Table of Content

15 June 2024, Volume 40 Issue 12

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Treatise

Occupational health risk assessment of routine inspection and maintenance in a coal-burning power plant in Jinan City of Shandong Province

ZHANG Pu, FAN Panpan, ZHANG Shihuai, ZHANG Zhihu, TAO Ling, ZHANG Haidong

2024, 40(12):  1585-1589. 

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Objective To understand the occupational health risk of routine inspection and maintenance in a coal-burning power plant in Jinan City of Shandong Province,explore the prevention and control measures of occupational hazards applicable to coal-burning power plant,so as to minimize occupational hazards and protect the health of workers in the routine inspection and maintenance of coal-burning power plant. Methods From October to December 2021,a coal-burning power plant in Jinan City of Shandong Province was selected as the object to identify and detect the occupational hazard factors of the routine inspection and maintenance personnel,and the semi-quantitative contact ratio method and risk assessment index method were used for risk assessment. Results The main occupational hazard factors in routine inspection and maintenance of the coal-burning power plant included chemical harmful factors（silica dust,limestone dust,coal dust,sulfur dioxide,nitrogen dioxide,carbon monoxide,ammonia,hydrochloric acid,sulfuric acid） and physical factors（noise,high temperature,power frequency electric field）.After detection,the over-standard rate was 5.55% in 18 points of chemical harmful factors measurement,the over-standard rate was57.14% in seven posts of noise measurement,and no over-standard post was found in two posts of high temperature measurement. The test results of other hazard factors were in line with the requirements of occupational exposure limits.There were eight types of work in the routine inspection and maintenance of the coal-burning power plant,in which boiler team inspection worker,the steam engine team inspection worker,the electric heating team inspection worker,the gray water team inspection worker,the coal transport team inspection worker,the dump machine inspection worker,the comprehensive team inspection worker had the medium risk level,while desulfurization team inspection worker had extremely high risk. Conclusion The occupational hazards of inspection workers of desulphurization team and comprehensive inspection workers need special attention in routine inspection and maintenance of the coal-burning power plant,and it is necessary to effectively implement regulatory measures in areas such as occupational disease hazard warning signs,individual protection,occupational health examinations,occupational health training,and emergency response measures,to reduce the incidence of occupational disease during routine maintenance of coal-burning power plants,and better protect the health and safety of routine maintenance workers in coal-burning power plants.

Determination of 31 fungicides residues in soybean powder by UPLC-MS/MS

ZHANG Bo, GUO Erling, HUANG Xiaochen, GUO Aijing, WANG Ke

2024, 40(12):  1590-1595. 

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Objective To establish a QuEChERS（quick,easy,cheap,effective,rugged,safe） method combined with ultra performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry（UPLC-MS/MS） for detecting residues of 31 benzimidazole and triazole fungicides in soybean powder. Methods The soybean powder samples were extracted using acetonitrile,the supernatant was purified using octadecyl bonded silica gel（C₁₈） and anhydrous magnesium sulfate,and then blow dry with nitrogen.The samples were separated using Kinetex@F5 100A（3.0×100 mm,2.6 μm） with mobile phases consisting of 0.1% formic acid aqueous solution（phase A） and methanol（phase B）.The electrospray ionization（ESI+） mode was used for ionization,while detection was conducted using multiple reaction monitoring（MRM）. The quantitative detection was performed utilizing the matrix matching method. Results Totally 31 fungicides exhibit a good linear relationship（r>0.999） within the mass concentration range of 0.1-100 μg/L. The limits of detection of the fungicides were 0.01-1.03 μg/kg,the limits of quantitation were 0.01-3.44 μg/kg. The average recovery rate of spiked samples at three different concentrations was 71.3%-118.7%,and the relative standard deviations were 0.4%-9.9%. Conclusion The method is uncomplicated and suitable for rapidly detecting 31 triazole and benzimidazole fungicides in soybean powder samples.

Mediating effect of professional identity in subjective social status,social support and occupational well-being of psychiatrists

HE Pei, YANG Rui, XIANG Hongni, DENG Fangyu, WANG Junmei

2024, 40(12):  1596-1600. 

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Objective To explore the mediating role of professional identity in subjective social status,social support and occupational well-being among psychiatrists. Methods Convenience sampling method was used. From August to October 2022,a survey was conducted on 259 psychiatrists from 6 psychiatric hospitals and 4 comprehensive hospitals in Sichuan Province using ageneral information questionnaire,subjective social status scale,social support scale and psychiatrists professional identity scale,and the data were analyzed. Results The subjective social status score of psychiatrists was （5.14±1.58）points,social support score was （41.76±8.81）points,occupational happiness score was （80.34±16.79）points,and professional identity score was（87.04±13.22）points. Subjective social status was positively correlated with social support,occupational identity and occupational well-being（r=0.310,0.280,0.302,all P<0.01）. There was a partial mediating effect of professional identity between subjective social status and occupational happiness,accounting for 56.68% of the total effect. There was a partial mediating effect of professional identity between social support and occupational happiness,accounting for 56.57% of the total effect. Conclusion Subjective social status and social support can affect the occupational well-being of psychiatrists directly and indirectly through professional identity. Managers can enhance psychiatrists' professional identity by enhancing their subjective social status and social support,and thereby improving their occupational happiness.

Occupational Health and Occupational Diseases

Current status of silica dust exposure and protective facilities in jewelry processing industry in Guangdong Province

XU Haijuan, LI Xiaoliang, WANG Tianjian, SU Shibiao, CHEN Jianwu

2024, 40(12):  1601-1605. 

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Objective To investigate the exposure level of silica dust and protective facilities in jewelry processing industry in Guangdong Province. Methods From 2020 to 2023,a total of 80 test reports were collected from 48 employers with jewelry and jade as raw materials and products in the jewelry processing industry in Guangdong Province through the "Guangdong occupational health quality control platform" sub-system "Regular detection information system". Results Totally 48 enterprises were distributed in 10 prefecture-level cities in the province,mainly concentrated in the Pearl River Delta Economic Zone,and the top three were Shenzhen City,Foshan City and Dongguan City. 51.3% came from small businesses and 48.8% from micro-enterprises.The content of free silicon dioxide was 10.6%-84.3%. There were still 8.8% of enterprises with the posts exposure level over the occupational limit,which concentrated in the cutting,cutting,engraving and polishing workers.90% of enterprises had adopted engineering protection,such as wet operation and local dust removal facilities,but there were still 10.0% of enterprises have not set up protective facilities.There was not statistically significant difference in the exposure level of silica dust（respirable dust） and the control measures adopted among different scale enterprises（P>0.05）. Conclusion The jewelry processing industry in Guangdong Province still need to strengthen the source control and supervision of silica dust hazards.

