Table of Content

01 July 2024, Volume 40 Issue 13

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Treatise

Observation of electromyography and the impact of nutritional status on disease recovery in patients with occupational chronic n-hexane poisoning

CHEN Yuwen, KONG Yulin, LIU Xiaolin, ZHOU Mi, ZHAO Yiming, MIN Chunyan

2024, 40(13):  1729-1733. 

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Objective To follow up and analyze the results of neuro electromyography（EMG） in patients with occupational chronic n-hexane poisoning,and to analyze the general clinical indicators and related nutritional status of patients,and to explore the impact of nutritional status on disease recovery. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on 62 patients with occupational chronic n-hexane poisoning admitted from 2008 to 2021,and they were selected as the case group. Totally 62 healthy examiners during the same period were selected as the control group,and the clinical data and electromyography results of the two groups were compared. Follow up and compare the electromyographic examination results of each patient in the case group before treatment and 3 and 6 months after treatment. Grouping within the case group,patients diagnosed with mild poisoning were divided into one group（mild group）,and patients diagnosed with moderate to severe poisoning were divided into another group（moderate to severe group）. The nutritional status of the two groups,such as body mass index（BMI）,hemoglobin,total cholesterol,triglycerides, blood glucose,and serum albumin were compared. Results The motor nerve latency in the case group was delayed than in the controls（all P<0.05）,and the motor nerve conduction velocity（MCV） and sensory nerve conduction velocity（SCV） of the case group were all slowed down compared to the control group（both P<0.05）. In the case group,the proximal latency of the ulnar nerve[6.95（6.38,7.98）ms] was shortened after 3 months of treatment（P<0.05）,while the rest of the nerve latency did not improve significantly. In MCV,the conduction velocity of the ulnar nerve[53.80（46.34,57.95）m/s] increased（P<0.05）,while the improvement in conduction velocity of the median nerve and common peroneal nerve was not significant. In SCV,the conduction velocity of the ulnar nerve[43.08（38.83,47.79）m/s] increased（P<0.018）,while the improvement in the conduction velocity of the median nerve was not significant. Six months after treatment,the distal latency of the median nerve[3.36（2.89,3.82）ms],the proximal latency of the median nerve[7.28（6.54,8.35）ms],the distal latency of the ulnar nerve[2.60（2.39,3.06）ms],and the proximal latency of the ulnar nerve[6.78（6.29,7.81）ms] were all shortened compared to admission（all P<0.018）,while the improvement in the distal and proximal latency of the common peroneal nerve was not significant. MCV and SCV were significantly accelerated（all P<0.018）. In the case group,the hemoglobin[（135.85±10.87）g/L],red blood cells[（4.52±0.55）×10¹²/L] and serum albumin[（44.51±4.65）g] in the mild group were significantly higher than those in the moderate to severe group（all P<0.05）. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that,hemoglobin（OR=0.99,95%CI：0.93-1.05）、red blood cells（OR=0.21,95%CI：0.03-1.47）,serum albumin（OR=0.78, 95%CI：0.64-0.95） were protective factors for moderate to severe poisoning,while fasting blood glucose（OR=18.42,95%CI：2.14-159.01） was a risk factor for moderate to severe poisoning. Conclusion The neuroelectromyographic examination results of patients with n-hexane poisoning did not show significant improvement after 3 months of treatment,but showed significant improvement after 6 months of treatment. Early improvement of the patient's nutritional status can accelerate the recovery of peripheral nerve function in patients with n-hexane poisoning.

Analysis on epidemiological characteristics of new occupational pneumoconiosis cases of mining and dressing industry of tungsten-molybdenum ore in Ganzhou City from 2006 to 2022

SONG Yingli, YANG Yanxiang, LI Tengfang, DUAN Dechang, ZOU Zhixiang, LIAO Yong

2024, 40(13):  1734-1737. 

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Objective To analyze the new occupational diseases cases in the tungsten molybdenum ore and dressing industry in Ganzhou City from 2006 to 2022,and provide scientific basis for effective prevention and control of occupational diseases. Methods The newly diagnosed occupational pneumoconiosis of mining and dressing industry of tungsten-molybdenum ore in Ganzhou City from 2006 to 2022 were exported from the monitoring information subsystem of occupational diseases and health hazards of China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention. The types,genders,stages,regions,age of initial diagnosis, and years of silica dust exposure of patients with pneumoconiosis were analyzed,and epidemiological descriptions were conducted. Results The newly diagnosed occupational diseases in the mining and processing industry of tungsten and molybdenum mines in Ganzhou were all male silicosis patients,with Chongyi County,Dayu County and Ningdu County having the higher incidence of newly diagnosed occupational pneumoconiosis. The scale of enterprises was mainly small（61 cases）,accounting for 50.83% of the total. Among the occupations,rock drilling workers had the highest incidence of occupational pneumoconiosis,with 22 cases accounting for 18.33% of the total. The average age of onset of newly diagnosed occupational pneumoconiosis in the tungsten molybdenum mining and selection industry in Ganzhou City was （50.75±5.16）years old,and there was no statistically significant difference in the age of onset of pneumoconiosis among different stages and counties（both P>0.05）. The average length of service was 12.00（7.87,17.50）years,and there was no statistically significant difference in the length of service at different stages of pneumoconiosis incidence（P>0.05）. There was a statistically significant difference in the length of service at the onset of pneumoconiosis among different counties（P<0.05）,with the longest length of service being 28.00（23.00,32.00）years in Yudu County. Conclusion The situation of pneumoconiosis prevention and control in tungsten-molybdenum mining and dressing industry is still serious,and it is necessary to focus on strengthening the occupational disease prevention and control of male silicosis,with Chongyi County,Dayu County and Ningdu County as key counties for prevention and control. We should strengthen the monitoring of occupational hazards and dust and poison control in key industries and positions.

Dust and noise detection results and hazard risk assessment of stone processing industry in Dalian City

YAN Rui, XING Peng, QU Chunqing, GUO Zhongfei, WEI Wei, LI Zhenxue

2024, 40(13):  1738-1742. 

