Abstract: Objective To evaluate the effect of intervention on the nutrition status of students in key counties monitored by the Nutrition Improvement Plan for rural students in Henan Province,and to provide scientific basis for further improving the nutrition work of rural students. Methods A total of 3 064 rural primary and middle school students were selected from key counties of the Nutrition Improvement Plan in 2012,and 5 748 primary and middle school students were selected from key counties and the non-Nutrition Improvement Plan counties in 2021. The differences of nutritional status of students in different years and regions were compared. Results The detection rate of wasting among rural students in the key monitoring counties of Henan Province Nutrition Improvement Plan in 2021 was 4.4%,which was significantly lower than 2012（11.9%）. The detection rates of overweight and obesity were 13.8% and 11.3%,which were significantly higher than 2012（6.8% and 2.2%）,and the differences were statistically significant（χ²=84.299,208.618,both P<0.01）. The height and weight of male and female students all age groups from 6-<16 years old were higher than those of male and female students in 2012,respectively,and the differences were statistically significant（P<0.05）. In 2021,the detection rates of wasting,overweight and obesity among rural students in key monitoring counties were 4.4%,13.8% and 11.3%,respectively,while those of rural students in non-nutrition improvement counties were 4.9%,11.9% and 9.3%,respectively,and the differences were not statistically significant（all P>0.05）. The obesity detection rate of urban students in the same county was 15.1%,while the obesity detection rate among rural students was 11.3%,with a statistically significant difference（χ²=12.231,P<0.05）. The detection rates of wasting and obesity were 5.6% and 3.2%,7.3% and 15.4%,respectively in rural and urban middle school students in key monitoring counties,and the differences were statistically significant（χ²=3.984, 25.095, both P<0.05）. The height and weight of rural students aged 13?<14 years were 159.9 cm and 50.2 kg, respectively, which were lower than those of urban students（162.5 cm and 56.7 kg）, and the differences were statistically significant（both P<0.05）. Conclusion The implementation of the Nutrition Improvement Plan for rural students in Henan Province has achieved remarkable results, but there is a double burden of malnutrition and overweight and obesity. In addition, it’s need to pay more attention to the nutrition of rural middle school students.

Key words: Nutrition Improvement Plan, Rural student, Nutrition status