Analysis on epidemiological characteristics of occupational disease in Hunan Province from 2013-2022

WANG Duoduo, LVQIU Sijia, HE Weihong, TAN Yong

2024, 40(12):  1606-1611. 

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Objective To analyze the incidence characteristics and development trends of newly reported occupational diseases in Hunan Province from 2013 to 2022,provide a basis for formulating occupational disease prevention and control strategies. Methods The occupational disease cases reported through the "Occupational Disease and Health Hazard Factor Monitoring Information System" subsystem of the "China Disease Prevention and Control Information System" in Hunan Province from 2013 to 2022 were collected,to analyze the epidemiological characteristics and trends of 16 863 new cases of occupational diseases in Hunan Province where the employing unit is located. Results From 2013 to 2022,totally 16 863 cases of 8 major categories and 52 types of new occupational diseases were reported in Hunan Province,with pneumoconiosis being the main disease（14 254 cases,84.53%）.Most cases were diagnosed in 2016（2 754 cases,16.33%）.Among the cases,98.25%（16 568 cases） were men,72.42%（12 212 cases） were aged 40-<60 years and 69.05%（11 654 cases） had 5-<25 years of working experience.The cases were mainly distributed in small and medium-sized enterprises,private enterprises and mining industry. The regional distribution was mainly in Loudi City（4 637 cases,27.50%）,Changde City（1 833 cases,10.87%） and Shaoyang City（1 790 cases,10.61%）. Conclusions The overall incidence of occupational diseases in Hunan Province is decreasing year by year,and occupational pneumoconiosis is the top priority for occupational disease prevention and control.At the same time,the protection against occupational chemical poisoning and occupational noise deafness cannot be ignored. Strengthening the supervision of small and medium-sized enterprises,private enterprises,mining and manufacturing industries is the focus of current occupational disease prevention and control work in Hunan Province.

Experiment·Monitoring and Inspection

Determination of 28 kinds of illegally added anti-rheumatic drugs in health food by high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method

YANG Yin, LIU Ying, ZHANG Ruihua, LIU Xi, ZHANG Yinan, LI Ying

2024, 40(12):  1612-1616. 

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Objective To develop a high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry（HPLC-MS/MS） method for the determination of 28 anti-rheumatic drugs in health food. Methods After ultrasonic extraction and dilution,the separation was achieved on a ZORBAX Eclipse Plus RRHD C₁₈（3.0×150 mm,1.8 μm） column in a gradient elution mode with water（0.1% formic acid-5 mmol/L ammonium acetate）（A） and methanol（B）,positive ion scan mode and a multiple reaction monitoring（MRM） mode were used to quantitatively determine the illegally added compounds by external standard method. Results The linear relationship of 28 compounds was good in the linear range,with determination coefficients（R²）≥0.99,the limits of detection（LODs） were 0.18-4.05 ng/mL,the limits of quantitation（LOQs） were 0.29-11.85 ng/mL,the average recoveries were 62.1%-116.4%,and the mean relative standard deviation were 1.1%-13.3%. Conclusion This method can be used for qualitative and quantitative analysis of illegally added anti-rheumatic drugs in health food.

Plasticizer DEHP induces female reproductive toxicity through changes in intestinal flora

WU Huamin, WU Qian, LUO Yan, LIN Danmei, TAN Hongmin, ZHANG Chi

2024, 40(12):  1617-1621. 

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Objective To observe the effect of plasticizer di-（2-ethylhexyl） phthalate（DEHP） on intestinal flora composition and ovarian function in SD rats,and to preliminarily explore the possible relationship between changes in intestinal flora and female reproductive toxicity. Methods Totally 30 SD rats were randomly divided into 5 groups,with 6 rats in each group,namely the corn oil control group and 5,50,500 and 2 500 mg/（kg·d） DEHP dosage groups. The rats were gavaged continuously for 14 days. The changes of serum anti-müllerian hormone（AMH） level and ovarian mass index in each group were compared after the experiment. Meanwhile,16S rRNA amplicon sequencing analysis was performed on rat feces. Results After DEHP exposure,the AMH levels in the control group and the 5,50,500,and 2 500 mg/（kg·d） dose groups were（5.41±0.39）,（4.98±0.44）,（4.99±0.12）,（4.30±0.51） and （3.91±0.23）ng/mL,respectively,and the ovarian mass index was （0.058±0.002）,（0.056±0.001）,（0.052 ± 0.002）,（0.049±0.002） and （0.045±0.003）g/g. Compared with the control group,AMH levels and ovarian mass index were significantly reduced in all dose groups except the 5 mg/（kg·d） group（all P<0.05）. Serum AMH levels were negatively correlated with the dose of DEHP exposure dose（P<0.01）. Ovarian mass index of rats decreased in a dose-dependent manner after DEHP exposure. After DEHP exposure,the relative abundance of Firmicutes in the intestinal flora of rats decreased,while the relative abundance of Bacteroides increased,and the ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroides decreased significantly（P<0.05）. Firmicutes was the characteristic flora of

Simultaneous determination of 16 metals and their soluble compounds in microporous membranes by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry

YANG Zhanhong, WU Chuang, WANG Weihui

2024, 40(12):  1622-1625. 