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Objective To understand the status of occupational hazards caused by dust and noise in stone processing industry in Dalian City,protect the occupational health of workers,and provide basis and suggestions for the prevention and control of occupational diseases in this industry. Methods From March to August 2023,140 stone processing enterprises in Dalian City were randomly selected to conduct an occupational health field survey and occupational disease hazard factor detection. The risk level of exposure to silica dust and noise hazards in stone processing enterprises in Dalian City was evaluated through semi-quantitative risk assessment method,job grading and other methods. Results All of the 140 stone processing enterprises were private small and micro enterprises,using granite as the raw material. The content of free silica ranged from 10.21% to 56.50%,all of which were silica dust. Totally 277 samples of silicon dust and noise were collected,with exceeding rates of 83.39% and 90.61%,respectively. The exceeding rate of silicon dust concentration and noise intensity was slightly different among different positions. The highest（94.44%） of silicon dust was in the big cut position,and the lowest（14.29%） was in the water mill position,the noise was highest in the big cut positions（97.83%）,and lower in the water mill positions（71.43%） . The overall occupational health risk for positions exposed to silicon dust in 140 enterprises was extremely high,especially for positions with big cut,small cut and polishing,accounting for 58.70%,48.45% and 58.00%,respectively. The classification of silica dust was mainly "Moderate hazard"（64.98%）,while that of noise was "Severe hazard"（36.46%）. The allocation rate of protective equipment（66.43%）,protective equipment allocation rate（68.57%） and occupational health examination rate（6.49%） were relatively low. Conclusion The hazards of dust and noise in the stone processing industry in Dalian City are relatively serious. It is necessary to further strengthen the occupational health management of enterprises,do a good job in occupational health monitoring,equip workers with personal protective equipment that meets standards according to requirements,and urge workers to do personal protection well. At the same time,occupational health supervision and management in the stone processing industry should be strengthened.

Analysis on individual dosage monitoring results of radiation workers in medical institutions in Baoji City from 2013 to 2022

HU Xinmei, WANG Zhongli, LIU Hongying, CHAO Hui, GUO Qiang, KANG Zhidong

2024, 40(13):  1743-1747. 

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Objective To analyze the level and change trend of external radiation dose of radiation workers in medical institutions in Baoji City,provide reference for occupational health management of radiation workers in Baoji City. Methods The individual dose of occupational external exposure of radiation workers was monitored by thermoluminescence dosimeter and the data from 2013 to 2022 were analyzed. Results From 2013 to 2022,Baoji Center for Disease Control and Prevention monitored 2 834 adiological workers in medical institutions,and effectively monitored 2 384 people,and the the difference in the effective detection rate was statistically significant among different years（P<0.05）. 92.2% radiological workers had the annual effective dose <1.0 mSv, and the annual effective dose per capita was between 0.22 and 0.79 mSv. The average annual effective dose per capita in 10-<20 and 20-<30 years of working group was higher than that in <10 years of working group. The differences in the per capita annual effective dose were statistically significant among radiological workers in different years,different types of work and different level of hospitals（all P<0.05）. The nuclear medicine workers had the highest annual effective dose per capita（0.81 mSv）,followed by radiotherapy workers（0.52 mSv） and diagnostic radiology workers（0.50 mSv）. The per capita annual effective dose of radiological workers in gradeⅠand unrated medical institutions was higher than that in grade Ⅱ and Ⅲ medical institutions. Conclusions The effective detection rate of radiation workers in medical institutions in Baoji City from 2013 to 2022 has increased year by year,the individual dose of radiation workers is at a low level,and the annual effective dose per capita shows a downward trend. It is necessary to focus on the health status of nuclear medicine workers,medicine workers in gradeⅠand unrated medical institutions,and medicine workers with 10-30 years of radiological service,and carry out targeted education on radiological protection.

Relationship between health literacy,work family conflict and occupational fatigue among taxi drivers in Beijing

REN Yi, SUN Jingmiao, LI Min

2024, 40(13):  1748-1752. 

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Objective To investigate the health literacy,work family conflict and occupational fatigue status of taxi drivers in Beijing,and explore the relationship among the three. Methods From April to June 2023,a cross-sectional survey was conducted on 537 taxi drivers in Beijing using general information questionnaire,adult health literacy scale,work family conflict scale,and fatigue assessment scale,and the survey results were analyzed. Results The total score of health literacy among 537 taxi drivers in Beijing was （11.46±1.39）points,the total average score of work family conflict was （3.34±0.62）points,and the total average score of occupational fatigue was （4.88±0.62）points. The health literacy of taxi drivers was negatively correlated with work family conflict and occupational fatigue（r=-0.749,-0.722,all P<0.01）,while work family conflict was positively correlated with occupational fatigue（r=0.724,P<0.01）. Health literacy and work family conflict had a direct effect on occupational fatigue（β=-0.301,0.494,both P<0.01）. There was a partial mediating effect of work family conflict on the relationship between health literacy and occupational fatigue of taxi drivers,with the mediating effect accounting for 41.65% of the total effect. Conclusion Relevant departments can take proactive measures and introduce relevant policies to alleviate work family conflicts among taxi drivers by improving their health literacy,thereby further improving their occupational fatigue.

Mediating effect of psychological capital on job stress and job burnout in ophthalmic nurses

YANG Dahui, CHEN Qiong, CHEN Xiangfan, XU Na, ZHOU Min

2024, 40(13):  1753-1757. 

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Objective To understand the mediating effect of psychological capital on job burnout and job stress in ophthalmic nurses. Methods Totally 194 valid questionnaires were collected from ophthalmic nurses in three hospitals in Chongqing from January to March 2023 by convenience sampling method. And the data were analyzed. Results The scores of psychological capital,work stress and job burnout among 194 ophthalmic nurses were （59.69±19.82）,（25.10±7.48） and （75.01±20.69）points,respectively. There were statistically significant differences in the scores of psychological capital,work stress and job burnout among ophthalmic nurses with different demographic characteristics（P<0.01）. The psychological capital was negatively correlated with job stress and job burnout of ophthalmic nurses（r=-0.701,-0.772,all P<0.01）. The job stress was positively correlated with job burnout of ophthalmic nurses（r=0.805,P<0.01）. The psychological capital played a partial mediating role between job stress and job burnout of ophthalmic nurses,and the mediating effect was 0.286,accounting for 35.53% of the total effect. Conclusion The psychological capital of 194 ophthalmic nurses is at a low level,while the job stress and job burnout are at a high level,and enhancing the psychological capital of ophthalmic nurses helps to reduce their level of work stress and occupational burnout.

