Table of Content

15 July 2025, Volume 41 Issue 14

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Treatise

Sampling survey on radiation dose and influencing factors of CT examinees in Dalian

LIU Shuang, ZHANG Xinghui, YANG Xianwu, NI Changyu, AI Qi, DONG Lei

2025, 41(14):  1873-1877. 

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Objective To investigate the radiation dose of some computed tomography（CT） scan patientsin Dalian,analyze the influencing factors,optimize the radiation dose,and better guide radiation hygiene work. Methods The dose reports of head,chest and abdomen of 2505 CT subjects from 9 medical institutions in Dalian were reviewed and classified into 5 groups of 0-<1,1-<5, 5-<10,10-<18 and 18-<70 years.The CT scanning parameters,volume CT dose index（CTDIvol） and dose length product（DLP） were recorded,andthe results were compared and analyzed with domestic and international reference data. Results The P₇₅ percentile of head,chest and abdominal DLP of adult CT subjects（848,444,683 mGy·cm） were all below the diagnostic reference level（DRL） in China. For children across four age groups,the P₇₅ percentile of head DLP of CT subjects were 513,623,674,728 mGy·cm,respectively,the P₇₅ percentile of chest DLP were 50,87,138,280 mGy·cm,respectively,the P₇₅ percentile of abdominal DLP were 121,130,150,211 mGy·cm,respectively,. There was no statistically significant difference in head exposure among CT subjects at 5different age groups（χ²=7.123,P>0.05）,while there were statistically significant differences in chest and abdominal exposure（χ²=128.162,25.401,both P<0.05）.The radiation doses for adult CT examinees in hospitals at all levels were generally below the DRL,but the head radiation doses in county-level hospitals and abdominal radiation doses in provincial hospitals were higher. Conclusion The radiation dose of CT examinees investigated in this study was basically lower than the DRL in China,but compared with the values reported in other regions,some of the values were higher. There is still room for dose optimization. It is recommended that medical institutions conduct regular training and assessment of CT radiation dose,set up personalized scanning parameters to optimize the radiation dose. Health administrative departments should strengthen the supervision and management of radiation protection and actively establish regional DRL.

Analysis of the current status of occupational disease hazards in key positions at 13 coal mines of a certain group company

WANG Guangxiong, HE Bingbing, WANG Bo, XU Yang, DONG Juan, LI Xiaoguang

2025, 41(14):  1878-1882. 

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Objective To investigate the current status of occupational hazards in 13 coal mines of a certain group company,analyze the hazards in key positions,and propose prevention and control measures. Methods Using methods such as on-site investigation,on-site sampling,and data analysis,a retrospective survey was conducted on 13 coal mines under a certain group company to investigate the occupational disease hazards from 2020 to 2022. The respiratory dust and noise exposure of the main positions were detected,and the occupational health monitoring situation was analyzed. Results The main occupational hazards in the coal mines were dust and noise. 549 respiratory dust samples and 231 noise monitoring points exceeded the standard,with exceedance rates of 17.6% and 42.4%,respectively. The dust-exceeding positions were coal miners and tunnel excavators,while the noise-exceeding positions were tunnel excavators and drillers. The incidence of pneumoconiosis in the corporation hadbeen on a downward trend since 2018,with 92 cases in 2018,61 cases in 2019,8 cases in 2020,and only 1 new case in 2023. Due to the strengthening of noise-induced hearing loss diagnosis in recent years,there had been an upward trend in noise-induced hearing loss,with 29 cases reported in 2022. Conclusion The corporation should strengthen occupational health management,promote the classification and grading management of occupational disease hazards in the workplace,strengthen the control of dust and noise hazards for coal miners and excavation workers,and effectively carry out occupational health monitoring.

Impact of information technology pressure and role conflict on occupational burnout among operating room nurses

ZHOU Dongjun, WANG Jingsi, YU Feixiang, SHEN Yinghui, CAO Yue, WANG Kun

2025, 41(14):  1883-1887. 