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Objective To establish an occupational health detection method for simultaneous determination of 16 metals and their soluble compounds in microporous filter membranes,including cadmium,chromium,manganese,zinc,copper,iron,calcium,magnesium,cesium,indium,strontium,bismuth,germanium,tantalum,zirconium and tin. Methods A microporous filter membrane was used to collect 16 metals and their soluble compounds in the workplace air,and the nitric acid solution was digested and transferred to the colorimetric tube to determine the volume,and the mass concentration of 16 metals and their soluble compounds was determined by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry（ICP-MS）. Results The linear relationship between the 16 metal elements in the range of 0.00-1 000.00 μg/L was good,with a correlation coefficient of 0.999 7-1.000 0,the detection limit was 0.10-3.11 μg/L,and the lower limit of quantification was 0.33-10.36 μg/L. The minimum detection concentration was 0.01×10^-3-0.41×10^-3 mg/m³,and the minimum quantitative concentration was 0.06×10^-3-1.38×10^-3 mg/m³（calculated by collecting 75 L air samples on site）. The recovery rate of spiked was 96.41%-104.18%,and the relative standard deviation was 0.14%-3.14%. The samples could be stably stored at room temperature for at least 7 days before digestion and determination. Conclusion This method can optimize the procedure and improve the work efficiency,and conforms to the development specifications of the determination method of chemical substances in workplace air,and can be used for the simultaneous determination of 16 metals and their soluble compounds in workplace air,including cadmium,chromium,manganese,zinc,copper,iron,calcium,magnesium,cesium,indium,strontium,bismuth,germanium,tantalum,zirconium and tin.

Epidemiology and Preventive Health Care

Analysis on current situation and influencing factors of presenteeism among ICU nurses in grade-A tertiary hospitals in Guiyang City

YUE Guolin, CHANG Ling, LIZHANG Shuangzi, SUN Nianmei

2024, 40(12):  1626-1631. 

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Objective To investigate the current situation and influencing factors of the presenteeism among intensive care unit（ICU） nurses in grade-A tertiary hospitals in Guiyang City,and provide reference for reducing presenteeism behavior among ICU nurses. Methods Using the convenience sampling method,264 ICU nurses from 3 grade-A tertiary hospitals in Guiyang City were selected as the research objects from December 2022 to February 2023. The general information questionnaire,the Chinese version of the Stanford hidden absence scale,the China nurses’ job stressor scale and career status evaluation scale were used to conduct a questionnaire survey,and the data were analyzed. Results The total score of presenteeism of ICU nurses in grade-A tertiary hospitals in Guiyang City was （15.10±5.26）points,which was generally at a high level. The high presenteeism group was about 52.65%. The total score of job stressors was （93.77±23.66）points and the total score of career was （82.48±13.56）points,both of which were at a moderate level. The total score of job stressors for ICU nurses was positively correlated with the total score of presenteeism（r=0.555,P<0.01）,the total score of career status was negatively correlated with the total score of presenteeism（r=-0.517,P<0.01）. Working years,job stressors and organizational commitment were important factors affecting the presenteeism of ICU nurses. Conclusion The level of presenteeism among ICU nurses in grade-A tertiary hospitals in Guiyang City is relatively high,and nursing managers should intervene based on the main influencing factors such as working years,job stressors and organizational commitment to reduce the level of presenteeism among ICU nurses.

Epidemiological characteristics analysis of reported syphilis cases in Nankai District of Tianjin City from 2008 to 2022

ZHENG Yajing, LIU Guangbin, WANG Nan, ZHANG Ting, HOU Ying, SUN Jianhua

2024, 40(12):  1632-1635. 

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Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of syphilis in Nankai District of Tianjin City,and provide a basis for the prevention and treatment of venereal diseases. Methods Based on the data of the Chinese Disease Prevention and Control Information System,the incidence and composition ratio of the report were calculated by descriptive statistical methods,and the Chi-square test was used to compare the rates and the change trend was analyzed by the trend Chi-square test,to analyze the report of syphilis cases in Nankai District of Tianjin City from 2008 to 2022. Results From 2008 to 2022,a total of 4 844 syphilis cases were reported in Nankai District of Tianjin City,with an average annual reported incidence rate of 29.83/100 000. The reported cases of syphilis showed an overall downward trend,from 40.54/100 000 in 2008 to 23.45/100 000 in 2022（χ²_trend= 69.858,P<0.01）,of which primary and secondary syphilis decreased year by year,with an average annual decrease of 12.01% and 17.07%,respectively,but the incidence of hidden syphilis increased year by year,from 10.94/100 000 to 20.27/100 000（χ²_trend= 212.834,P<0.01）,with an average annual increase of 3.84%. There were reports of syphilis cases in Nankai District every month of the year,with the fewest cases in February and a small peak in March. The cases were mainly concentrated from July to September,with a total of 1 386 cases,accounting for 28.61%. Among the reported cases of syphilis,2 642 cases（54.54%） were male,the incidence rate was 32.15/100 000,and 2 202 cases（45.46%） were female,the incidence rate was 27.46/100 000. The reported cases were mainly concentrated in the population aged ≥ 20 years old,with the highest number of cases aged 20-<30 years old,accounting for 1 273 cases（26.28%）,and the incidence rate of all age groups aged <50 years showed a downward trend year by year,while the incidence rate in the ≥60 year-old age group showed an increasing trend,from 28.49/100 000 in 2008 to 35.04/100 000 in 2022（χ²_trend=15.399,P<0.01）.The occupational distribution of syphilis reported cases was mainly domestic work and unemployed,retired people,and commercial service personnel. The distribution of reported cases in the department of dermatology（venereal diseases） was the largest,with 331 cases（32.77%）. Conclusion The incidence of syphilis in Nankai District of Tianjin City is generally on the decline,but the situation of syphilis prevention and control is still serious. It is suggested to combine syphilis prevention and control with AIDS prevention and control to carry out comprehensive prevention and control.

Analysis on epidemiological characteristics and outbreaks of influenza in Guigang City from 2013 to 2022

LU Xuelan, WEI Guang, BAO Chengjiu, LIANG Zhenglin, LIAO Daozhi, WU Shichen

2024, 40(12):  1636-1640. 