Analysis on epidemiological characteristics of occupational pneumoconiosis in Tai'an City from 2006 to 2022

WEI Hong, WANG Changyong, LIU Bing, WANG Ying

2024, 40(13):  1758-1763. 

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Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of occupational pneumoconiosis in Tai'an City from 2006 to 2022,provide scientific evidence for developing prevention and treatment strategies. Methods The data of newly diagnosed pneumoconiosis in Tai'an City from 2006 to 2022 were obtained from the "Information Monitoring System for Occupational Diseases and Health Hazards". A descriptive analysis was performed for the distribution characteristics of disease species,diagnosis age,length of dust exposure,region,enterprise economic type,scale,industries and the epidemic trend of pneumoconiosis. Results Totally 1 142 cases of new pneumoconiosis were reported in Tai'an City mainly in stageⅠ（90.37%）. The top four categories were coal workers' pneumoconiosis（979 cases,85.73%）,silicosis（78 cases,6.83%）,electric welder's pneumoconiosis（33 cases,2.89%） and cast workers' pneumoconiosis（31 cases,2.71%）,with more males than females. The diagnosis age[M（P₂₅,P₇₅）] was 55（49,66） years old,and cases of diagnosis age ≥55 years old accounted for 51.84%. The length of dust exposure[M（P₂₅,P₇₅）] was 25.00（17.33,30.00）years,and pneumoconiosis cases of length of dust exposure <5 years accounted for 1.75%. The number of pneumoconiosis cases showed a decreasing trend with the years totally,but increasing in some years. The optimal fitting curves of pneumoconiosis,coal workers' pneumoconiosis and electric welder's pneumoconiosis with the years were S-shaped curve,S-shaped curve and cubic curve,and were predicted to be 127,104 and 1 cases respectively from 2023 to 2027. The pneumoconiosis cases were mainly distributed in Feicheng City and Xintai City,with 497 cases（43.52%） and 433 cases（37.92%） respectively. The economic type of enterprises reporting pneumoconiosis was mainly state-owned enterprises（75.92%）,while 60.51% and 32.05% pneumoconiosis cases came from large and medium-sized enterprises. From 2014 to 2022,the proportion of state-owned and large-medium-sized enterprises decreased,while that of non-state-owned and small-micro-sized enterprises increased. The coal mining and washing industry reported the largest number of cases,accounting for 81.00% and its proportion showed a "zigzag" trend of ups and downs from 2006 to 2022. Conclusion The coal workers' pneumoconiosis is the predominant one in Tai'an City. Feicheng county and Xintai county should be listed as the key areas,state-owned enterprises and large-medium-sized enterprises as the key enterprises,coal mining and washing industry as the key industries,with the strengthened supervision of non-state-owned enterprises and small-micro-sized enterprises,to further strengthen the prevention and treatment.

Influence of ability,face pressure and psychological capital on job burnout of nurses in intensive care unit

LI Min, WANG Chengzhong, DENG Xiaoling

2024, 40(13):  1764-1768. 

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Objective To explore the influence of ability，face pressure and psychological capital on job burnout of nurses in intensive care unit（ICU）. Methods From September to November 2022，a simple random sampling method was used to select 174 nurses in the intensive care unit of four tertiary hospitals in Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture. The survey was conducted using the general situation scale，the ability face pressure scale，the psychological capital scale and the job burnout scale，and the data was analyzed. Results The score of ability and face pressure of nurses in ICU was （13.86±2.82）points，the score of psychological capital was （84.32±16.42）points，and the score of job burnout was （62.32±10.06）points. The ability face pressure scores of ICU nurses with different genders，ages，educational backgrounds，professional titles，working years，monthly income，and monthly night shift frequencies were compared，and the differences were statistically significant（all P<0.05）. The psychological capital scores of ICU nurses with different ages，professional titles，working years，and monthly income were compared，and the differences were statistically significant（all P<0.05）. The job burnout scores of ICU nurses with different ages，professional titles，working years，monthly income，monthly night shift frequency，and marital status were compared，and the differences were statistically significant（all P<0.05）. Job burnout was positively correlated with ability face pressure（r=0.619，P<0.01），and negatively correlated with psychological capital（r=-0.642，P<0.01）. Ability face pressure was negatively correlated with psychological capital（r=-0.528，P<0.01）. Psychological capital played a part of intermediary role between ability face pressure and job burnout，with a mediating effect of 0.262，accounting for 49.62% of the total effect. Conclusion The psychological capital of ICU nurses in the tertiary hospitals of Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture plays a partial mediating role between ability face pressure and job burnout. On the basis of reducing the ability face pressure of nurses，improving the level of psychological capital is conducive to reducing their job burnout level.

Influence of grit and mental toughness on job burnout of internal medicine nurses in tertiary hospitals in Nanjing City

SUN Hong, YAN Tinghua, YU Ying, QIN Suping, ZHAN Hui, SHE Liping

2024, 40(13):  1769-1773. 

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Objective To explore the influence of grit and mental toughness of internal medicine nurses on job burnout,and provide reference for reducing job burnout. Methods From May to July 2022,228 internal medicine nurses from three tertiary hospitals in Nanjing City were selected by convenient sampling method as the research objects. A questionnaire survey was conducted using the strength of grit scale,mental toughness scale and job burnout scale,and the data was analyzed. Results The grit,mental toughness and job burnout score of internal medicine nurses in three tertiary hospitals in Nanjing City were （32.46±4.82）,（81.78±14.26） and （58.47±11.32）points,respectively. The comparison of grit scores among internal medicine nurses of different ages,years of service, professional titles,marital status,and monthly income showed statistically significant differences（all P<0.05）. The comparison of mental toughness scores among internal medicine nurses of different ages,years of service,professional titles,marital status,and monthly income showed statistical significance（all P<0.05）. The comparison of job burnout scores among internal medicine nurses of different ages,years of service,professional titles,and monthly income showed statistical significance（all P<0.05）. The grit score of internal medicine nurses was positively correlated with their mental toughness score,and negatively correlated with their job burnout score（both P<0.01）. The score of mental toughness was negatively correlated with the score of job burnout（P<0.01）. The results of stratified regression analysis showed that grit and mental toughness were the influencing factors of job burnout among internal medicine nurses,which could explain 33.1% of the total variation in job burnout among internal medicine nurses. Conclusion The grit and mental toughness of internal medicine nurses are closely related to job burnout. Improving the level of grit and mental toughness is beneficial for reducing the level of occupational burnout.