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Objective To Investigate the information technology pressure,role conflict,and occupational burnout among operating room nurses,explore the impact of information technology pressure and role conflict on occupational burnout,and provide a basis for alleviating occupational burnout. Methods A purposive sampling method was used to survey 194 operating room nurses from 7 grade-A tertiary general hospitals in Shanghai from June to December 2023 using a questionnaire. The information technology stress scale,role conflict scale and job burnout scale were used for investigation,and the data were analyzed. Results The information technology stress score of operating room nurses was （34.28±6.84）points,the role conflict score was （28.46±5.14） points,and the job burnout score was （62.29±12.63）points. The influencing factors of information technology stress,role conflict andjob burnout of operating room nurses were age,years of work,professional title and personal monthly income（all P<0.05）. The information technology stress and role conflict of operating room nurses were positively correlated with job burnout（r=0.574,0.558,both P<0.01）,and information technology stress and role conflict were positively correlated（r=0.566,P<0.01）. Role conflict played a mediating role between information technology stress and job burnout of operating room nurses,with a mediation effect of 0.260,accounting for 44.52% of the total effect. Conclusion Information technology stress and role conflict of operating room nurses are at a high level,and role conflict plays a mediating role between information technology stress and job burnout of operating room nurses. Reducing the level of information technology stress and role conflict is conducive to alleviating job burnout.

Establishment and application of 18 prohibited colorants database with high resolution mass spectrometry in hair dye cosmetics

NIU Shuijiao, WANG Xiaobing, WANG Weijian, JI Xueshun, LI Bangbang, LIU Ying

2025, 41(14):  1888-1895. 

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Objective To establish a high-performance liquid chromatography tandem time-of-flight mass spectrometry method and a high-resolution mass spectrometry database for the determination of 18 prohibited colorants in hair dye cosmetics,and explore the application in the detection of hair dye cosmetics. Methods Extracted with water：methanol：tetrahydrofuran at a ratio of 2 ∶ 2 ∶ 1,samples were separated using a Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 column. Gradient elution was performed using 2 mmol/L ammonium formate aqueous solution（containing 0.05% formic acid） and acetonitrile as the mobile phase. In the positive and negative ion mode of electric spray,the information dependent acquisition（IDA） mode was used for analysis,recording the retention times,accurate mass of primary and secondary ions,and abundance ratios of each component. Results A high-resolution quality database of 18 prohibited colorants in hair dye cosmetics was established and validated. This database was used to test 50 batches of hair dye products,and no traces of using these 18 prohibited colorants were found. Conclusion This method is easy to operate and highly sensitive,which can be used for qualitative screening of 18 prohibited colorants in hair dye cosmetics,providing a strong technical support for the safety supervision of hair dye cosmetics.

Detection and study of adsorbable organic halogens in disinfection by-products of drinking water

XI Ye, HU Yan, XIANG Jiangying, ZHANG Ye, ZHAO Yijing, ZHAN Ming

2025, 41(14):  1896-1901. 

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Objective To establish a method for determining the levels of adsorbable organic chlorine（AOCl）,adsorbable organic bromine（AOBr）,and adsorbable organic iodine（AOI） in disinfection by-products of drinking water. Methods The organic substances in water were adsorbed by acti-vated carbon,then converted into hydrogen halides through high-temperature pyrolysis and dissolved in water,followed by the determination of AOCl using ion chromatography（IC）,AOBr and AOI by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry（ICP-MS）. Results The linear ranges for AOCl,AOBr and AOI in drinking water were 10-100,0.1-30.0,and 0.01-5.00 μg/L,respectively,with linear correlation coefficients（r）>0.99.Detection limits were established at 2.5 μg/L for AOCl,0.02 μg/L for AOBr,and 0.002 μg/L for AOI,with quantitation limits correspondingly set at 8.14,0.08,and 0.007 μg/L.The spiked recovery rates were 87%-110%,79%-105%,and 92%-109%,respectively. Conclusion This method has operational simplicity,low detection limits,exceptional precision,and superior recovery performance,andis suitable for both qualitative and quantitative analysis of AOCl,AOBr and AOI in disinfection by-products of drinking water.

Analysis of Foodborne Disease Surveillance Results in Dayi County,Chengdu City from 2019 to 2023

WEN Ailing, ZHOU Xiang, FENG Cuiyun

2025, 41(14):  1902-1907. 

