,which from 20 provinces（autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government） were confirmed as the survey objects,and a special questionnaire was developed to conduct a questionnaire survey on them. The basic information of investigators and their understanding and application of technical indicators in the standard were collected,and a special database was established for statistical analysis using SPSS 21.0. A total of 259 valid questionnaires were collected,with an effective rate of 98.85%. Results Totally 133 were technology-related investigators and 126 were medical-related investigators. Among the respondents,bachelor degree and associate senior title were the most,accounting for 56.76% and 43.24% of the respondents,respectively. 74.51% of the respondents had 5 years or more of radiotherapy-related work experience,and 42.08% of the respondents had received training of the standard. The number of people who applied the standard at least once a year accounted for 23.17% of the respondents,99.61% of respondents knew the standard to some extent and believed that it was widely used,93.05% of the investigators believed that the performance parameters related to the shielding of the radiotherapy room of γ-ray sources in the standard were complete,98.46% of the investigators believed that the parameters of the example of radiotherapy room of γ-ray sources in appendix of the standard were comprehensive or very comprehensive,89.96% or more of the investigators could correctly identify the location parameters to be considered in the shielding calculation of the radiation therapy room,and 81.47% or more of the investigators could accurately identify the radiation beam types involved in the shielding calculation method. There was no significant difference in determining the rationality of dose-control indexes of radiotherapy room of γ-ray sources among investigators of different categories,educational/academic degrees and technical titles（all P>0.01）. Conclusion GBZ/T 201.3-2014 "Radiation shielding specification for radiotherapy room Part 3：Radiotherapy room of γ-ray sources" basically meets the needs of radiation shielding estimation and protection design in radiotherapy room of γ-ray sources basically. Relevant personnel can correctly understand and apply the technical indicators of the standard,but it should be revised and improved in combination with the problems existing in the implementation of the standard and the need of the radiotherapy equipment and technology with γ-ray sources updating.

Evaluation on comprehensive intervention effects of salt reduction,oil reduction and sugar reduction among residents in Nanjing City

WANG Xiaoyan, JIN Di, CHEN Lin, LI Xiaocheng, GUO Baofu

2024, 40(11):  1448-1452. 

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Objective To evaluate the effect of comprehensive intervention in reducing salt,oil and sugar（"three reductions"） for residents in Nanjing City,so as to provide scientific basis for formulating the "three reductions" strategy. Methods A multistage cluster random sampling method was used to select 240 households from 8 districts of Nanjing City in 2021,and the family members aged ≥2 years were selected as the subjects for the "three reductions" comprehensive intervention,which lasted for 6 months. The "three reductions" knowledge and behavior of the subjects aged ≥12 years old were investigated by questionnaire,and the intake of cooking salt,cooking oil and cooking sugar was investigated by using 24-hour weighing method for 3 consecutive days before and after the intervention. Results A total of 229 families with complete data were included in the analysis. After intervention,the per standard person day intake of cooking salt[M（P₂₅,P₇₅）] was 7.63（4.96,12.00）g,which was lower than before intervention,which was 10.18（6.44,16.37）g. The per standard person day intake of cooking oil was 28.9（513.06,48.99）g,which was lower than before intervention,which was 32.75（20.46,53.82）g. The per standard person day intake of cooking sugar was 3.02（0.00,6.73）g,which was higher than before intervention,which was 2.47（0.00,5.93）g. There were significant differences in the intake of cooking salt,cooking oil and cooking sugar per standard person-day before and after the intervention（all P<0.05）. Totally 461 respondents aged ≥12 years old were included in the survey,and it was found that the scores of "three reductions" knowledge of different groups of people,such as gender,age group and education level,after intervention were higher than before intervention,and the differences were statistically significant（all P<0.05）. In addition to 12-<18 years old group and primary school education and below,the "three reductions" behavior scores of the other groups were higher after intervention than before intervention,and the differences were statistically significant（all P<0.05）. After the intervention,the survey subjects' awareness of salt and edible oil intake standards and the hazards of high salt,oil and sugar was higher than that before the intervention,and their adherence to salt limiting spoon and oil control pot was higher than that before the intervention,and the behavior of eating preserved products and frying and baking food was improved than that before the intervention,with statistical significance（all P<0.05）. Conclusion "Three reductions" comprehensive intervention can effectively improve the awareness rate of salt,oil,and sugar related knowledge among residents,and reduce the intake of cooking salt and cooking oil. However,in the follow-up "three reductions" intervention work,we should focus on increasing intervention efforts to reduce oil and sugar while emphasizing salt reduction,promoting the formation of good dietary habits of residents.

Time series analysis of the impact of daily air temperature on the annual life loss of residents in Zhenjiang City

CHEN Yu

2024, 40(11):  1453-1458. 

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Objective To evaluate the impact of daily average air temperature on the years of life loss（YLL） of residents in Zhenjiang City. Methods Daily meteorological and cause of death data were collected in Zhenjiang City from 2015 to 2022,and the association between daily average air temperature and YLL due to different causes of death was quantified using a distributed lagged nonlinear model. Results The association between daily average air temperature and YLL showed a "U" shaped curve. The impact of high temperature on YLL appeared on the same day and lasted only 2-4 days,while the impact of low temperature on YLL appeared on the 2-4 days with a lag and lasted until 8-10 days. The cumulative effect of high temperature on non-accidental death and circulatory system disease death YLL（95%CI） reached its maximum at a lag of 3 days,which were 164.93（95%CI：125.33-204.52）years and 104.83（95%CI：84.66-125.00）years,respectively. The cumulative effect on respiratory system death YLL（95%CI） reached its maximum at a lag of 7 days,which was 21.50（95%CI：13.17-29.83）years. The cumulative effect of low temperature on non-accidental death,circulatory system disease death and respiratory system disease deaths YLL（95%CI） peaked at a lag of 14 days,which were 149.74（95%CI：46.66-252.82）years,98.10（95%CI：43.06-153.13）years,and 24.69（95%CI：5.79-44.15）years,respectively. The cumulative effect of high temperature on YLL was greater in women than in men,while low temperature only had an impact on the YLL in men. Both high and low temperatures had an impact on YLL of people aged ≥65,but had no impact on people aged <65. Conclusion Both high and low temperatures can significantly increase the YLL of residents in Zhenjiang,and women and people over 65 years old are sensitive to high temperatures,while men and people over 65 years old are sensitive to low temperatures.