Simultaneous determination of trans-trans mucofuric acid and phenylthiouric acid in urine by online solid-phase extraction liquid chromatography mass spectrometry

HE Zongjian, MO Yuming, NING Panliang, ZHU Dingji, QIN Limei, LI Yan

2024, 40(13):  1774-1777. 

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Objective To establish an online solid-phase extraction liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry method for the simultaneous determination of trans-trans mucofuric acid and phenylmercaptouric acid in urine. Methods The urine samples were centrifuged and processed on the machine,purified and enriched by online solid-phase extraction on HLB column（20 mm×3.9 mm×15 μm）,and analysed by C18 column（150 mm×4.6 mm×5 μm）,detected by linear ion trap mass spectrometry. Results The linear range of trans-trans mucofuric acid and phenylmercaptouric acid were 0.0-15.0 mg/L and 0.0-500.0 μg/L,with correlation coefficients of 0.999 8 and 0.999 9,and detection limits of 3.5 and 0.1 μg/L,the recovery rates were 103.3%-108.8%,and the relative standard deviations were 2.8%-8.4%. Conclusion The sample pre-treatment of this method only requires centrifuged,which is simple and fast,with accurate results,good reproducibility and high sensitivity,and it was suitable for the detection of biological monitoring indicators in large quantities of occupational benzene exposure population.

Improvements of the determination method for free silica in workplace dust

HE Hongliang, LI Sha, WANG Yongfeng, YANG Ying, GAO Kang

2024, 40(13):  1778-1781. 

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Objective By improving the pyrophosphate method for determining the amount of free silica pyrophosphate in dust,the dilution process,and the filtration and washing temperature,the operation process of pyrophosphoric acid method for measuring free silica in dust has been further optimized,so that the influence factors of the determination process are significantly reduced,and the detection speed is improved,so as to ensure the timely and accurate results. Methods Dust samples were heated with 25 mL pyrophosphoric acid to 245-250 ℃ for 15 min,placed it at 60-80 ℃,poured it into 90 ℃ hot distilled water（150-200 mL）. Boil it,filter it while it was hot,and then wash it with 0.1 mol/HCl（70-80 ℃）. Finally,washed with hot distilled water at 70-80 ℃ until neutral. Electric furnace carbonization,ash between 800 ℃ and 900 ℃,and calculate the results after ash. Results The use of 25 mL of pyrophosphoric acid allowed the mercury bulb of the thermometer to be fully immersed in the pyrophosphoric acid,making it easier to operate at a digestion temperature between 245 and 250 ℃,preventing the formation of jelly due to excessive digestion temperature and affecting the normal operation of the next step. Place（60-80 ℃） and pour it into 90 ℃ hot distilled water（150-200 mL） to boil. This dilution process was easy to operate and does not produce gel like substances,avoiding the impact on the next step of operation. Filter while hot,and then wash with about 0.1 mol/L HCl（70-80 ℃）. Finally,washed with hot distilled water at 70-80 ℃ until neutral,accelerating the filtration process,shortening the detection time,and improving work efficiency. Conclusion By changing the pyrophosphoric acid dosage,dilution process and filtration washing temperature,the determination process can be further optimized,the influence factors of the determination process can be significantly reduced,and the determination speed can be significantly accelerated. The experiment proves that the optimized pyrophosphoric acid can be used to detect the free silica content in dust.

Analysis on monitoring results of chemical pollutants and harmful factors in food in Cangzhou City from 2018 to 2022

ZHAI Yanan, ZHANG Wei, YANG Fengyan, YANG Wenna, SUN Hongxuan, GONG Ziyu

2024, 40(13):  1782-1788. 

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Objective To understand the pollution level and trends of chemical pollutants and harmful factors in food in Cangzhou City,analyze the possible sources of harmful factors,proactively identify safety hazards in food,and provide data support for food safety risk assessment,standard formulation,revision,tracking evaluation and risk management in Cangzhou City. Methods According to the Food Safety Risk Monitoring Program of Cangzhou every year,various food samples were collected from different circulation links within the jurisdiction of Cangzhou City,and the relevant chemical pollutants and harmful factors in the samples were tested according to the standard operating procedures in the National Food Pollution and Harmful Factors Risk Monitoring Manual,and the results were statistically analyzed. Results From 2018 to 2022,a total of 815 food samples from 19 categories were tested for 198 indicators,with a sample qualification rate of 93.37%. Among them,17 indicators exceeded the standard in 54 samples from 7 categories,with an exceeding rate of 6.63%. The exceeding rates from high to low were metallic elements（16.57%）,veterinary drug residues and banned drugs（6.43%）,pesticide residues（5.08%） and biological toxins（2.79%）. Conclusion The situation of chemical contamination in food in Cangzhou City from 2018 to 2022 was generally good,but there was an upward trend. The monitoring results showed that some food still had high safety risks,and targeted measures should be taken to continue strengthening the supervision of key links and effectively ensuring food safety for the public.

Relationship between visual fatigue,emotion and sleep quality in military personnel engaged in computer work

WANG Yuan, XIA Liping, XIN Shen, LI Danni, ZHAO Hongwei, SHI Lei

2024, 40(13):  1788-1792. 

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Objective To investigate the degree of visual fatigue and its relationship with emotions and sleep quality in military personnel who have been engaged in computer work for a long time,provide theoretical basis for promoting eye health and improving protection against visual fatigue in military personnel. Methods From September to December 2022,the eye examinations were conducted on 863 grassroots soldiers who had been engaged in computer work for a long time using cluster random sampling method. The questionnaire investigation was performed by the visual fatigue scale（VFS）,self-rating anxiety scale（SAS）,self-rating depression scale（SDS）,and Pittsburgh sleep quality index（PSQI）,and the data were analyzed statistically. Results The visual acuity of soldiers was 0.91±0.21 with glasses,the intraocular pressure was （14.44±3.10）mmHg,the visual fatigue score[M（P₂₅,P₇₅）] was 10.0（6.0,17.0）points,with the detection rate was 44.2%. The score[M（P₂₅,P₇₅）] of anxiety,depression and PSQI was 37.5（30.00, 50.00）,38.75（30.00,50.00） and 4.00（2.00,6.00）points,respectively. There were no statistically significant differences in the visual acuity,intraocular pressure,and scores of depression,anxiety and sleep quality among soldiers with different gender,age,and educational background（all P>0.05）,and the difference in the visual fatigue score was statistically significant（P<0.05）. The visual fatigue in soldiers with computer work was positively correlated with anxiety and sleep quality index（r=0.189-0.359,all P<0.01）,and negatively correlated with vision（r=-0.77,P<0.05）. There was statistically significant differences in the anxiety level and PSQI among soldiers with different visual fatigue（all P<0.01）. The anxiety and sleep quality had a certain impact on visual fatigue,and anxiety had a mediating effect between sleep quality and visual fatigue,with the effect value of 4.5%. Conclusion The visual fatigue of military personnel engaging in computer work for a long time is closely related to anxiety and sleep quality,and actively alleviating anxiety and improving sleep quality have positive significance in helping soldiers improve visual fatigue in special job positions.