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Objective To analyze the epidemic characteristics and the handling of the outbreak of influenza in Guigang City from 2013 to 2022,so as to provide a reference for formulating effective prevention and control strategies and measures. Methods The "Monitoring Report Management System" and "China Influenza Monitoring Information System" modules in the China Disease Control and Prevention Information System were used to collect influenza case monitoring reports and outbreak related information data in Guigang City from 2013 to 2022,and the data were analyzed. Results A total of 18 835 influenza cases were reported in Guigang City from 2013 to 2022,with 4 deaths,and the annual average incidence rate was 43.59/100 000. Cases had been reported in all age groups,with the majority of cases occurring in the 0-<6 age group（9 810 cases） and the 6-<11 age group（3 853 cases）,accounting for 72.54% of the total number of cases（13 663/18 835）. There was a statistically significant difference in influenza incidence rate among different counties（cities and districts）（χ²=17 767.888,P<0.05）. The peak of incidence presented alternating single and double peaks,mainly concentrated from December to January and April to July of the following year. From 2013 to 2022,a total of 11 361 throat swabs of influenza like cases were collected from sentinel hospitals in Guigang City,and 1 724 influenza virus nucleic acid positive samples were detected. The total nucleic acid positive rate was 15.17%,including 1 060 cases of influenza A,accounting for 61.48%,and 664 cases of influenza B,accounting for 38.52%. From 2013 to 2022,a total of 25 outbreaks were reported,including 13 cases of influenza B and 12 cases of influenza A. The average number of cases involved in each event was 56.04. The average reporting date from the onset date of the first case to the outbreak of the epidemic was 5.76 days,with a date interval concentrated within 7 days and a maximum of 9 days,and the duration of the outbreak was concentrated in 8（7,14）days. The discovery time of the outbreak was positively correlated with the duration of the epidemic（r=0.387,P<0.05）. Out of the 25 outbreaks,22 occurred in schools. Conclusion From 2013 to 2022,the influenza epidemic period in Guigang City was mainly in winter and spring,with the peak incidence mostly occurring from November to December and January of the following year. In 2022,there was a summer epidemic peak,and different influenza subtypes alternated in different influenza monitoring years. Therefore,further monitoring and early warning of influenza should be strengthened. Infants and children are high-risk groups for influenza,and schools are high risk areas for influenza,especially outbreaks. For high-risk groups,it is necessary to strengthen the promotion and mobilization of influenza vaccine vaccination to increase the vaccination rate and strictly prevent the large-scale spread of the influenza epidemic.

Analysis on spatio-temporal cluster of mumps in Lu'an City from 2017 to 2022：Based on township scale

CHENG Kai, QIN Wei, WANG Yao, PAN Fan

2024, 40(12):  1641-1646. 

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Objective To analyze the epidemic characteristics and spatio-temporal clustering of mumps based on township scale in Lu'an City,provide data support for precise prevention and control. Methods The mumps monitoring data of 139 townships in Lu'an City from 2017 to 2022 were collected,and the descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze its epidemic characteristics. SaTScan 9.6 software was used to perform spatiotemporal scanning analysis on monitoring data,to detect its temporal and spatial clustering.ArcGIS 10.7 software was used to analyze monitoring data by the global and local spatial autocorrelation analysis methods. Results From 2017 to 2022,there were 4 475 cases of mumps in Lu'an City,and the average annual incidence rate was 12.73/100 000.The incidence rate was highest in 2019（12.73/100 000）.The incidence rate appeared a tendency towards arise and then decline.There was a seasonality before 2020,with peak seasons of late spring ,early summer and winter,while the seasonality of the onset was not significant after 2021.The mumps mainly occurred in the children and students under 15 years old,accounting for 77.16% of total cases.The top three county/district of the incidence were Jinzhai County（28.32/100 000）,Huoshan County（20.79/100 000）,Yeji District（18.82/100 000）.The top three town of the incidence were Xiaohuashan Street（76.80/100 000）,Wangcheng Street（68.69/100 000） and Taiyang Town（64.93/100 000）.The incidence of mumps from 2017 to 2022 showed spatial correlation.The results of local autocorrelation analysis from 2017 to 2022 showed that the "high-high" area covered Chengbei Township,Sanshipu Town,Qingshuihe Street,Sanliqiao Street,Dongshi Street,Zhongshi Street,Gulou Street,Wangcheng Street,Xiaohuashan Street,Pingqiao Township,Chengnan Town,Zhongdian Township,Xianshengdian Township,Xin'an Town,Hanbaidu Town,Fenlukou Town,and Shahe Township,Guanmiao Township,Wujiedian Town,Gubei Town,Guoziyuan Township,Tiantangzhai Town,Qingshan Town of Jinzhai County,and Shantushi Town ,Taipingfan Township of Huoshan County,and the widest distribution ranged in 2019.The spatio-temporal scanning analysis identified a total of four clustering areas,the primary clustering area was a cluster of 12 townships centered around Dongshi Street in the urban area,and four secondary areas were centered around townships in Jinzhai County and Huoshan County,including 11 townships in Jinzhai County and 2 townships in Huoshan County. The clustering time was from October 2018 to April 2019.The spatial clustering of different methods has similarities. Conclusion From 2017 to 2022,there is the spatial-temporal clustering of mumps incidence in Lu'an City,the range of hotspots of the disease is relatively stable,and it is necessary to strengthen targeted prevention and control measures in the main urban area,as well as some townships in Jinzhai County and Huoshan County in the future.

Analysis on causes of death and life lost among children and adolescents aged 5-<20 years old in Nanchang City during 2018 to 2022

ZHU Xiaolin, TANG Wenyi, ZHANG Jiabin, HUANG Xinyan, XIONG Wenyan, FAN Yibing

2024, 40(12):  1647-1651. 

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Objective To understand the patterns and level of death and impact on life expectancy among the children and adolescents aged 5-<20 years old in Nanchang City from 2018 to 2022,provide theoretical support for preventing childhood and adolescent mortality. Methods The death cases of children and adolescents aged 5-<20 years old were collected in death monitoring system in Nanchang City from 2018 to 2022,and were classified and coded the basic causes of death according to the international classification of diseases（ICD-10）.The descriptive epidemiological analysis was conducted by calculating the indicators of cause of death composition ratio,mortality rate,standardized mortality rate potential years of life loss（PYLL）,potential years of life lost rate（PYLLR）,standardized potential years of life loss（SPYLL） and standardized potential years of life loss rate（SPYLLR） of children and adolescents aged 5-<20 years old in Nanchang City from 2018 to 2022. Results From 2018 to 2022,the crude mortality rate of children and adolescents aged 5-<20 years old in Nanchang City was 20.16/100 000,and the standardized mortality rate was 19.76/100 000. The crude mortality rate of males（22.89/100 000） was higher than that of females（15.65/100 000）,and the difference was statistically significant（χ²=43.213,P<0.05）.Among children and adolescents aged 5-<20 years old,the top three diseases with high PYLL were injuries poisoning,tumor and circulation system disease.The total cause of death PYLL was 61 316.00 person years,the PYLLR was 1 130.81/100 000,the SPYLL was 58 040.65 person years,and the SPYLLR was 1 070.40/100 000. Conclusion The injuries poisoning,tumor and circulation system diseasehave seriously threatened the health of children and adolescents in Nanchang City,and relevant government departments should take effective measures to promote the physical and mental health development of children and adolescents.