Occupational Health and Occupational Diseases

Analysis on epidemiological characteristics of occupational pneumoconiosis in Yangpu District of Shanghai City from 1955-2022

LIU Youshuang, ZHANG Yaying, LIU Yuhua, HAN Xue

2024, 40(11):  1459-1462. 

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Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of occupational pneumoconiosis in Yangpu District of Shanghai City from 1955 to 2022,including incidence characteristics and types,in order to provide scientific basis for the formulation of occupational disease prevention and control strategies,relevant standards,and regulations. Methods All cases of pneumoconiosis reported by occupational disease diagnosis institutions in Yangpu District of Shanghai City were collected and the pneumoconiosis patient information diagnosed from 1955 to 2022 were exported from the China Disease Prevention and Control Information System,to conduct follow-up and retrospective survey,and the data were analyzed. Results A total of 546 cases of pneumoconiosis were investigated,with 115 surviving cases,289 deaths,and 142 lost visits. The diagnosed cases of pneumoconiosis were concentrated between 1970 and 1989（360 cases,accounting for 65.93%）. Most of cases were in phaseⅠ（336 cases,accounting for 61.54%）. The proportion of foundry workers' pneumoconiosis was the highest（243 cases,accounting for 44.51%）,followed by silicosis（212 cases,accounting for 38.83%）. The sex ratio of men and women was 33.125 ∶ 1,and the age of onset was mainly in the age group of 40-<60 years（395 cases,accounting for 72.34%）. The main types of work for the cases were sand cleaners and molding workers（236 cases,accounting for 43.22%）. Conclusions The occupational pneumoconiosis accounts for a significant proportion of all occupational diseases in Yangpu District of Shanghai City from 1955 to 2022,and poses a serious threat to the health of the population. The government and relevant departments should increase thesupervision and law enforcement efforts on occupational pneumoconiosis,and strengthen the publicity and education work on occupational disease prevention and control. The employers should fulfill their main responsibilities,increase investment in occupational protection facilities and equipment,strengthen occupational health training and management,and effectively protect the health of workers.

Correlation analysis of workplace stress,feedback and occupational burnout among nurses in hemodialysis rooms of five general hospitals in Hainan Province

WEN Shihong, XIAO Lei, JIE Qingyu, HU Xia, CHEN Ling

2024, 40(11):  1463-1467. 

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Objective To explore the correlation between workplace stress,feedback and job burnout among nurses in hemodialysis rooms of five general hospitals in Hainan Province. Methods From December 2022 to February 2023,a convenient sampling method was used to select 182 nurses from the hemodialysis rooms of five general hospitals in Hainan Province as the survey subjects. The workplace stress scale,feedback scale,and occupational burnout scale were used for the investigation,and the data were analyzed. Results The workplace stress score of 182 hemodialysis room nurses was（93.62±15.38）points,the feedback score was （61.36±8.84）points,and the occupational burnout score was （59.81±8.72）points. The age,professional title,working years,and night shift frequency were the factors affecting workplace stress among nurses（P<0.05）. The age,professional title,working years,marital status,monthly income and night shift frequency were the factors affecting feedback level of nurses（P<0.05）. The age,professional title,working years,monthly income and night shift frequency were the factors affecting occupational burnout among nurses（P<0.05）. There was a positive correlation between workplace stress and job burnout among nurses in the hemodialysis room（r=0.635,P<0.01）,a negative correlation between feedback and job burnout（r=-0.546,P<0.01）,and a negative correlation between workplace stress and feedback（r=-0.529,P<0.01）. The feedback of nurses in hemodialysis room had a mediating effect between workplace stress and job burnout,with the mesomeric effect of 0.209,accounting for 37.93% of the total effect. Conclusion The feedback among nurses in the hemodialysis room of five general hospitals in Hainan Province is closely related to workplace stress and job burnout,and plays a partial mediating role between workplace stress and job burnout.

Study on occupational health literacy status and influencing factors of laborers in thermal power generation industry in Shanxi Province

JIA Ruizhen, GUO Zhixi, QIN Wenyan, MA Xiaodong, LI Xiuping, SHEN Xinyu

2024, 40(11):  1468-1476. 

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Objective To understand the level of occupational health literacy of laborers in thermal power generation industry in Shanxi Province,master the development of occupational health promotion work in Shanxi Province,analyze the influencing factors,clarify the priority intervention area,and provide scientific basis for carrying out targeted intervention activities and further strengthening the prevention and treatment of occupational diseases. Methods From 2022 to 2023,according to the multi stage sampling method,a questionnaire survey was conducted on 1 131 workers from two large enterprises,three medium-sized enterprises and ten small enterprises in the thermal power generation industry in Shanxi Province by using the National Key Population Occupational Health Literacy Monitoring Survey Individual Questionnaire（Guo tong [2022] No. 10,table number：Wei jian Tong Form 117）. The data were analyzed. Results In this survey,there were 901 males and 230 females,with an age of（40.65±8.81）years old and an occupational health literacy score[M（P₂₅,P₇₅）] of [89.47（80.56,97.22）]points,the number of people with basic occupational health literacy was 872,and the overall level of occupational health literacy was 77.10%,of which the level of literacy in four dimensions：knowledge of occupational health laws,basic knowledge of occupational health protection,basic skills of occupational health protection,and healthy working styles and behaviors were 76.39%,90.10%,46.77% and 94.87%,respectively. The univariate analysis results showed that the differences in the occupational health literacy levels were statistically significant among workers with different literacy level,actual average monthly income,household registration nature,nature of employer,size of employer,weekly working hours,self-assessed health status,occupational stress,and symptoms of depression（all P<0.05）,while the differences in the occupational health literacy levels were not statistically significant among workers with different gender,age,marital status,length of working life,working at night,and anxiety（all P>0.05）. The factors affecting the level of occupational health literacy were age（compared with 18-<30 years old,30-<40,≥50 years old OR=2.124, 2.291）,marital status（compared with unmarried,married OR=0.537）,education level（compared with high school and below,college,bachelor's degree or above OR=0.537,0.440）,actual average monthly income（compared with 0-<3 000 yuan,≥7 000 yuan OR=0.565）,nature of employer（compared with state-owned enterprises,private enterprises OR=0.518）,size of employer（compared with 0-<300 persons,300-<1 000 persons OR=1.978）,weekly working hours（compared with 0-<40 h,workers of ≥55 h OR=1.829）,and depressive symptoms（compared with no depression,moderately severe and severe depression OR=2.920,3.470）（all P<0.05）. Conclusions The overall occupational health literacy level of workers in the thermal power generation industry in Shanxi Province is relatively high,with age,marital status,education level,actual average monthly income,size of employer,weekly working hours,and depressive symptoms being the main influencing factors. In the future,more attention should be paid to people with low health literacy levels,and targeted and personalized health literacy education measures and policies should be developed to further improve occupational health literacy.