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Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of foodborne diseases in Dayi County,Chengdu from 2019 to 2023,and to provide scientific basis for formulating targeted measures for prevention and control of foodborne diseases. Methods Surveillance data of foodborne diseases in Dayi County,Chengdu from 2019 to 2023 were collected and statistically analyzed using Excel 2013 and SPSS 25.0. Indicators such as composition ratio and rate were used to describe the reporting of foodborne diseases. χ² test was used to compare the different component ratios,and Fisher exact probability method was used to test the theoretical frequency which did not meet the χ² test condition. Linear trend test was used to compare the trend changes of annual incidence and composition ratio. Results A total of 4 933 cases of foodborne diseases were reported in Dayi County,Chengdu from 2019 to 2023,and the incidence showed an increasing trend year by year（χ²_trend =38.376,P<0.05）. The number of female patients was higher than that of male patients,and the ratio of male to female was 1∶1.7. The age distribution showed the highest number of cases in the 0-<10 age group,with 1 249 cases,accounting for 25.32%,and the proportion of cases is increasing year by year. In the age distribution group,1 249 cases（25.32%） were found in 0-<10 years old,and the proportion of cases increased year by year.In the occupation distribution,farmers had the highest number,with 1 855 cases,accounting for 37.60%,and the composition ratio showed an increasing trend year by year. The seasonal distribution is mainly concentrated in the third quarter with 1 609 cases,accounting for 32.62%,and the second quarter with 1 340 cases,accounting for 27.16%. The number of cases in the third quarter showed a downward trend year by year,while the number of cases in the second quarter showed an upward trend year by year. The main symptoms were digestive system symptoms in 4 916 cases（99.66%）,followed by systemic symptoms in 1 022 cases,accounting for 20.72%. Meat and meat products accounted for the most 1 309 cases（26.54%）,followed by fruit and its products in 1 078 cases（21.85%）,and vegetables and its products in 477 cases（9.67%）. In the classification of processing and packaging methods of suspiciously exposed food,home-made food accounted for the most 2 112 cases（42.81%）,followed by bulk（including simple packaging） in 1 654 cases（33.53%）. Family was the main eating place in 3 984 cases（80.76%）,followed by catering service industry in 483 cases（9.79%）,other,retail market,collective canteen,rural banquets were less distributed. Conclusion Women,people aged 0-<10 years old and farmers are the key groups for the prevention and control of foodborne diseases in Dayi County,Chengdu. Summer and autumn are the seasons with high incidence of foodborne diseases. Therefore,targeted food safety knowledge education should be strengthened to enhance people's awareness of food safety. We will continue to strengthen food safety risk monitoring,including meat and its products,fruit and its products in the key monitoring objects,and promptly detect hidden food safety risks. The processing and packaging methods of suspected exposed foods are mainly home-made and bulk,and the supervision of food production and operation should be strengthened to reduce the risk of foodborne diseases.

Impact of communication technology overload during non-working hours and work family guilt on occupational burnout among cardiology nurses

ZHANG Shaohua, YANG Guifen, CHEN Yuhua, CHEN Minxia, WU Huaqiong

2025, 41(14):  1908-1913. 

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Objective To understand the current situation of communication technology overload during non-working hours,work family guilt,and occupational burnout among cardiology nurses in grade-A tertiary hospitals in Wuhan,and to analyze the relationship between them. Methods A random sampling method was used to select 186 cardiology nurses from 8 grade-A tertiary hospitals in Wuhan City from February to March 2024 as the survey subjects. The communication technology overload scale,work family guilt scale,and occupational burnout scale were used for investigation and analysis. Results The communication technology overload score of cardiology nurses was （38.84±5.16）points,work family guilt score was （25.63±4.72）points,and occupational burnout score was （60.86±13.76）points.Univariate analysis showed that gender,age,years of work,professional title,marital status,monthly income,and monthly night shifts were the influencing factors of communication technology overload during non-working hours for cardiology nurses（all P<0.05）. Gender,age,years of work,professional title,marital status,monthly income,and monthly night shifts were the influencing factors of work family guilt among cardiology nurses（all P<0.05）. Age,years of work,professional title,marital status,monthly income,and monthly night shifts were the influencing factors of occupational burnout among cardiology nurses（all P<0.05）. Communication technology overload in cardiology nurses was positively correlated with occupational burnout scores（r=0.595,P<0.01）,work family guilt was positively correlated with occupational burnout scores（r=0.531,P<0.01）,and communication technology overload was positively correlated with work family guilt（r=0.627,P<0.01）. Work family guilt partially mediated the relationship between communication technology overload during non-working hours and occupational burnout among cardiology nurses,with a mediation effect of 0.253,accounting for 40.22%of the total effect. Conclusion The work family guilt of cardiology nurses partially mediates the relationship between non work time communication technology overload and occupational burnout. Nursing managers Can reduce the non-work time communication technology overload and work family guilt of cardiology nurses,thereby alleviating the level of occupational burnout.