Analysis on death trend of gastric cancer among residents in Dalian City from 2012 to 2022

LIN Hong, ZHOU Yiheng, MENG Jun

2024, 40(12):  1652-1656. 

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Objective To analyze the death distribution and trend of gastric cancer among residents in Dalian City from 2012 to 2022,provide policy reference and evaluation indicators for the comprehensive prevention and control of gastric cancer in Dalian City. Methods The monitoring data on causes of death from gastric cancer among residents in Dalian City from 2012 to 2022 were collected,and the statistical analysis was conducted on the mortality trend of gastric cancer using indicators such as standardized mortality rate,crude mortality rate,proportion of tumor causes of death,and annual percentage change（APC）. Results The standardized mortality rate（standardized mortality rate of China in 2010,hereafter referred to asstandardized mortality rate） of residents in Dalian City from 2012 to 2022 was 14.58/100 000（11.55/100 000-17.47/100 000）,showing a downward trend with increasing years,and the difference was statistically significant（APC=-3.729,t=29.549,P<0.05）.The crude mortality rate of gastric cancer was 25.51/100 000（23.65/100 000-27.219/100 000）,showing a downward trend with increasing years,and the difference was not statistically significant（APC=-0.795,t=2.192,P>0.05）.The proportion of gastric cancer as a cause of tumor death was 11.01%（9.60%-12.42%）,showing a downward trend with increasing years,and the difference was statistically significant（APC=-2.274,t=9.458,P<0.05）.The crude mortality rate andstandardized mortality rate of gastric cancer in female residents from 2012 to 2022 was 14.96/100 000（14.32/100 000-15.90/100 000） and 8.28/100 000（6.79/100 000-9.72/100 000） respectively,while those in male residents was 36.21/100 000（33.73/100 000-38.53/100 000） and 21.38/100 000（16.78/100 000-25.68/100 000） respectively,and the mortality rates of females were lower than those of males（crude mortality rate χ²=2 902.526,standardized mortality rate χ²=347.128,both P<0.05）.The standardized mortality rate of males and females decreased with the increase of year,and the differences were statistically significant（female APC=-3.149,t=6.589,P<0.05;male APC=-3.921,t=8.329,P<0.05）,while the crude mortality rate of males and females decreased with the increase of year,but the differences were not statistically significant（both P>0.05）.The mortality rate of residents in Dalian City increased with age,and the difference was statistically significant（χ²=44 952.256,P<0.05）,the mortality rate in ≥85 age group was the highest,and there was no death of gastric cancer in <20 age group.The proportion of people ≥60 years old increased with the increase of years,and the difference was statistically significant（APC=8.872,t=150.938,P<0.05）. Conclusions The overall mortality rate of gastric cancer among residents in Dalian City shows a decreasing trend. The mortality rate of females is lower than that of males. The mortality rategradually increases with age,and the proportion of tumor composition shows a decreasing trend. The standardized mortality rate shows a decreasing trend. The increase in the proportion of elderly population masks the extent of the decrease in crude mortality rate in the city.Meanwhile,the increase in the proportion of elderly population will increase the absolute number of deaths from gastric cancer,indicating the need to improve the level and scope of early screening,diagnosis and treatment of gastric cancer,and strengthen comprehensive intervention,so as to further reduce mortality of gastric cancer in Dalian City.

Chain mediating effect of compassion fatigue and organizational justice between job stressors and turnover intention in junior pediatric nurses

LIU Jieru, SHI Chongqing, XU Xiaomeng

2024, 40(12):  1657-1662. 

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Objective To explore the multiple mediating effects of compassion fatigue and organizational justice between job stressors and turnover intentions in pediatric junior nurses. Methods From November 2021 to January 2022,375 junior pediatric nurses from six hospitals in Wuhan City were selected as the study population using the convenience sampling method,the questionnaire survey were administered using the general information questionnaire,the turnover intention scale,the nurses' work stressors scale,the Chinese version of the compassion fatigue scale,and the nurses' organizational justice scale,and a mediation model was constructed. Results The total average score of turnover intention was （16.38±3.76）points,the total average score of job stressors was （89.28±22.39）points,the total average score of compassion fatigue was （90.55±16.12）points,and the total average score of organizational justice was （69.28±15.46）points.The job stressors were positively correlated with turnover intention（r=0.278,P<0.01）,the compassion fatigue was positively correlated with turnover intention and job stressors（r=0.337,0.284,both P<0.01）,and the organizational fairness score was negatively correlated with turnover intention,job stressors and compassion fatigue（r=-0.199,-0.217,-0.486,all P<0.01）. The direct effect of job stressors onturnover intention was 0.43,of which compassion fatigue and organizational justice showed mediating effect accounting for 17.90% and 6.30% respectively,and the chain mediating effect of the two accounted for 6.10%. Conclusions The turnover intention among pediatric junior nurses is at a moderate to a higher level,and compassion fatigue and organizational fairness play a chain mediating role between job stressors and turnover intention among junior pediatric nurses.The nursing managers should pay more attention to the job stressors and turnover intention of junior pediatric nurses,and can reduce the influence of job stressors on turnover intention by reducing compassion fatigue and improving organizational justice.

Environment and Health

Study on correlation between short-term exposure to atmospheric particulates and death from respiratory disease in Karamay

CHEN Peidi, LIU Xiaohang, ZHEN Shuaiyin, LI Junhao, HUANG Yun, LIU Jian

2024, 40(12):  1663-1668. 