Analysis on probability and years of life lost from premature mortality caused by major chronic diseases in Feingtai District of Beijing from 2014 to 2021

WU Yuchen, XIN Zhenjiang, XIAO Wen, CHEN Lili, MA Jiantong, XIE Junqing

2024, 40(13):  1793-1799. 

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Objective To analyze the change trend of mortality and premature mortality caused by four major noncommunicable diseases（cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases,malignant tumors,chronic respiratory diseases and diabetes,hereinafter referred to as major chronic diseases） in Fengtai District of Beijing from 2014 to 2021,so as to provide data support for chronic disease prevention and control in Fengtai District of Beijing. Methods The crude mortality rate,standardized mortality rate,premature mortality and average years of life lost of registered residents in Fengtai District of Beijing from 2014 to 2021 were calculated,and joinpoint regression model was applied to analyze the time trend by which the average annual percentage change（AAPC） was evaluated. And the average increasing rate of premature mortality was also estimated to verify whether the predicated values meet the standard ones in year 2025 and 2030. Results During 2014-2021,the crude mortality rate of major chronic diseases among 30-69 year-old population in Fengtai District of Beijing was on the rise（AAPC=1.63%,P<0.05）,while the standardized mortality rates in females showed a decreasing trend（AAPC=-3.20%,P<0.05）. The proportion of deaths caused by major chronic diseases to deaths caused by chronic diseases showed upward trend（AAPC=-0.07%,P<0.05）. The proportion of deaths caused by major chronic diseases to total deaths was on the rise（AAPC=1.28,P<0.05）. The proportion of deaths caused by chronic diseases before 70 years old showed a downward trend（AAPC=-0.91,P<0.05）. The premature mortality probability of major chronic diseases reflected in the range of 9.96% to 11.30% among registered residents in Fengtai District of Beijing from 2014 to 2021,and the trend was not statistically significant（AAPC=-0.98%,P>0.05）. The premature mortality probability of major chronic diseases in females showed a decreasing trend（AAPC=-4.97%,P<0.05）. In the same year,the premature mortality probability in males was higher than that in females,and the premature mortality probabilities in malignant tumors and cardiovascular diseases were higher than those in chronic respiratory and diabetes mellitus. The potential years of life lost（PYLL） among 30-69 year-old registered residents in Fengtai District of Beijing from 2014 to 2021 was 379 806.13 person-year. The PYLL of homogeneous chronic diseases in the same year,were higher in men than in women. The average years of life lost（AYLL） among 30-69 year-old registered residents in Fengtai District of Beijing from 2014 to 2021 was 22.47 years. The AYLL of homogeneous chronic diseases in the same year,were higher in men than in women. According to the annual average change rate of premature mortality probability in Fengtai District of Beijing from 2014 to 2021,the predicted value of premature mortality probability in women in 2025 can meet the requirements of the "China's medium and long term plan for the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases（2025）" target value,while the predicted value of premature mortality probability in women in 2030 can meet the requirements of the "healthy China 2030" target value. The predicted value of premature mortality probability for the entire population by 2030 can meet the requirements of the "Healthy Beijing 2030" target value. Conclusion Males are the vital groups in the prevention and treatment of major chronic diseases in Fengtai District of Beijing. It is imperious to improve the monitoring and intervention of related risk factors to reduce the premature mortality probability. Among 30-69 year-old registered residents in Fengtai District of Beijing,the AYLL caused by major chronic diseases in females is higher than that in males,so special attention should be paid to women in the younger age group.

Injury monitoring and fall analysis of the elderly in Shibei District of Qingdao City from 2021 to 2022

ZHU Zhigang, XIN Lezhong, WANG Kang, XU Yuankai

2024, 40(13):  1800-1804. 

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Objective To analyze the injury cases and fall characteristics of the elderly aged ≥65 in Shibei District of Qingdao Gity from 2021 to 2022,and provide reference for formulating injury prevention strategies and measures for the elderly. Methods The data of injury surveillance cases ≥65 years old reported in outpatient and emergency departments of 12 sentinel hospitals in Shibei District from 2021 to 2022 were collected by the National Injury Surveillance System,and the data were analyzed. Results A total of 5 869 cases of injury seeking medical treatment aged ≥65 were reported in Shibei District of Qingdao City,accounting for 13.76% of all injury cases. The top three causes of injury were fall（64.70%）,burn and scald（7.74%） and motor vehicle accidents（7.58%）. The place of injury occurred in the following order：home（70.01%）,road/street（18.23%）,public residential areas（7.38%）. The activities that occurred during injury were leisure activities（34.03%）,life activities（27.26%）,and household chores（25.29%）. With the increase of age,the proportion of falls and injuries occurring at home gradually increased. Conclusion From 2021 to 2022,the proportion of falls and at home injuries among elderly people aged ≥65 in Shibei District of Qingdao City is relatively high. Shibei District has strengthened the guidance on preventing falls among the elderly through health management of elderly people in basic public health services,and the awareness of elderly people's fall prevention has been improved. Accurate preventive interventions should be carried out to reduce the burden of injury and disease.

Mediating effect of job engagement on practice environment and turnover intention of medical staff in six public hospitals in Sichuan Province

YUAN Rong, MI Jiao, LIU Lei, MAO Shifang

2024, 40(13):  1805-1810. 