Experiment·Monitoring and Inspection

Determination of free formaldehyde in water-based coatings by oil based headspace-gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry

LI Xin, LI Bangrui, LI Tanyao, FENG Jiali, ZENG Dong, CHEN Dongyang

2024, 40(11):  1477-1481. 

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Objective To develop an oil based headspace-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry technique for the determination of free formaldehyde in water-based coatings. Methods N,N-dimethylformamide was treated to remove formaldehyde background and used as a sample dispersant extraction agent,the deuterated methanol was used as an internal standard,and formaldehyde in water-based coatings was detected by headspace-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The internal standard method was used for the quantitative analysis. Results In the range of 1-400 mg/L,the ratio of peak area to internal standard peak area of formaldehyde had a good linear relationship with formaldehyde concentration,and the correlation coefficient（r） was 0.999 4. The recoveries of formaldehyde at low,medium,and high concentration levels in different dosage forms of water-based coatings ranged from 97.5% to 101.8%,with a relative standard deviation between 1.8% and 2.6%. The detection limit was 5 mg/kg,and the quantitative limit was 10 mg/kg. Six different type of water-based coatings in the market were tested,among which formaldehyde was detected in four samples,with the content ranging from 21.5 to 41.8 mg/kg. Conclusions In this method,N,N-dimethylformamide is used as extractant and achieved good dispersion effect for various matrix water-based coating samples,because it has strong dissolving ability for both fat-soluble and water-soluble compounds. Furthermore,it has strong high boiling point and low saturated vapor pressure,which is beneficial to formaldehyde escaping from solution and improved the sensitivity of the method. The matrix interference is effectively reduced by headspace purification and tandem mass spectrometry. The deuterated methanol with molecular structure close to formaldehyde is used as internal standard,which corrects the influence of sample matrix and improved the quantitative accuracy. The method has advantages of simple operation,strong anti-interference ability,high sensitivity,accuracy and reliability.

Effect of tocotrienol on the immune function of mice

ZHANG Shujing, ZHOU Qinghong, LIU Yinghua, ZHANG Jing, QIAN Zhiyong

2024, 40(11):  1482-1485. 

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Objective To understand the effects of tocotrienols on immune function in mice. Methods In accordance with the requirements of the "Technical Specifications for the Testing and Evaluation of Health Foods",three dosage groups（50,75,and 100 mg/kg·BW） and one negative control group were established. After 30 days of oral administration of different doses of tocotrienol,changes in the immune organ-to-body weight ratio,cellular immune function,humoral immune function,mononuclear macrophage function,and natural killer（NK） cell activity were compared among the mice. Results Compared with the control group mice（223.0±6.7）,the HC₅₀ values of the 75 and 100 mg/kg·BW dose groups（238.0±7.3,245.2±7.8） were significantly increased,and the differences were statistically significant（all P<0.05）. The number of antibody producing cells in the 75 mg/kg·BW group of mice[（44.4±5.7）×10³] increased compared to the control group[（36.7±6.2）×10³],and the difference was statistically significant（P<0.05）. The transformation ability of splenic lymphocytes induced by conanavalin A（ConA） promoted by tocotrienol in the 75 and 100 mg/kg·BW groups（0.249±0.042,0.256±0.033） was significantly higher than that in the control group（0.183±0.064）,and the differences were statistically significant（all P<0.05）.The difference in left metatarsal thickness between the 100 mg/kg·BW group of mice before and after sheep red blood cell attack[（0.60±0.14） mm] was significantly higher than that of the control group[（0.47±0.08）mm],and the difference was statistically significant（P<0.05）. The NK cell activity of the 75 and 100 mg/kg·BW groups was 24.8±4.8 and 26.4±7.8,respectively,which was significantly higher than that of the control group（14.2±4.3）,and the differences were statistically significant（both P<0.05）. Conclusion Tocotrienol has an enhancing effect on the immune function of mice.

Food Safety and Nutrition

Analysis on microbial contamination of some retail packaged refrigerated ready-to-eat foods in Beijing City based on metagenomic sequencing

ZHANG Penghang, ZHANG Xiaoai, LIU Yuzhu, LU Zheng, MA Xiaochen, CHEN Qian

2024, 40(11):  1486-1491. 