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Objective To analyze the relationship between short-term exposure to atmospheric particulates and death from respiratory disease in Karamay. Methods The data on daily mean concentrations of atmospheric particulate matter and mortality from respiratory diseases in Karamay from 2014 to 2019 were collected.The Poisson generalized linear model was used,and the data were stratified by sex and age,to investigate the effect of short-term exposure to fine particulate matter（PM_2.5） and inhalable particles（PM₁₀） on mortality from respiratory disease. Results Overall,the association between atmospheric particulate matter （PM_2.5,PM₁₀） and disease mortality was the highest when Lag6 and Lag0,with 4.77%（95% CI：2.27-7.26） and 2.79%（95%CI：1.35-4.24）,respectively.According to gender group,PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ had the highest correlation in males when Lag6 and Lag0,with 1.42%（95%CI：1.02%-1.82%）,4.83%（95%CI：1.70%-7.97%） respectively,while they had the highest correlation in females when Lag0 and Lag4,with 6.37%（95%CI：2.42%-10.32%） and 3.47%（95%CI：1.19%-5.74%）respectively.According to age groups,PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ had the highest correlation in the age group <60 years old when Lag6,with 8.27%（95%CI：-0.86%-17.41%） and 4.17%（95% CI：-1.04%-9.38%） respectively,while they had the highest correlation in the age group ≥60 years old when Lag4 and Lag0,with 2.85%（95%CI：1.36%-4.34%） and 4.67%（95%CI：2.08%-7.25%）respectively. Conclusions The short-term exposure of PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ is associated with the death of respiratory disease among residents in Karamay City,and has a lagging effect,which has a greater association with the death of women.PM_2.5 has a longer lag time in the risk of death for people aged <60 years old,and PM₁₀ has a significant impact on the risk of death among people aged ≥ 60 years old.

School Health

Mediating role of interpersonal trust between self-esteem and subjective well-being among college students

TIAN Miaoqing, GUO Zhihui, YU Jianglong

2024, 40(12):  1669-1672. 

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Objective To understand the relationship between self-esteem,interpersonal trust,and subjective well-being of college students,and to test the mediating role of interpersonal trust between self-esteem and subjective well-being. Methods In December 2022,a questionnaire survey was conducted on 440 college students from four universities in Henan,Shaanxi,Hainan and Liaoning provinces using the subjective well-being scale,self-esteem scale and interpersonal trust scale,and the data were analyzed. Results The subjective well-being score of college students was（21.08±7.01）points,which belongs to the average level,while self-esteem[（26.67±4.20） points] and interpersonal trust[（83.18±16.35）points] were both above the average level. There were statistically significant differences in the scores of subjective well-being among college students of different genders,grades,places of origin and whether they were only children（all P<0.05）. There were statistically significant differences in interpersonal trust scores among college students of different grades,places of origin,whether they were class cadres,and whether they were only children（all P<0.01）. There were also statistically significant differences in self-esteem scores among college students of different places of origin（P<0.05）. There were significant positive correlations among self-esteem,interpersonal trust,life satisfaction,positive emotion and subjective well-being（r=0.23-0.97,all P<0.01）,while negative emotions were significantly negatively correlated with life satisfaction,self-esteem,and subjective well-being（r=-0.20,-0.36,-0.37,all P<0.01）. Interpersonal trust partially mediated the relationship between self-esteem and subjective well-being（β=0.45,P<0.01）,with an effect value of 0.14,accounting for 20.5% of the total effect. Conclusion Self esteem positively predicts subjective well-being,and interpersonal trust plays a partial mediating role between self esteem and subjective well-being.

Mediating effect of career decision making on bullying behavior and career exploration among nursing students in grade-A tertiary hospitals

ZHANG Jian, WU Chunyan, LI Hongyu

2024, 40(12):  1673-1677. 

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Objective To investigate the correlation between bullying behavior,career decision making and career exploration among nursing interns in grade-A tertiary hospitals in Jinzhou City,and to explore the mediating effect of career decision making between bullying behavior and career exploration,so as to provide a basis for nursing educators and managers to adopt targeted strategies and improve the career exploration level of nursing students. Methods A total of 318 nursing students who interned at 2 grade-A tertiary hospitals in Jinzhou City from June 2022 to March 2023 were selected by convenience sampling method. The Chinese version bullying behavior scale,career exploration questionnaire and career decision questionnaire were used to investigate the nursing students,and the data were analyzed. Results The total score of bullying behavior[M（P₂₅,P₇₅）] was 16.00（10.00,22.25）points,the total score of career decision making was （32.50±6.57）points,and the total score of career exploration was （57.98±11.10）points. Career exploration was positively correlated with career decision making（P<0.01）,and negatively correlated with bullying（P<0.01）. The Bootstrap test results showed that the mediating effect of career decision makingbetween bullying behavior and career exploration among intern nursing students in grade-A tertiary hospitals was -0.152（95%CI=-0.208--0.099）,accounting for 59.6% of the total effect. Conclusion There is a pairwise correlation between bullying behavior,career decision making and career exploration in two grade-A tertiary hospitals in Jinzhou City,and career decision making plays a negative mediating role between bullying behavior and career exploration. Nursing educators and managers should pay attention to the practice environment of nursing students,take effective measures to reduce the occurrence of bullying behavior,improve their career determination,and promote an increase of the frequency of career exploration.

Literature Analysis

Visualization analysis of mental health research hotspots among domestic and foreign medical staff based on CiteSpace

Buweimairiyemu Tuoheti, YAN Yuge, YANG Yuqi, LI Yan, HUANG Jiaoling

2024, 40(12):  1678-1683. 

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Objective To pay attention to the status of mental health research of medical personnel at home and abroad,provide basis and direction for improving the mental health problems of medical staff. Methods Based on CiteSpace software,the academic journals from the China National Knowledge Infrastructure（CNKI） and Web of Science（WOS） core collection databases were used as data sources,with themes such as "mental health" and "medical personnel" being used for retrieval,the search time range was from 2019 to 2023（as of January 20,2023）,and the visual analysis was performed on the obtained literature keywords and highlight words. Results Totally 357 CNKI articles and 4 655 articles in the WOS core collection were included in.The number of relevant research documents showed a fluctuating trend of rising first and then decreasing,the number of relevant documents at home and abroad grew rapidly in the early stage of this period and peaked in 2020 and 2021 respectively,subsequently,the growth rate decreased. The domestic research focus was the influencing factors of mental health problems of medical staff and focuses on social support,while the foreign research focus is the satisfaction of mental health and psychological care needs of medical staff.The domestic and foreign studies have focused on mental health issues of medical staff. Conclusions The foreign researchers pay more attention to the mental health problems of medical workers than those in China. The research hotspots in relevant fields at home and abroad have both common points and differences. The researchers in relevant fields should communicate together in the research process to provide more scientific theoretical references for improving the mental health problems of medical personnel,so as to promote the development of the service system in this field.