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Objective To analyze the mediating effect of job engagement between practice environment and turnover intention of medical staff in six public hospitals in Sichuan Province. Methods From October to December 2022,a survey was conducted on 236 clinical medical personnel from six public hospitals in Sichuan Province. The survey was conducted using general information questionnaire,medical staff practice environment evaluation form,job involvement scale and turnover intention scale,and the data were analyzed. Results The total score of the practice environment for medical personnel was （101.50±20.55）points,the total score of work engagement was （56.67±17.95）points,and the total score of turnover intention was （4.51±3.41）points. The practice environment of medical personnel was positively correlated with job engagement（r=0.663,P<0.01）,and negatively correlated with turnover intention（r=-0.643,P<0.01）. Job engagement was negatively correlated with turnover intention（r=-0.577,P<0.01）. There was a partial mediating effect of work engagement of medical personnel between practice environment and turnover intention,with a mediating effect value of 0.023,accounting for 22.9% of the total effect. Conclusion The practice environment can not only directly affect the turnover intention of medical staff,but also indirectly affect the turnover intention through the mediating effect of job engagement.

Analysis on epidemiological characteristics of tuberculosis in schools and trend prediction based on ARIMA model in Suzhou high-tech district from 2019 to 2022

ZHU Ganlin, XU Qin, GUO Feng, HU Yanhong, LI Jingfang

2024, 40(13):  1810-1814. 

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Objective To explore the epidemiological characteristics of tuberculosis in schools in Suzhou High-tech District,build an ARIMA model to predict the short-term incidence risk,and improve the school epidemic monitoring layout and control strategies. Methods Based on the the China Disease Prevention and Control Information System,the data of tuberculosis epidemic situation in schools of Suzhou High-tech District from 2019 to 2022 were collected,and the retrospective analysis and trend prediction were carried out. Results From 2019 to 2022,Suzhou High-tech District eported 95 cases of pulmonary tuberculosis among students,2 clustered epidemics and 79 sporadic epidemics,with an annual reported incidence rate of 8.88/100 000 to 27.91/100 000. The high incidence stage of cases was in colleges and universities,with the high incidence time concentrated in the third quarter,accounting for 39.00%. The male to female prevalence ratio was 1.64 ∶ 1,and the majority of patients seek medical treatment due to symptoms,accounting for 42.11%. 3 803 close contacts were screened,and the strong positive rate of PPD was 10.70%. The PPD strong positive rate in the class with clustered epidemic cases was higher than that in the expanded screening class and sporadic epidemic（ χ²=30.553,P<0.05）. The rate of preventive medication for latent infections was increasing year by year. The ARIMA model predicted that the quarterly incidence rates of colleges and universities in 2023 will be 1.42/100 000,2.98/100 000, 6.10/100 000,and 3.74/100 000. Conclusion The risk of latent infection and incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis in students is high. It is necessary to accurately identify the close contacts and general contacts,expand the screening objects step by step,take effective preventive measures for the latent infected,scientific early warning,and curb the spread of tuberculosis in schools.

Investigation on the use and protection of pesticides in rural areas of Shaanxi Province

ZHENG Jingli, LEI Peiyu, SUN Qian, HUI Xiaofen, JIA Ru

2024, 40(13):  1815-1818. 

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Objective To understand the current situation and protection of pesticide use in rural areas of Shaanxi Province,analyze its impact on human health and the environment,and put forward improvement measures. Methods From 2019 to 2021,a unified survey questionnaire was used to conduct a survey on 3 000 rural households in the province each year,totaling 9 000 households. The investigation included the source,storage,disposal of discarded packaging of pesticides and protection measures during pesticide application,acute poisoning symptoms,and the data were analyzed. Results The proportion of pesticide users in Shaanxi province was 50.00%（4 500/9 000）,which had been decreasing year by year（ χ²=8.471,P<0.01）. Among households using pesticides,the main channel for purchasing pesticide was individual businesses,accounting for 54.87%（2 469/4 500）. 20.47%（921/4 500） of households pesticide storage methods had safety hazards. The proportion of environmental pollution caused by the disposal of discarded packaging was 90.91%（4 091/4 500）,which was lower in 2020 than in 2019（ χ²=9.055,P<0.01） and 2021（ χ²=4.599,P<0.05）. The proportion of pesticides with protective measures during application was 85.63%（3 854/4 500）,showing an increasing trend year by year（ χ²=64.832,P<0.01）. The proportion of poisoning symptoms after dispensing or application was 3.11%（140/4 500）,showing a decreasing trend year by year（ χ²=34.905,P<0.01）,with the majority showing one symptom,accounting for（108/140）. The main symptoms were dry mouth（39.29%,55/140） and fatigue（33.57%,47/140）. Conclusion The number of rural pesticide users in Shaanxi Province is gradually decreasing,and some households have safety hazards in pesticide storage. Most households have improper disposal of discarded packaging of pesticides,and personal protective awareness is gradually increasing during pesticide application,thus the occurrence of poisoning symptoms gradually decreasing. It is suggested that relevant departments should continue to carry out pesticide reduction and harm control actions,increase publicity efforts,guide farmers to use pesticides scientifically,reasonably,and safely,in order to further improve their health risk awareness and environmental awareness.

Intermediary effect of psychological capital between emotional intelligence and professional identity of nursing master's students

NIE Caihong, DING Ru, LU Yongmei

2024, 40(13):  1819-1824. 

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Objective To explore the mediation effect of psychological capital on the relationship between emotional intelligence and professional identity of nursing master's students,and to provide reference for improving the level of professional identity of nursing master's students. Methods Convenience sampling method was used to conduct a questionnaire survey on nursing master's students in 13 higher education institutions in 9 provinces of China from May to June 2023,using general information questionnaire,psychological capital scale,emotional intelligence strength scale,and professional identity scale,and the data were analyzed. Results The total score of psychological capital for 242 nursing master's students was （80.1±12.19）points,the total score of emotional intelligence was （54.40±13.00）points,and the total score of professional identity was （55.88±9.56）points. The results of univariate analysis showed that there were statistically significant differences in the scores of psychological capital,emotional intelligence,and professional identity among nursing master's students with different reasons for pursuing postgraduate studies,career intentions,love for nursing work,and being an only child（all P<0.05）. The correlation analysis showed that professional identity was positively correlated with psychological capital and emotional intelligence（r=0.788,0.720,both P<0.05）. The mediating effect analysis showed that psychological capital plays an incomplete intermediary effect between emotional intelligence and professional identity,with the effect ratio accounting for 52.86%. Conclusion Psychological capital can not only directly affect the professional identity of nursing students,but also indirectly affect their professional identity level through emotional intelligence. It is suggested that colleges and universities can strengthen the cultivation of psychological capital level through targeted strategies,improve the status quo of emotional intelligence,and then enhance the professional identity.