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Objective To analyze the contamination of pathogenic bacteria and the characteristics of bacterial community in some retail packaged refrigerated ready-to-eat foods in Beijing. Methods In July 2022,65 retail packaged refrigerated ready-to-eat foods were collected in Beijing. Using national standard methods for food microbiological testing,Staphylococcus aureus,Escherichia coli,and Bacillus cereus were counted,and Salmonella,Listeria monocytogenes and diarrheagenic Escherichia coli were isolated and cultured. The macrogenomic sequencing was used to annotate the bacterial communities in food. Results Two samples had Escherichia coli counts >10 CFU/g,seven samples had Bacillus cereus counts >10³ CFU/g,and all samples had Staphylococcus aureus counts <10 CFU/g. Listeria monocytogenes was isolated from five samples,while Salmonella and diarrheagenic Escherichia coli were not isolated. Using metagenomic sequencing to annotate 124 phyla,621 families,2 315 genera,and 11 631 species,it was found that the relative abundance of Escherichia coli,Staphylococcus aureus,Listeria monocytogenes,and Bacillus cereus in two types of packaged refrigerated ready-to-eat foods ranked 3rd,23th,7th,121th,and 8th,5th,13th,287th on the species level,respectively. Conclusion The retail packaged refrigerated ready-to-eat foods in Beijing have pathogenic bacterial contamination,and Listeria monocytogenes is a key focus for prevention and control. The traditional cultivation methods may underestimate the contamination status of pathogenic bacteria,and combined with metagenomic sequencing technology,microbial contamination can be more comprehensively evaluated.

Epidemiology and Preventive Health Care

Chain mediating role of psychological contract and job satisfaction in relationship between perceived organizational support and turnover intention among physicians in Yinchuan City

SI Xiaopeng, XIE Yan, FU Naiyuan, YANG Jianzhen, SHAN Bin

2024, 40(11):  1492-1496. 

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Objective To explore the relationship between the sense of organizational support and turnover intention of physicians in public hospitals in Yinchuan City,analyze the chain mediating role of psychological contract and job satisfaction in the relationship between the two. Methods From April to June 2022,a questionnaire survey was conducted among 337 physicians in four tertiary public hospitals in Yinchuan City by the perceived organizational support（POS）,psychological contract（PC）,job satisfaction（JS） and turnover intention（TI）. Results The total average score of organizational support,psychological contract,job satisfaction and turnover intention among physicians in Yinchuan City was （3.51±0.64）,（4.05±0.45）,（3.51±0.60） and （2.38±0.83）points,respectively. There were statistically significant differences in POS score among physicians with different age,education background,length of service,and professional title（all P<0.05）. There were statistically significant differences in the PC score among physicians with different age and professional title（all P<0.05）. There were statistically significant differences in the scores of JS and TI among physicians with different age,length of service and professional title（all P<0.05）. The POS of physicians was significantly positively correlated with PC and JS（r=0.777,0.764,both P<0.01）,and significantly negatively correlated with TI（r=-0.566,P<0.01）. The PC was significantly positively correlated with JS（r=0.760,P<0.01）,and significantly negatively correlated with TI（r=-0.602,P<0.01）. The JS was significantly negatively correlated with TI（r=-0.661,P<0.01）. The mediation model test showed that independent mediating effects of psychological contract and job satisfaction on the relationship between organizational support and turnover intention and the chain mediating effect of psychological contract-job satisfaction were significant,and the mediating effects accounted for 29.42%,36.03% and 26.86% of the total effect,respectively. Conclusion The psychological contract and job satisfaction of physicians in Yinchuan City have a chain mediating effect between perceived organizational support and turnover intention.

Chain mediating effect of job stress and organizational silence between perceived organizational support and work prosperity of medical staff

ZENG Li, YU Qiao

2024, 40(11):  1497-1502. 

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Objective To explore the multiple mediating effects of job stress and organizational silence in the influence mechanism of perceived organizational support on medical staff 's work prosperity. Methods A total of 361 medical workers from four grade-A tertiary hospitals in Sichuan Province were selected by the convenience sampling method from January to April 2023. The general information questionnaire,work stress scale,organizational silence scale,perceived organizational support scale and work prosperity scale were used for investigation. The chain mediating model of job stress and organizational silence was constructed and tested. Results The scores of perceived organizational support,work stress,organizational silence and work prosperity in 361 medical workers were （41.17±8.10）,（27.34±9.38）,（35.55±8.94） and （45.84±9.36）points,respectively. The work prosperity of medical staff was positively correlated with perceived organizational support（r>0,P<0.05）,and negatively correlated with work stress and organizational silence（r<0,P<0.05）. The total indirect effect of perceived organizational support on work prosperity was 0.244. The specific mediating effects of work stress and organizational silence on work prosperity accounted for 24.00% and 10.61% respectively,and the chain mediating effect of the two accounted for 11.16%. Conclusions The work prosperity of medical staff in four grade-A tertiary hospitals in Sichuan Province is at a medium level. The multiple mediating roles of work stress and organizational silence in the influence mechanism of perceived organizational support on the work prosperity of medical staff are established. The medical managers should pay attention to medical staff with low level of medical staff reduce their work pressure and organizational silence,so as to further enhance work prosperity.

Study on correlation between fatigue status and mental health of hospital convalescents and influencing factors of mental health

ZHANG Juan, WANG Qi

2024, 40(11):  1503-1507. 

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Objective To investigate the correlation between fatigue status and mental health of hospital convalescents and the factors influencing mental health. Methods A total of 354 individuals engaged in special professions undergoing health care and recuperation at a rehabilitation center in Qingdao from January 2020 to December 2022 were selected as subjects. A self-designed general information survey questionnaire,fatigue assessment instrument（FAI）,and self reporting inventory（SCL-90） were used to investigate and evaluate their general situation,fatigue status,and mental health status,and the factors affecting the mental health of hospital convalescents were explored. Results The scores of FAI sensitivity factor,environmental specificity and psychological consequences among 350 hospital convalescents were （3.81±0.42）,（4.85±0.50） and （4.90±0.51）points,respectively,which were lower than those of patients with chronic fatigue syndrome[（5.46±1.22）,（5.24±1.26） and （6.06±1.12）points]. The factor score of responses to rest/sleep was （5.18±0.55）points,which was higher than that in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome[（4.48±1.95）points],and the difference was statistically significant（P<0.05）. The scores of FAI sensitivity factor,environmental specificity and psychological consequences among 350 hospital convalescents were higher than those of healthy controls[（3.36±1.64）,（4.58±1.59） and （4.65±2.01）points],while the factor score of responses to rest/sleep was lower than that of healthy controls[（5.74±1.80）points],with statistically significant differences（all P<0.05）. The factor scores and total mean scores of SCL-90 scale in hospital convalescents were higher than normal adult norms in China,with statistically significant differences（all P<0.05）. The Pearson correlation analysis showed that the scores of FAI sensitivity factor,environmental specificity and psychological consequences were positively correlated with the total SCL-90 scale score and the nine factor scores（all P<0.05）. The multiple linear stepwise regression analysis showed that sensitivity factor,environmental specificity and psychological consequences factors entered the regression equation with the dependent variable of the SCL-90 scale total score. The sensitivity factor and environmental specificity were significant influencing factor for the poor mental health status of hospital convalescents. Conclusion The convalescent personnel in this rehabilitation center generally have fatigue and poor mental health,the two factors are closely related,and fatigue is an important influencing factor on their mental health.