Investigation and Research

Analysis on surveillance of adverse events following immunization in Hedong District of Tianjin City from 2018 to 2022

GAO Yue, LI Yuanheng, LI Yingshu

2024, 40(12):  1684-1687. 

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Objective To analyze the occurrence characteristics,classified diagnosis and vaccination safety of suspected adverse events following immunization（AEFI） in Hedong District of Tianjin City from 2018 to 2022. Methods The data of AEFI cases in Hedong District of Tianjin City from 2018 to 2022 were collected by AEFI monitoring module of China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention,and vaccination data of various vaccines in Hedong District of Tianjin City from 2018 to 2022 were collected by Tianjin Immunization Planning Information Management System. The classification,occurrence time,gender,age,vaccine types,and clinical diagnosis distribution of AEFI were analyzed,and the data were analyzed. Results A total of 488 AEFI cases were detected in Hedong District of Tianjin City from 2018 to 2022,including 424 cases of general reaction,40 cases of abnormal reaction and 24 cases of coupling syndrome. The 5-year reported incidence rates were 66.91/100 000 dose,80.97/100 000 dose,35.26/100 000 dose,14.49/100 000 dose,and 4.00/100 000 dose,respectively. The most reported cases of AEFI were among children aged 1-<5 years old,followed by children aged 0-<1 year old. AEFI cases were mainly concentrated in 0-<2 days after vaccination,accounting for 82.17% of all cases. Involving 32 vaccines,among which the top three reported incidence vaccines were measles vaccine,leprosy vaccine,and DTaP-Hib quadruple vaccine. The general reactions diagnosed clinically as fever,redness,swelling,and induration accounted for 64.96%,with a reported incidence of 27.40/100 000 doses. The abnormal reactions diagnosed clinically as allergic reactions（allergic rash,urticaria,etc.） accounted for 6.35%,with a reported incidence of 2.68/100 000 doses. Conclusion The incidence of AEFI reports in Hedong District of Tianjin City has a downward trend from 2018 to 2022,and the incidence of abnormal reaction reports has been decreasing year by year. However,it is still necessary to strengthen AEFI training and improve the monitoring sensitivity of AEFI.

Analysis on occupational disease hazard declaration of 5 344 enterprises in Tianjin City

ZHAO Xue, FENG Linmin, GUO Xiaoxiao, LIU Jing

2024, 40(12):  1688-1691. 

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Objective To analyze the occupational disease hazard declaration situation of enterprises in Tianjin City and provide scientific basis for occupational disease prevention and control work in Tianjin City. Methods By using the declaration system of occupational disease hazards in Tianjin,we collected the information on enterprises that have been declared and reviewed from January to December 2022,and organize and analyze the distribution of occupational disease hazards. Results As of 2022,a total of 5 344 enterprises in Tianjin City had completed the application and passed the review,243 340 people（31.69%） were exposed to occupational hazard factors. The damaged population was mainly concentrated in the five districts in the outer suburbs（44.82%）,small enterprises（54.08%）,and domestic enterprises（31.82%）. In cases which the hazardous factors of the enterprise exceed the standard,the highest exceedance rate was noise（10.78%）,followed by high temperature（5.76%）. There were significant differences in the exposure rate,detection rate and health examination implementation rate between different regions,enterprise scales,economic types and industries（all P<0.01）. Conclusion The occupational disease prevention in Tianjin City should focus on small and micro enterprises,Hong Kong,Macao and Taiwan investment enterprises and foreign investment enterprises,with a focus on strengthening the supervision and management of enterprises with noise,high temperature and silica dust hazards. At the same time,efforts should be made to monitor occupational disease hazards and conduct health examinations.

Surveillance and analysis of adverse events following immunization in Heping District of Tianjin City from 2012 to 2022

YU Shuang, LI Sifan, SONG Lili, LI Xiaojing

2024, 40(12):  1692-1696. 

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Objective To analyze the occurrence characteristics and monitoring system indicators of adverse events following immunization（AEFI） in Heping District of Tianjin City from 2012 to 2022,understand the occurrence pattern of AEFI,evaluate the sensitivity of AEFI monitoring in Heping District of Tianjin City,and provide guidance for monitoring work. Methods The descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the case data of AEFI in Heping District of Tianjin City from 2012 to 2022 exported from the AEFI reporting module of the China disease prevention and control information system. Results From 2012 to 2022,232 cases of AEFI were reported in Heping District,with a reported incidence of 28.72/100 000,showing a fluctuating downward trend. The cases occurred mainly at first dose of vaccine,with a total of 123 cases,accounting for 53.02%. The male-to-female ratio was 1.23∶1. The group under 2 years old reported the highest number of cases,with children <1 year old accounting for 37.07% and the 1 year old group accounting for 31.90%.The summer and autumn seasons had the highest number of cases,accounting for 35.78% and 28.02% respectively.The reaction occurred mainly within 1 day after vaccination,accounting for 81.47%. The reaction type was mainly general reaction,accounting for 80.17%. The main symptoms of abnormal reactions were various allergic rashes,accounting for 76.92%.The vaccines with a higher incidence rate included vaccines related to measles,DPT（youth）,23 valent pneumonia vaccine. Conclusion The AEFI monitoring system in Heping District of Tianjin City runs well,but the sensitivity of the monitoring is insufficient,and it is necessary to strengthen training,supervision,and enhance reporting awareness,standardize the screening of vaccination taboos,accurately implement vaccination,strengthen post vaccination notification,strictly implement the 30 minute observation system after vaccination,eliminate vaccination errors,reduce coincidence,and focus on improving the monitoring sensitivity of adult vaccination clinic.

Analysis on HIV antibody detection and case report in Hedong District of Tianjin City from 2018 to 2022

SUN Lu, TIAN Zhihong, ZHAO Jiaxu, ZHAO Ting

2024, 40(12):  1697-1700. 