A bibliometric analysis of research on continuing professional development for nurses based on Web of Science

CHEN Changchang, ZHENG Xutong, MU Hezi, WU Chao, ZHANG Man, LANG Hongjuan

2024, 40(13):  1824-1830. 

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Objective To comprehensively and scientifically analyze the recent research status,research hotspots and future trends of continuing professional development（CPD） for nurses in the past decade,provide reference for the development strategies and future research expansion of nursing disciplines. Methods The Web of Science core collection database was used to search the literature related to nurses' CPD from January 1,2013 to September 16,2022,and the CiteSpace software was used to visualize and analyze the paper output profile,research authors,countries/regions,institutions and keywords,and to analyze the research themes and research hotspots in the field by combining the extracted information. Results A total of 997 valid documents were included after screening,with an overall upward trend in the number of annual publications. Rob Poell from the Netherlands was the author with the largest number of publications. The countries/regions and institutions with the most publications were mainly developed countries,and the United States was the leader in this field,while the number of publications from China was low. The top-ranked research institution was the University of Toronto,Canada. The research hotspots in this area are qualitative studies and practice outcomes. The job burnout,motivation to participate,and challenges faced may be future research trends. Conclusion At present,foreign nurses' CPD model is at a relatively mature stage,and China has yet to learn from foreign experience and build a localized CPD model to provide reference for promoting the long-term development of nursing in China.

Meta analysis of the effects of Bacillus thuringiensis on different insects

LI Min, LIN Xinlei, WANG Xiang, ZHU Xiaohong, ZHEN Xian, LI Meili

2024, 40(13):  1831-1836. 

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Objective A meta-analysis of the effects of Bacillus thuringiensis on different insects. Methods Four domestic and foreign databases,including NIH database,PubMed database,China National Knowledge Infrastructure（CNKI）,and Wanfang database,were searched by computer to search for literature on the insecticidal effect of Bacillus thuringiensis. The search period was from January 1980 to June 2022,and data was independently extracted by three researchers for quality evaluation. Meta analysis was conducted using Stata 16.0 software. Results A total of 25 papers meeting the criteria were included,including 20 Chinese studies and 5 English studies. The meta-analysis results：（1）Firstly,the data with 95% confidence intervals and WMD were selected for heterogeneity analysis,Hemiptera（95%CI：1.83-3.38,Z=6.59,P<0.01,I²=30.98%）,grass-craving nightshade moths （95%CI：1.40-2.08,Z=11.62,P<0.01,I²=0.00%）,mosquitoes（95%CI：0.50-2.20,Z=3.11,P<0.01）,with small statistical heterogeneity among the three（I²<50%）,and the results of their combined effects were more reliable,and the difference of combined effects was statistically significant. Cotton bollworms（95%CI：1.03-1.60,Z=9.07,P<0.01,I²=96.82%）,beet noctuid moths（95%CI：2.58-6.87,Z=4.32,P<0.01,I²=93,49%）,and diamondback moth（95%CI：1.61-2.73,Z=7.60,P<0.01,I²=97.15%）,the statistical heterogeneity among three was significant（I²>50%）,and the difference in the combined effect was statistically significant after using the random effects model.（2）The number of insect deaths was selected as an outcome indicator,using a blank control analysis,cotton bollworms（95%CI：4.72-7.30,Z=9.15,P<0.01,I²=39.22%）,diamondback moth（95%CI：5.19-6.92,Z=13.78,P<0.01,I²=46.26%）,mosquitoes（95%CI：3.79-5.03,Z=13.95,P=0.00,I²=25.83%）,the statistical heterogeneity among the three was small（I²<50%）,and the fixed-effects model analysis results showed statistically significant differences. Conclusion Bacillus thuringiensis has varying degrees of killing effects on insects of Lepidoptera,Diptera,and Hemiptera. The research results showed that its killing effects on cotton bollworms and diamondback moth are particularly prominent and have research value.

Research hotspots and frontier analysis of stigma in China based on CiteSpace

ZHONG Sisi, WANG Xueling, YANG Binyu, LI Zhiying, LIN Mengying, CHEN Aiyun

2024, 40(13):  1837-1842. 

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Objective To excavate the main contents,hotspots and frontiers of the research on stigma of illness in China,and provide reference for promoting research and development of stigma of illness. Methods CiteSpace software was used to visually analyze 1 167 research literatures of stigma in China National Knowledge Infrastructure database from 2000 to 2022. Results The number of research literatures had increased year by year since 2015,and exceeded 1 000 in 2021. Get the cooperation team atlas with Zhou Ying and Luo Xiaonian as the core respectively. There were a total of 13 institutions with high publication volume. Ten clusters including #0 stigma,#1 influencing factors and #2 rectal cancer were obtained. Mental illness and psychosis had the strongest intensity. Conclusion The core author group of stigma research failed to collaborate and lacked an obvious inter-agency cooperation network. The research focus is on mental illness,covering quality of life,influencing factors,social support,etc. Rectal cancer,AIDS and nursing are the current research frontiers.

Visual analysis of digital health literacy knowledge graph based on Web of Science database

XU Yuling, SONG Guiqi, LI Shuwen, WANG Qian, ZHANG Guowen, DING Hui

2024, 40(13):  1843-1848. 

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Objective Based on the related literature of digital health literacy in Web of Science,this study aims to sort out the research status in this field and explore its frontier trend and development vein,and provide reference and direction for the research in the field of digital health literacy in China. Methods Using the core collection of Web of Science as the literature source,the CiteSpace 6.1.R6 software was used to screen the literature related to digital health literacy published from January 1,1998,to April 15,2023,and the visual analysis was performed on the number of publications,author,institution and keyword nodes. Results A total of 2 503 valid literature were included,with a peak of 688 articles in 2021. The author with the highest number of publications was OKAN,and the institution with the highest number of publications was the University of Toronto. The top three keywords in co-occurrence analyses were mental health,health literacy,and care. In recent five years,the prominent words were implementation and digital intervention,the key words clustering mainly included ehealth literacy,digital technology,and computer literacy. Conclusion The research on digital health literacy has shown a preliminary downward trend,with research mainly focused on developed countries in Europe and America. In the future,effective methods can be explored to improve the digital health literacy level of the Chinese population based on international hot topics,combined with China's national conditions and strengthening interdisciplinary cooperation.