Analysis on status quo and influencing factors of occupational compassion fatigue among oncology nurses in 12 grade-A tertiary hospitals in Sichuan Province

WEI Jun, XIAO Kaimei, LUO Xi

2024, 40(11):  1508-1512. 

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Objective To investigate the current situation of emotional domain ability,feedback seeking behavior and compassion fatigue among oncology nurses in grade-A tertiary hospitals in Sichuan Province,explore the influencing factors of occupational compassion fatigue. Methods By using a cross-sectional study,a total of 286 oncology nurses from 12 grade-A tertiary hospitals in Sichuan Province were selected by convenience sampling method from September to December 2022. The data were collected using the general information questionnaire,the emotional domain ability scale,the feedback seeking behavior scale and the compassion fatigue scale. The multiple linear regression analysis was used to explore the influencing factors of occupational compassion fatigue. Results The score of emotional domain ability among oncology nurses from 12 grade-A tertiary hospitals in Sichuan Province was （86.65±15.63）points,the score of feedback seeking behavior was （46.85±10.50）points,and the score of occupational compassion fatigue was （56.66±15.64）points. There were statistically significant differences in the score of occupational compassion fatigue among oncology nurses with different age,gender,marital status,years of work in oncology department,personality type and health status（all P<0.05）. The correlation analysis showed that the dimension score and total score of feedback seeking behavior of oncology nurses were negatively correlated with the dimension score and total score of occupational compassion fatigue（all P<0.05）,the dimension score and total score of emotional domain ability were negatively correlated with the dimension score and total score of occupational compassion fatigue（all P<0.05）,and the dimension score and total score of feedback seeking behavior were positively correlated with the dimension score and total score of emotional domain ability（all P<0.05）. The multivariate analysis showed that age,years of oncology work,health status,emotional domain ability and feedback seeking behavior were the main influencing factors of occupational compassion fatigue in oncology nurses（all P<0.05）,explaining 60.2% of the total variables. Conclusions The occurrence level of occupational compassion fatigue among oncology nurses in grade-A tertiary hospitals in Sichuan Province is high. The older the nurses are,the longer the working years,the lower the scores of emotional domain ability and feedback seeking behavior,the higher the occupational empathic fatigue of nurses. Improving the feedback seeking behavior and emotional domain ability of nurses can effectively reduce individual occupational empathic fatigue and improve the physical and mental health status of nurses.

Environment and Health

Analysis on epidemiological characteristics of heat stroke cases and their relationship with meteorological factors in Zhangjiagang City from 2018 to 2021

WANG Zhigang, ZHANG Yuping, LI Na, SUN Zhen

2024, 40(11):  1513-1517. 

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Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of heat stroke cases and their correlation with meteorological factors in Zhangjiagang City from 2018 to 2021,so as to provide reference for government departments to formulate preventive measures and control strategies for heat stroke. Methods The information on heat stroke cases reported in Zhangjiagang City from 2018 to 2021 and the meteorological data on high temperature weather from May to September were collected,and the data were analyzed. Results From 2018 to 2021,there were 709 heatstroke cases reported in Zhangjiagang City,with a total reported incidence rate of 13.14/100 000,including 582 cases of mild illness（82.09%）,127 cases of severe illness（18.09%）,6 deaths,and a case fatality rate of 0.85%. The administrative divisions of heatstroke cases were concentrated in the Economic Development Zone（Yangshe Town）（48.66%）,with the time concentrated from July to August,and the maximum number of reported cases in July was 257（36.25%）. There were 538 males and 171 females,with a gender ratio of 3.15 ∶ 1. Among the severe cases,there were 107 males and 20 females,with a gender ratio of 5.35 ∶ 1. The number of mild heatstroke cases in males was higher than that in females,and the difference was statistically significant（P<0.05）. The average age of male cases was （45.2±15.99）years old,while the average age of female cases was （43.57±18.83）years old,with no statistically significant difference between ages（P>0.05）. The highest number of heatstroke cases were in the age group of 50-<60. When the temperature was higher than 35 ℃,the number of heatstroke cases increased rapidly,with mild heatstroke predominating. When the temperature was higher than 37 ℃,the proportion of severe heatstroke cases increased. When the temperature was above 39 ℃,the total number of heatstroke cases showed a downward trend. Conclusion The high incidence of heatstroke occurs from July to August every year,with male cases predominating,with more mild cases occurring,and age concentrated between 30 and <60 years old. The relevant government departments need to take active and comprehensive measures and effectively respond to high temperature weather to reduce the health hazards of high temperature to the public and occupational groups.

School Health

Study on correlation between professional identity and mental toughness of nursing undergraduates in military academy

WANG Shuqi, SHI Ruijie

2024, 40(11):  1518-1522. 