Analysis on Potential profile features and influencing factors of empathy ability of clinical nurses in cancer hospitals of Southwest China

DONG Yong, CAI Shuaizhong, YANG Jiao, YANG Haiyin, JIANG Lei, GUAN Qiongyao

2025, 41(14):  1913-1918. 

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Objective To explore the potential profile characteristics and influencing factors of empathy ability of clinical nurses in different cancer hospitals based on population heterogeneity,in order to provide reference for further construction of targeted intervention programs. Methods From August to October 2023,1 037 clinical nurses from five cancer hospitals in Southwest China were selected by convenience sampling method. The general data questionnaire,Jefferson empathy scale and general self-efficacy scale were used for questionnaire survey,and the data were analyzed. Results The scores of empathy ability and general self-efficacy among clinical nurses in cancer hospitals were （95.40±17.79） and （29.80±6.62）points respectively. The empathy ability was divided into three potential categories：high empathy stable group（19.10%）,empathy fluctuating group（59.69%） and low empathy group（21.21%）. The gender,job title,leadership support,job pressure,empathy-related training and general self-efficacy were the influencing factors of different potential profiles of empathic ability（all P<0.05）. Conclusions The empathy ability of clinical nurses in cancer hospitals presents group heterogeneity. When carrying out empathy ability training,nursing managers should combine the personal characteristics of different nurses,adopt diversified and personalized training strategies,and put people first to promote the improvement of empathy ability of clinical nurses and provide patients with warm and high-quality nursing.

Research on psychological stress level and multi dimensional impact mechanism of grassroots officers and soldiers in Northwest China

BAI Guihua, REN Yonggang, HE Jiao, LU Shiyang

2025, 41(14):  1919-1923. 

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Objective To understand the psychological stress level of grassroots officers and soldiers in Northwest China,explore the relationship of psychological resilience,emotional expression,emotional regulation and psychological stress in grassroots officers and soldiers. Methods From October to December 2023,the general data questionnaire,psychological stress self-evaluation test（PEST）,Connor-Davidson resilience scale（CD-RISC）,Berkeley expressivity questionnaire（BEQ） and emotion regulation questionnaire（ERQ） were applied to survey 699 grassroots officers and soldiers,and the data were analyzed. Results After T-score transformation,the total score of psychological stress level in grassroots officers and soldiers was （53.01±1.75）points,and there were 154 people（22.03%） with score higher than the mean of this study（53.01 points） and 94 people with score >70 points（13.45%）. There were statistically significant differences in the psychological stress level among grassroots officers and soldiers with different gender,age,identity,military category,place of growth,education level,working environment and number of jobs（all P<0.05）. The age,hardiness and cognitive reappraisal strategies were the influencing factors of psychological stress level,and the explanatory rate reached 11.0%（P<0.05）. Conclusions 22.03% of the grassroots officers and soldiers have the psychological stress level above the average. The age,hardiness and cognitive reappraisal strategies are the influencing factors of the psychological stress level. It is necessary to pay attention to resilience,emotional expression and age difference of the officers and soldiers to maintain their mental health.

Analysis of the status and influencing factors of metabolism-related fatty liver disease among employees of different genders in enterprises in Wuhu City

WU Yan, ZHANG Xiancui, XU Yan, WANG Jiangbo, LI Lei, WANG Zhen

2025, 41(14):  1924-1930. 