Analysis on personal dose monitoring results for radiation workers in Tianjin City from 2019 to 2021

HAO Pei, WEI Jinglin, FAN Lina, YANG Xueying

2024, 40(13):  1848-1851. 

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Objective To analyze the personal dose monitoring level of radiation workers in Tianjin and provide a basis for carrying out radiation protection work. Methods According to the GBZ128-2019 "Code for Personal Monitoring of Occupational External Exposure" and GB 18871-2002 "the Basic Standards for Protection against Ionizing Radiation and Safety of Radiation Sources",the personal dose levels of radiation workers from 2019 to 2021 were estimated using the thermoluminescence dose system,and the Kruskal Wallis H test and Nemenyi method were used for statistical analysis. Results A total of 15 115 radiation workers were monitored from 2019 to 2021,with a per capita annual effective dose of 0.129 mSv/a. The per capita annual effective dose in 2021 was 0.150 mSv/a,which was higher than the per capita annual effective dose in 2019 and 2020,and the differences were statistically significant（both P<0.05）. The annual effective dose per capita in diagnostic radiology（0.132 mSv/a） was higher than other occupational categories,followed by nuclear medicine（0.129 mSv/a）,and the differences were statistically significant（all P<0.05）. The annual effective dose per capita in tertiary hospitals was 0.127 mSv/a,which was lower than that in primary and secondary hospitals,and the difference was statistically significant（both P<0.05）. Conclusion The personal dose of radiation workers in Tianjin City is at a relatively low level,and it is necessary to strengthen the radiation health management of diagnostic radiology,nuclear medicine,and primary and secondary hospital staff.

Health Management and Research

Study on the differences in the allocation of health human resources in Guangdong Province based on entropy weighted TOPSIS and rank sum ratio method

CHEN Yuan

2024, 40(13):  1852-1857. 

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Objective To analyze the differential level of health human resource allocation in Guangdong Province from 2016 to 2021,and provide reference basis for optimizing the allocation of health human resources in Guangdong Province. Methods The entropy weighted TOPSIS method and rank sum ratio method were used to select multiple health human resource evaluation indicators and evaluate 21 cities in Guangdong Province from 2016 to 2021,measuring the differences in health human resource allocation among different regions. Results There was severe differentiation in the allocation of health human resources among different regions in Guangdong Province. Based on the entropy weighted TOPSIS method,the highest and lowest relative proximity values in the Pearl River Delta region were 0.981 and 0.369,respectively. The highest relative proximity value in the eastern region of Guangdong was 0.137,and the lowest value was 0.034. The highest relative proximity value in the western region of Guangdong was 0.389,and the lowest value was 0.285. The highest relative proximity value in the northern region of Guangdong was 0.599,and the lowest value was 0.296. The allocation level of health human resources in the Pearl River Delta,western Guangdong,and northern Guangdong regions was significantly better than that in the eastern region of Guangdong. According to the rank sum ratio method,the allocation level of health human resources in Guangzhou,Zhuhai,Zhongshan,and Shaoguan was in the "good" level（Probit>6）,while the "poor" level（Probit<4） were Chaozhou,Jieyang,and Shanwei. The other 14 cities were all in the "medium" level（4<Probit<6）. Conclusion There are significant regional differences in the proportion of medical staff and the allocation of general practitioner resources in Guangdong Province,and the results of health human resource allocation are at a moderate level. In this regard,it is necessary to strengthen the construction of talent teams of registered nurses and general practitioners,enhance the expansion of health human resources and regional balanced layout,narrow the differences in health human resource allocation among different regions,and improve the allocation of health human resources.

Overview

Advances in the study of risk factors for the development of scrub typhus

PAN Kailun, HUANG Renfa, LIN Fen

2024, 40(13):  1858-1861. 

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Scrub typhus is a natural focus disease of epidemic origin caused by the Orientia tsutsugamushi,which is hosted by small mammals and transmitted through the bite of tsutsugamushi mite larvae. China is one of the major endemic areas of scrub typhus,and in recent years,the natural focus of scrub typhus has shown a trend of expanding northward,posing a serious risk to public health and public health safety in China. This article reviews the latest research progress on the risk factors for the onset of scrub typhus,providing a reference basis for further prevention and control of scrub typhus.

Research progress on environmental monitoring and health hazards of occupational exposure to anti-tumor drugs of medical personnel

ZHANG Shuangfei, CHENG Jintao, YUAN Meng, HUANG Xiaohong

2024, 40(13):  1862-1866. 

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Antitumor drugs have been proven to remain in the air and on object surfaces,and environmental monitoring technology reveals the sources of residual pollution,which is a necessary component of protecting medical workers from potential occupational exposure risks. As a high-risk group of anti-tumor drug exposure,medical staff may be exposed to them for a long time,and residual drugs may also cause potential occupational harm to medical staff. This paper summarizes the environmental monitoring methods commonly used for various anti-tumor drugs at home and abroad,points out that there is a certain degree of pollution of anti-tumor drugs in the surrounding environment,evaluates the potential health risks,and puts forward relevant prevention suggestions,in order to ensure the health and safety of medical staff.

Current status of research on the correlation between smartphone use and neck pain

ZHU Lu, ZHAO Yan, DONG Huaize, XIA Qiuqiu, LIAO Wenbo, XIN Zhijun

2024, 40(13):  1867-1872. 

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With the continuous development of the Internet,the number of users of electronic devices,such as desktop computers,tablets,and mobile phones is constantly increasing. While electronic devices bring many conveniences to Internet users,they also bring many negative effects. Domestic and foreign studies have shown that the use of smartphones may have a certain correlation with neck pain. This article mainly reviews the studies related to the complex factors of neck pain,cervical spine biomechanics when using smartphones,and the effect of the duration of use on neck pain,in order to provide reference basis for rational use of smartphones,prevention of neck disorders,and subsequent studies on the association between the use of smartphones and neck disorders.