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Objective To understand the status quo of professional identity and mental toughness of nursing undergraduates in the Air Force Medical University,analyze the correlation between professional identity and mental toughness. Methods From October to December 2022,82 nursing undergraduates of the Air Force Medical University were selected to conduct a questionnaire survey using general data questionnaire,professional identity scale and mental toughness scale. Results The total score of professional identity among 82 nursing undergraduates of the Air Force Medical University was （56.55±11.93）points,and the average score of items was （3.33±0.7）points. The total score of mental toughness was （39.38±6.23）points,and the average score of items was （3.94±0.62）points. There were statistically significant differences in the score of professional identity among nursing students with different employment directions,whether they would take the initiative to apply for front-line work in case of a similar major public health emergencies in the future,satisfaction with nursing major and interest in nursing major（all P<0.05）. There were statistically significant differences in the score of mental toughness among nursing students with different occupation of his/her father,parents' involvement in career selection,satisfaction with nursing major,interest in nursing major,and knowing what career planning is（all P<0.05）. The Pearson correlation analysis showed that except social comparison,self-reflection and self-improvement, the total score and dimension score of professional identity of nursing undergraduates in military school were positively correlated with the total score and dimension score of mental toughness（all P<0.05）. The results of multiple linear regression analysis showed that whether they would take the initiative to apply for front-line work in case of a similar major public health emergencies in the future optimism,current interest in nursing majors,and employment direction（nursing related work） were the main influencing factors of nursing undergraduates' professional identity（all P<0.01）. Conclusion The professional identity of nursing undergraduates in the Air Force Medical University is at the medium level,while the mental toughness is above the medium level,and there is a significant positive correlation between them.

Relationship between academic procrastination,academic burnout and self-efficacy among 426 undergraduate nursing interns in Sichuan Province

ZHOU Xinyue, HUANG Yuelin

2024, 40(11):  1523-1527. 

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Objective To understand the relationship between academic procrastination,academic burnout,and self-efficacy among undergraduate nursing interns,and analyze the mediating role of self-efficacy between academic procrastination and academic burnout among undergraduate nursing interns. Methods From September to October 2022,a cluster sampling method was used to select 426 undergraduate nursing interns from three universities in Sichuan Province as the survey subjects. A questionnaire survey was conducted using general information questionnaire,procrastination questionnaire,adolescent learning burnout scale,and general self-efficacy scale. The structural process model was used to verify the mediating role of self-efficacy between academic procrastination and academic burnout. Results Totally 134 out of 426 undergraduate nursing interns in Sichuan Province experienced academic procrastination. The academic procrastination score of 426 undergraduate nursing interns was （2.44±0.69）points,the learning burnout score was （2.59±0.49）points,and the self-efficacy score was （2.36±0.49）points. Academic procrastination was positively correlated with academic burnout（r=0.570,P<0.01）,while academic procrastination was negatively correlated with self-efficacy（r=-0.193,P<0.01）,academic burnout was negatively correlated with self-efficacy（r=-0.447,P<0.01）. School performance, total score of academic procrastination,and total score of self-efficacy were the main influencing factors of academic burnout（all P<0.01）. The mediating effect of self-efficacy accounted for 11.95% of the total effect. Conclusion Self-efficacy partially mediates the relationship between academic procrastination and academic burnout. Academic procrastination can not only directly predict the occurrence of academic burnout,but also play a role in the academic burnout of undergraduate nursing interns by affecting their self-efficacy.

Analysis on relationship between loneliness,psychological resilience,and family adaptability among former left behind college students

QU Sheng, LI Jia, GUO Zhihui

2024, 40(11):  1528-1532. 

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Objective To understand the current situation of loneliness,psychological resilience and family adaptability among former left behind college students,and the relationship between the three. Methods From February to March 2023,a questionnaire survey was conducted on 224 former left behind college students in Baoji City using the family intimacy and adaptability scale,loneliness scale and mental resilience scale,232 non left behind college students were randomly selected as the control group,and the data were analyzed. Results The scores for loneliness,psychological resilience,family intimacy,and family adaptability of former left behind college students were（44.91±6.92）,（64.16±21.59）,（64.79±10.04） and（39.91±8.33）points,respectively. The scores of family intimacy,family adaptability,loneliness,and psychological resilience among college students with or without left behind experience were statistically significant（t=3.479,2.917,4.400,2.280,all P<0.05）. The loneliness, psychological resilience,family intimacy and adaptability of former left behind college students were significantly correlated（r=-0.481,-0.462, 0.861,-0.323,0.407,0.428,all P<0.05）. The direct effect value of loneliness on family adaptability of former left behind college students was -0.361,and the indirect effect value of loneliness on family intimacy and family adaptability through psychological resilience was -0.101,respectively. Conclusion Former left behind college students generally have a high level of loneliness,moderate psychological resilience and rigid family adaptability,and psychological resilience plays a partial mediating role between loneliness and family adaptability. The loneliness of former left behind college students can improve family adaptability through psychological resilience.

Literature Analysis

Influencing factors of presenteeism in Chinese nurses：A meta-analysis

XU Ziyu, YANG Meiying, SHI Qi, LI Li

2024, 40(11):  1533-1538. 

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Objective To identity the influencing factors of presenteeism among nurses in China by meta-analysis. Methods The literature on influencing factors of Chinese nurses' presenteeism were retrieved from PubMed,EMbase,Cochrane Library,Web of Science,CNKI,VIP,Wanfang Data and CBM from the establishment of the database to March 14,2023. The literature screening,quality evaluation and information extraction were completed by two researchers independently. The meta-analysis was performed using Stata 17.0 and RevMan 5.3 software. Results A total of 33 articles including 41 589 nurses were included,and 19 presenteeism influencing factors were finally extracted. The meta-analysis results showed that the presenteeism score of nurses in China was 17.29（95%CI：16.63-17.94）,and marital status,years of experience,number of night shifts per month,number of overtime shifts per month,educational background,exposure to workplace violence,physical health,occupational stress,professional identity,job burnout,psychological capital,inclusive leadership,work family conflict,sense of coherence,psychological security were the main factors influencing nurses' presenteeism（all P<0.05）. Conclusion The overall presenteeism level of nurses in China is high,so nursing managers can develop specific interventions to reduce the presenteeism of nurses according to different influencing factors.

Relationship between overtime work and low back pain in Chinese occupational population：A meta analysis

RAN Yanli, LING Ruijie, ZHENG Jianru, WU Jiabin, FENG Cun, YIN Hong

2024, 40(11):  1539-1543. 