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Objective To analyze the status quo of metabolism-related fatty liver disease（MAFLD） in employees of different genders in Wuhu City,identify its risk factors,and explore the predictive value of each index. Methods A total of 29 684 patients from seven large enterprises who underwent occupational health examination in the health management center of a hospital in Wuhu City from June to November 2022 were selected as the study objects. MAFLD was evaluated by abdominal ultrasonography and physical examination,and was divided into non-MAFLD group（19 812 cases） and MAFLD group（9 872 cases）. The prevalence and characteristics of MAFLD in different genders were analyzed. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to explore the influencing factors of MAFLD population with different genders. The predictive value of each indicator was analyzed by receiver operating characteristic（ROC） curve,and the area under ROC curve（AUC）,sensitivity and specificity were calculated. Results The average age of 29 684 subjects was （45.18±13.57）years,and the total prevalence was 33.26%.There were 16 171 males（54.50%）and 7 648 males with MAFLD（prevalence 47.29%）.There were 13 513 females（45.50%）and 2 224 females with MAFLD,with a prevalence rate of 16.46%.There was a statistically significance difference in the prevalence of MAFLD between different genders（χ²=3 153.570,P<0.01）. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that body mass,triglycerides,fasting blood glucose,low density lipoprotein,total cholesterol,high density lipoprotein,and aspartate/alanine aminotransferase were the common influencing factors for MAFLD patients among enterprise employees（all P<0.05）. Among them,diastolic blood pressure,total bilirubin,aspartate and uric acid were independent influencing factors of MAFLD in male physical examination subjects（all P<0.05）. Age,total protein and albumin were the independent influencing factors of female MAFLD（all P<0.05）. ROC curve analysis results showed that body mass,triacylglycerol and body mass combined triacylglycerol had the highest predictive value for MAFLD patients. Conclusion The factors affecting the occurrence of MAFLD in male and female employees in Wuhu City were slightly different,but body weight,triglyceride,fasting blood glucose,low density lipoprotein,total cholesterol,high density lipoprotein,and aspartate/alanine aminotransferase were both influencing factors. Anong people of different genders,body mass combined with triglyceride has high predictive value and can predict the occurrence of MAFLD in Wuhu employees.

Influencing factors and risk prediction model construction of mental health of occupational population in Urumqi

LIU Mengting, SUN Jingqi, NING Li, JIANG Jing, GAO Xiaoyan

2025, 41(14):  1930-1935. 

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Objective To understand the mental health status of the occupational population in Urumqi,construct a risk prediction column chart model,and provide reference for the adoption of targeted measures to promote the mental health of the occupational population. Methods The occupational population of Urumqi in Xinjiang was sampled from April to December 2021 using cluster sampling as the study population. The questionnaires were administered using the general information questionnaire,the effort-reward imbalance（ERI）,the Pittsburgh sleep quality index（PSQI）,and the symptom checklist-90（SCL-90）. The Pearson analysis was used to analyze the correlations between ERI and PSQI scale scores,and the univariate logistic regression and multivariate logistic regression were used to screen out the risk factors related to mental health in the occupational population. A column chart was established based on multivariate logistic regression results. The predictive ability was assessed using the area under the curve（AUC） of the subjects' work characteristics（ROC）,calibration curves and decision curve analysis（DCA）. A total of 2 000 questionnaires were distributed,and 1 863 questionnaires were validly recovered,with a response rate of 93.15%. Results Among 1 863 occupational population of Urumqi,790 were positive for mental health,with a prevalence rate of 42.4%. Except for the sleep efficiency dimension and the return dimension,the total scores and the remaining dimensions of ERI and PSQI showed positive correlations（r=0.125-0.350,all P<0.01）. Based on the univariate logistic regression and multivariate logistic regression showed that marital status（OR=2.455,95%CI=0.960-6.276）,engaged in occupation（OR=1.915,95%CI=1.096-3.346）,monthly income（OR=5.127,95%CI=2.211-11.887）,smoking（OR=1.497,95%CI=1.097-2.041）,work stress（OR=1.897,95%CI=1.538-2.340） and sleep quality problems（OR=4.119,95%CI=3.332-5.092） were the independent risk factors for mental health in the occupational population（all P<0.05）. The analysis of the ROC curve showed that the AUC was 0.737（95%CI=0.654-0.702）. The model was validated using the Bootstrap method with 1 000 self-samples and a corrected C-index index of 0.9. The results showed that this column chart model predicted that the incidence of mental health status in occupational populations was basically the same as the actual incidence,and it could be used for clinical prediction. The DCA decision curve showed that the model has good clinical applicability. Conclusions The mental health status of occupational groups is mainly affected by factors such as marital status,occupation,monthly income,smoking,work pressure,and sleep quality problems. The column chart model constructed in this study has high accuracy and discriminative power in predicting the mental health status of occupational groups.