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Objective To discover the status of human immunodeficiency virus（HIV） antibody detection and positive cases in Hedong District of Tianjin City,and provide scientific reference for exploring cost-effective AIDS prevention and control strategies suitable for this area. Methods According to the sources collected from AIDS surveillance and epidemiological investigation in Hedong District from 2018 to 2022,the data of HIV antibody detection and case reports were summarized and analyzed. Results From 2018 to 2022,a total of 273 838 HIV antibody tests were carried out in Hedong District of Tianjin City,with a crude positive rate of 8.25/10 000,and the crude positive rate decreased slightly year by year from 2020.There was a statistically significant difference in the crude HIV positive detection rate among different testing sources（P<0.05）.Among which,the most people were found from pre-operation,with a total of 124 703 people.The most people were confirmed to be HIV positively by special investigation,with a number of 62 cases（all from men who have sex with men population）. The crude positive rate of voluntary counseling and testing was the highest,and the rate was 103.52/10 000.Among all confirmed cases detected in 2018-2022,32.74% were previously positive cases. Among the newly reported cases detected in Hedong District,98.68% were males and 62.50% were unmarried. Most of cases were 21-40 years old,accounting for 66.45%. The main transmission route was same-sex transmission,accounting for 76.97%.From 2018 to 2022,a total of 265 new cases were reported according to current address,of which 94 cases of special investigations accounted for the highest proportion（35.47%）. Conclusion There are differences in the intensity of finding cases from different testing sources in Hedong District of Tianjin City.It is known that voluntary counseling and testing,special investigation（men who have sex with men population） and the detection of patients in key departments of medical institutions are the main ways to find cases.It is necessary to further increase the number of tests and increase the intensity of testing,as well as continue to strengthen the publicity of AIDS prevention and control knowledge,and enhance residents' awareness of AIDS prevention and active detection.

Health Management and Research

Investigation on status quo and influencing factors of health emergency response ability of primary medical personnel in Dongying District of Dongying City

ZHANG Shaoqiang, MA Jingcui, CHEN Yue, WANG Jinyang

2024, 40(12):  1701-1704. 

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Objective To study the current situation and influencing factors of health emergency response ability of primary medical personnel in Dongying District of Dongying City,provide reference for further improving the response capacity of grassroots medical personnel to public health emergencies. Methods In June 2023,a cluster sampling method was used to select 15 primary medical institutions from Dongying,and 1 081 primary medical workers were selected as the survey objects. A questionnaire survey was conducted on the three dimensions of emergency knowledge,attitude and skills for public health emergencies,and the data were analyzed. Results The total score of the health emergency ability of grassroots medical personnel was（181.43±28.88）points,with the lowest score in the dimension of health emergency skills and the highest score in the dimension of emergency attitude. The multiple linear regression analysis showed that the highest education level for medical personnel,whether they have participated in training related to public health emergencies,whether they have participated in emergency drills,and whether they have participated in emergency rescue operations were the influencing factors on the health emergency response ability of medical personnel（all P<0.05）. Conclusion The health emergency capabilities of grassroots medical personnel in Dongying District of Dongying City are at a qualified level,and the health department should further strengthen training and drills to enhance the ability of grassroots medical emergency teams,improve rescue plans for various emergencies,and strengthen team drills to enhance the emergency response and collaborative work capabilities of medical emergency teams.

Overview

Research progress and management implications on the influencing factors of emotional labor among nurses

LI Tanjian, WANG Yu, LI Yaqin, LIU Ting

2024, 40(12):  1705-1708. 

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Emotional labor refers to the process in which employees manage and control their internal and external emotions during work, in order to express emotions that are consistent with organizational rules. Nursing work is an intensive industry of emotional labor, and appropriate emotional labor investment and expression can improve the positive emotional experience of nurses, maintain good nurse?patient relationships, and bring better work conditions. Improper expression of emotional labor can lead to excessive consumption of nursing staff's own resources and exacerbate the generation of negative emotions. This article reviews the concept, measurement tools and the current situation of influencing factors of nurses' emotional labor, and proposes corresponding management suggestions from the aspects of social demographic factors, psychological characteristics and professional environment of nurses, aiming at providing references for clinical nursing managers to better manage emotional labor among nurses, improve their emotional expression ability, and conduct related intervention research in the future for nursing researchers.

Application of cognitive flexibility measurement technology in air force pilot selection

ZOU Mingxuan, JI Jing, HE Yuqing, YIN Mengxin, WEI Huaihuai, WANG Xiuchao

2024, 40(12):  1709-1715. 

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The cognitive flexibility is a human ability to adapt to changes in the internal and external environment,and is an important indicator for predicting individual psychological well-being and the production of positive behavioral outcomes.There is a lack of measurement of cognitive flexibility in pilot psychological selection and a lack of summary of existing research on quantitative ways to assess cognitive flexibility. This paper summarizes four major categories of cognitive flexibility measurement techniques,introduces and analyzes the classic experimental tasks and paradigms in each major category considering the characteristics of the pilot work environment. In the future,multiple measurement methods can be combined to include self-report tests in pilots' paper-and-pencil tests,and computerized task transformation paradigms can be used to distinguish individual cognitive flexibility levels by combining event related potential components of relevant functional brain regions.

Research progress on sense of coherence among elderly people in the community

WANG Xiaotong, HU Hui

2024, 40(12):  1716-1720. 

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With the increasing aging population in China,the psychological problems of elderly people are gradually receiving attention. The study of psychological consistency among community elderly people provides a certain reference for community mental health management and nursing in China. By reviewing relevant literature at home and abroad,this article reviews the definition,theoretical models,evaluation tools,main influencing factors and intervention measures of psychological consistency,in order to better enhance the psychological consistency of community elderly people and improve their quality of life.

Research progress of pollutant detection technology in milk based on nucleic acid aptamer

ZHANG Wenjiao, LI Ming, SHI Ying

2024, 40(12):  1721-1728. 

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The food safety issues have emerged one after anotherin recent years and the public is increasingly concerned about the safety of milk and its products.In order to ensure food safety and protect human health,convenient and rapid food testing techniques are needed to quantitatively detect contaminants in food. This paper reviews the application of traditional detection methods such as chromatography,spectroscopy,and electrochemical methods in the detection of food contaminant residues. On this basis,the paper focuses on the new detection method based on nucleic acid aptamer technology for multiple contaminants in milk,including antibiotics,heavy metals,aflatoxins,and melamine residues,to provide a reference for the development of diverse and convenient nucleic acid aptamer technology in the future.