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Objective To systematically evaluate the association between overtime work and low back pain in Chinese occupational population. Methods The literatures about overtime and low back pain were searched using combined key words（"low back pain" or "musculoskeletal disorder"） and （"longworking hours" or "overtime"） in CNKI,Wanfang,VIP and CBM databases,and combined key words（low back pain OR musculoskeletal disorder） AND （long working hour OR overtime） AND （China OR Chinese） in Pubmed. The search period was from the establishment of the database until June 30,2023,and the search was not limited to any language. Meta analysis was performed using Stata l4.0. Results A total of 27 articles with a total sample size of 75 129 participants were included. The heterogeneity testing showed that I²=69.1%,Q test P=0.000,showing heterogeneity in literature,therefore,a random effect model was selected in the meta analysis. The combined OR（95%CI） was 1.58（1.41-1.77）,P<0.01. The Egger's test indicated t=4.25,P<0.01,with publication bias. The combined OR（95%CI） value after correction using the pruning method was 1.32（1.19-1.47）. Conclusion The overtime work can increase the risk of low back pain of workers,so working hours should be controlled to reduce the prevalence of low back pain.

Investigation and Research

Study on molecular typing of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in animal aquatic products of Cangzhou City in 2022

GAO Qinghui, ZHANG Rui, SHAO Hanbing, DONG Xiaofeng, LYU Hengxi, WANG Chundong

2024, 40(11):  1544-1548. 

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Objective To understand the drug resistance characteristics,virulence genes and multilocus sequence typing（MLST） of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in animal aquatic products of Cangzhou City in 2022,analyze the epidemiological characteristics,and provide data support for related food risk monitoring and further prevention and control. Methods The samples of commercially available animal aquatic products were randomly collected from Cangzhou City in 2022. According to the requirements of 2022 national food pollution and harmful factors risk monitoring manual,the bacterial culture and isolation identification were performed on collected samples. The drug sensitivity testing,PCR virulence gene testing,and whole genome sequencing were conducted on strains identified as Vibrio parahaemolyticus,and the relevant databases was used to obtain the phenotypes,virulence genes,resistance genes,and multi site sequence typing of different bacterial strains. Results The susceptibility results suggested that Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolated in the samples was sensitive or moderately sensitive to most antibiotics,and six resistant strains were detected,containing a multiresistant strain. A total of 10 resistance genes were detected,among which β-lactam blaCARB gene,tet（35） gene of tetracycline,and regulatory resistance related genes adeF,rsmA and CRP genes were detected. The thermolabile hemolysin gene（tlh） was carried at 100%,while thermostable direct hemolysin（tdh） and tdh related hemolysin（trh） genes were not detected. Based on seven housekeeping genotypes,31 strains of Vibrio parahaemolyticus yielded 29 sequence types（ST）. Conclusion The Vibrio parahaemolyticus detected in animal aquatic products of Cangzhou City belongs to low-level drug resistance,with no virulence genes,carrying multiple drug resistance genes,and the gene sequence has genetic diversity,so the monitoring should be strengthened.

Analysis on occupational health examination results of hand-transmitted vibration workers in Shunde District of Foshan City

ZHU Wenjie, WANG Qianke, LING Ling, OUYANG Yanfen, WU Xiujuan, QIU Yibing

2024, 40(11):  1549-1552. 

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Objective To analyze the occupational health examination results of hand-transmitted vibration operation workers and provide scientific basis for the prevention and control of occupational diseases in hand-transmitted vibration operations. Methods The judgment sampling method was adopted,a total of 915 workers who were exposed to the operation of hand-transmitted vibration during on-the-job occupational health examination from 2018 to 2022 in Shunde Chronic Disease Prevention and Control Center of Foshan City were selected as the research objects. The occupational health examination results of workers during their on-duty period were collected,with a focus on collecting electroneuromyography（ENMG） results for statistical analysis. Results Among 915 workers,179 ENMG cases were abnormal,with an abnormal rate of 19.56%. The results of univariate analysis showed that marriage,age,total length of service,length of service at risk,type of work,enterprise scale,enterprise economic type and industry type were all influencing factors for abnormal ENMG in hand-transmitted vibration operation workers（all P<0.05）. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that age,enterprise scale and industry type were all influencing factors for abnormal ENMG in hand-transmitted vibration operation workers（all P<0.05）. Conclusion In the prevention and control of occupational diseases caused by hand-transmitted vibration,attention should be paid to the classification and supervision of small and micro enterprises and the metal product industry,and research and protection of older workers should be strengthened.

Health Management and Research

Survey and effect evaluation on satisfaction of vaccinate communication ability and service capacity training in Nantong City

GU Ting, LIAN Lihua, JIN Hongmei, JIANG Tao, GU Xiaohong, CHEN Jie

2024, 40(11):  1553-1557. 

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Objective To perform the satisfaction survey and training effectiveness evaluation among trainees in the 2023 training course on communication and service skills for vaccination prevention in Nantong City,understand the problems and needs of the trainees,and provide reference for the future carrying out the training of vaccination. Methods The students who participated in the 2023 training course on communication and service skills for vaccination prevention in Nantong City were selected as the survey object. The basic information of the trainees,their satisfaction with the course,the management,and the condition,trainees' ability improvement before and after the training,score results of the theoretical test were all collected to evaluate the overall satisfaction and effectiveness of the training. Results The overall satisfaction score of trainees towards training was （4.750±0.435） points. The practical teaching satisfaction score was （4.821±0.396）points,which was higher than the theoretical teaching satisfaction score[（4.759±0.398）points]. The teaching condition satisfaction score was the lowest,with （4.360±0.780）points. The score of the theoretical test among trainees was （96.136±5.900）points. There were statistically significant differences in the scores of four core competencies between before and after the training（all P<0.05）,among which the professional ability score increased by the largest margin,with 1.241 points. Conclusion The Nantong vaccinate communication ability and service capacity training in 2023 has a good effect and overall satisfaction,which plays an important role in improving the vaccination service ability of professional and technical personnel in township-level vaccination clinics. But the teaching condition satisfaction score has the lowest points. It is recommended that the investment in training funds should be further strengthened,accommodation condition should be improved and teaching equipment should be upgraded to improve enthusiasm of the trainees.