Analysis of epidemic trends of category A and B intestinal infectious diseases in Nanjing from 2005 to 2022 based on Joinpoint regression model

ZHAO Yueyuan, XU Qing, GU Runhui, DING Songning

2025, 41(14):  1936-1940. 

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Objective To analyze the incidence trends of category A and B intestinal infectious diseases in Nanjing City from 2005 to 2022,and to provide a basis for formulating prevention and control strategies. Methods The incidence rate of category A and B intestinal infectious diseases in Nanjing from 2005 to 2022 was analyzed by using Joinpoint software. Results A total of 21 094 cases with 7 categories intestinal infectious diseases were reported in Nanjing from 2005 to 2022,and the median annual incidence was 11.06/100 000. The results of Joinpoint regression analysis showed that the total incidence rate of category A and B intestinal infectious diseases continued to decline at an average annual rate of 13.74%. The incidence rate of category A and B intestinal infectious diseases in male[average annual percent change（AAPC）=-13.86,P<0.05]and female（AAPC=-14.19,P<0.05） both displayed a downward trend. The downward trend of incidence rate also be found on aged 0-<20,20-<40,≥60 years old age groups,with AAPC value of 13.01%,16.98%,12.02%,respectively. There was a statistically significant difference in the downward trend of the incidence rate of the 40-<60 age group from 2005 to 2014[annual percent change（APC）=-18.85,P<0.05]. The total incidence rate of category A and B intestinal infectious diseases in the main urban districts and the suburban districts also showed a downward trend,with AAPC value of 13.54% and 14.11%,respectively（both P<0.05）. Conclusion The incidence rates of category A and B intestinal infectious diseases in Nanjing shows a downward trend,while it is still necessary to continue to take precise prevention and control measures to reduce the incidence rate of various intestinal infectious diseases of different gender,age groups and districts.

Mediating effect of anger suppression on the relationship between the recruits' stress and social anxiety

WAN Lingling, GONG Chenwei, YUAN Yuan, LI Ning, QIAO Hua

2025, 41(14):  1941-1945. 

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Objective In order to clarify the mechanism of stress on recruits' social anxiety,the mediating role of anger repression in their relationship and the moderating role of childhood trauma were investigated. Methods From October to November 2021,a total of 418 recruits completed the recruit stress scale,the revised state-trait anger expression scale,the social anxiety scale and the childhood trauma scale using the questionnaire method,and the data were collected and analyzed. Results The total scores of stress,anger depression,social anxiety and childhood trauma of 418 recruits in Beijing were （49.68±17.28）,（15.32±4.34）,（4.76±3.79） and （31.85±5.62）points,respectively. There were statistically significant differences in the scores of childhood trauma among the recruits with different educational backgrounds（t=2.139,P<0.05）. There were statistically significant differences in the scores of stress and anger depression among recruits in different family locations（t=1.116,2.833,both P<0.05）. There was statistically significant difference in anger depression scores between only child and non-only child recruits（t=2.926,P<0.05）. There were statistically significant differences in the scores of stress,anger depression and childhood trauma among recruits with different parental relationships（F=5.369,3.079,6.126,all P<0.05）. The stress of recruits was correlated with anger depression,social anxiety and childhood trauma（r=0.291,0.450,0.481,all P<0.01）,anger depression was correlated with social anxiety and childhood trauma（r=0.322,0.275,both P<0.01）,and social anxiety was correlated with childhood trauma（r=0.202,P<0.01）. Anger suppression played a partial mediating role between recruits' stress and social anxiety（β=0.388,8.682,both P<0.01）. Conclusion Recruits' stress and anger depression are the main influencing factors of social anxiety,and recruits' stress can also affect social anxiety through anger depression. Recruit managers can guide recruits to express anger reasonably,so as to improve their social anxiety and promote their better adaptation to the life of the army.

Influence of workplace violence on professional identity of junior nurses

LIU Bo, CAI Wenqian, SUN Yue, CHEN Jiao, WU Dequan

2025, 41(14):  1946-1951. 