Analysis on implementation of e-cigarette related policies and regulations

LYU Meng, XIONG Jingfan, LU Wenlong, ZOU Lanhua, YANG Jie

2024, 40(11):  1558-1562. 

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Objective To understand the implementation of the newly promulgated e-cigarette related policies and regulations,provide a basis for further e-cigarette supervision. Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted among 960 adults in Beijing and Shenzhen City from July to October 2023 by the convenient sampling. Chi-square test and Fisher 's exact probability test were used to explore the awareness and support of e-cigarette related policies and regulations. The sales of flavored e-cigarettes in e-cigarette stores around schools and in areas with large traffic were observed. Results Only 63.8% of the respondents had heard of the Measures for the Administration of Electronic Cigarettes. The awareness proportion of students was lower than that of government/public institution personnel,medical personnel,enterprise,business and service personnel and other personnel. The awareness proportion of 18-<25 years old was lower than that of 35-<45 years old and ≥45 years old. 56.4% of respondents supported banning flavored e-cigarettes except for tobacco flavors. The support proportion of those who have heard of the Measures was higher than that of those who have not heard of it. These differences were found to be statistically significant（all P<0.05）. 67.7%（21/31） of e-cigarette stores sold fruit-flavored e-cigarette cartridges,and 70.1% of those who bought e-cigarettes in 2023 bought non-tobacco flavors. 85.0%（17/20） of the primary and secondary schools had tobacco shops around. Conclusion The proportion of public awareness and support of e-cigarette related policies and regulations is low,and the ban on the sale of flavored e-cigarettes has not been effectively implemented,so the law enforcement and policy promotion should be strengthened.

Overview

Research progress on occupational injury and protection for medical personnel in intravenous drug allocation center in China

YUAN Meng, CHENG Jintao, ZHANG Shuangfei, HUANG Xiaohong

2024, 40(11):  1563-1566. 

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With the increasing incidence of cancer year by year, the workload of medical staff in the intravenous drug allocation center is increasing year by year. In addition to the particularity of the working environment, medical staff have occupational injuries. How to protect the work is a problem that needs to be discussed together in hospitals and departments. This paper summarizes the current situation of occupational injury and occupational protection of medical staff in intravenous drug allocation center in China, and puts forward suggestions on occupational safety protection measures, in order to enhance their awareness of protection and improve the attention of hospitals and related departments to the occupational safety protection of medical staff in intravenous drug configuration centers.

Advances of near infrared spectroscopy technology in food microbiological detection

REN Ruijuan, YUE Mingxiang, LIU Xiang

2024, 40(11):  1567-1571. 

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The foodborne diseases can be caused by a variety of microbes such as bacteria,fungi and viruses. Therefore,rapid and sensitive detection of microorganisms in food is an effective means for ensuring safe food supply and preventing human foodborne infections. It is difficult for conventional methods,such as colony counting,microscopic analysis and immunological methods,to meet these detection requirements because they are often tedious and time-consuming. The near infrared（NIR） spectrum is a molecular vibration spectrum,which is very sensitive to the change of membrane structure. Thus,the NIR spectrum of each bacterium has a highly specific absorption signature. Moreover,NIR spectroscopy technology has the superiority in fast and non-destructive determination,and has been widely used in microbiological detection. The paper briefly introduces the principle of NIR spectroscopy,pretreatment methods and calibration methods,summarizes the main advances of this technique in the detection of food microorganisms,as well as the follow-up problems that need to be solved in the detection of food microorganisms using this technology,so as to provide support for the wider application of this technology in the field of food microbiology detection.

Research status and intervention progress of university students' fat negative body image and unhealthy weight control behaviors

CHEN Zhuojun, LIANG Ruofeng, FENG Xiuqin

2024, 40(11):  1572-1576. 

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There is some relationship between fat negative body image and unhealthy weight control behaviors. The causes of the two are similar,which are related to both subjective and objective overweight,as well as social and cultural factors such as media. They are common among college students and cause serious harm to their physical and mental health. At present,psychological intervention,physical exercise and health education are the main intervention methods,and the body image course and comprehensive weight intervention plan have also been proved to be effective. This paper reviews the status quo,causes,harms and intervention progress of university students' fat negative body image and unhealthy weight control behaviors,and puts forward personal opinions on future research for further research and exploration.

Research progress on occupational exposure risks and protective measures for medical personnel exposed to antineoplastic drugs

XIAO Qingqing, ZHOU Qian, HUANG Xiaohong

2024, 40(11):  1577-1580. 

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Due to the frequent clinical use of antineoplastic drugs,medical personnel who come into contact with antineoplastic drugs are at a greatly increased risk of exposure to contaminated environments. This paper reviews relevant literature at home and abroad to understand the occupational protection awareness of medical personnel who are currently exposed to antineoplastic drugs,and also summarizes the pathways,influencing factors and countermeasures of exposure to antineoplastic drugs,in order to enhance the attention of medical institutions and their management personnel to antineoplastic drugs exposure,improve the self-protection awareness of medical personnel,and provide reference for reducing damage caused by exposure to antineoplastic drugs.

Research progress on immune efficacy and safety of 13-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide conjugate vaccine in children with congenital heart disease

ZHANG Rui, CHENG Wanran, CHEN Linyan, WANG Weiping, FENG Yong, DENG Pengfei

2024, 40(11):  1581-1584. 

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Children with congenital heart disease（CHD） are at high risk of developing severe pneumonia and death after being infected with Streptococcus pneumoniae. In recent years, research on the immune effect of 13-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide conjugate vaccine（PCV13） in children with CHD has attracted the attention of many medical experts. This article reviews the research progress on the immune effect and safety of PCV13 in CHD children by searching databases such as China National Knowledge Infrastructure（CNKI）, VIP, Wanfang, Pubmed, etc., providing reference for PCV13 vaccination in CHD children.