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Objective To explore the multiple mediating effects among workplace violence,psychological capital,self-efficacy of emotional regulation and professional identity of junior nurses. Methods Convenience sampling was used to survey 389 junior nurses from one grade-A tertiary hospital each in northern,central,and southern Anhui Province from November 2023 to February 2024,using a general information questionnaire,workplace violence survey scale,nurse psychological capital scale,emotion regulation self-efficacy scale,and nurse professional identity scale,the chain intermediary model was constructed and tested. Results The total scores of workplace violence,psychological capital,emotional regulation self-efficacy and professional identity of junior nurses were （4.39±3.86）,（77.15±19.23）,（42.12±9.82） and （106.49±23.23）points,respectively. There was a correlation between workplace violence,psychological capital,emotional regulation self-efficacy and professional identity were all correlated.Workplace violence was negatively correlated with professional identity（r=-0.572,P<0.01）,psychological capital was positively correlated with professional identity（r=0.559,P<0.01）,and emotional regulation self-efficacy was positively correlated with professional identity（r=0.500,P<0.01）. The results of the mediation effect analysis showed that the indirect effect of workplace violence on professional identity was -0.357,in which the independent mediating effect of psychological capital and emotional regulation self-efficacy accounted for 30.83% and 17.68%,respectively,and the chain mediating effect of psychological capital and emotional regulation self-efficacy accounted for 7.20%. Conclusion Psychological capital and self-efficacy of emotion regulation have a chain mediating effect between workplace violence and professional identity of junior nurses. Managers can provide corresponding personalized psychological support programs and guide junior nurses to adopt positive emotional coping strategies,so as to improve nurses' professional identity level.

Hygienic evaluation of a rural drinking water safety project in Jiangmen City

LIANG Dongxing, LI Yanqing, LI Yanbin, WEN Meizhen

2025, 41(14):  1952-1957. 

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Objective To evaluate the risk factors in the design,construction,and operation management stages of a rural drinking water safety project using a sand flow filtration process in Jiangmen City,Guangdong Province,and to propose reasonable,scientific,and feasible hygiene recommendations. Methods From June to October 2023,various forms such as data review,on-site investigation,sample testing,and expert consultation were conducted to evaluate the entire water supply process of the project,including engineering design,construction,operation management,and monitoring from the water source to the user end,and effective rectification opinions and suggestions were proposed. Results The selection of the water source and plant site,the layout and management of the plant area,the water production process,the water supply network,the regulating structures,and various water quality inspection results of the project basically met the hygiene standards of the water supply unit. From 2021 to 2023,the source water,factory water,and terminal water were sampled for testing. In October 2021,the total phosphorus and total nitrogen detection values of the source water were 0.05 and 0.76 mg/L,respectively,and in October 2022,the total nitrogen detection value was 0.76 mg/L,all exceeding the Class II surface water limit requirements（total phosphorus ≤0.025 mg/L,total nitrogen ≤0.5 mg/L）. Other indicators met the standards,and there was currently no backup water supply source. The toilet septic tank in the plant area was less than 10 m away from the production structure,which posed a safety hazard. Conclusion The overall water supply scale of the project can meet practical needs,and the overall factory water quality is good. There are certain hygiene risks in terms of water quality,conventional indicator detection ability,and leakage rate of the source water. It is recommended to strengthen water source protection inspections,consider backup water sources as soon as possible,improve the laboratory's water quality detection ability,strengthen the maintenance and management of the water supply network,and ensure the safety of the engineering water supply.

Latent profile analysis on professional attitude and study on influencing factors of undergraduate nursing trainee

LIN Shuli, NONG Lingling, NONG Jiejin, WEI Meijuan, HUANG Cuiting, YIN Haiying

2025, 41(14):  1957-1963. 

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Objective To explore the potential categories of nursing professional attitudes of undergraduate nursing students during internship,analyze the population characteristics and related influencing factors of different potential categories. Methods From February to April 2022,a convenience sampling method was used to select 227 undergraduate nursing interns from a grade-A tertiary hospital in Baise City as the research subjects. The general information survey questionnaires,nursing professional attitude questionnaires,and clinical practice ability assessment scales for undergraduate nursing interns were used for the survey. A potential profile analysis of their nursing professional attitude was performed. The disordered multiclass logistic regression was used to explore the influencing factors of potential profile classification of nursing professional attitude. Results The nursing professional attitude score of 227 undergraduate nursing students in Baise City was （122.89±13.79）points,and the clinical practice ability score was （151.67±27.923）points. The nursing professional attitude can be divided into three potential categories ：nursing professional attitude depression group（49.78%）,nursing professional attitude neutral group（26.87%） and nursing professional attitude positive group（23.35%）. The potential categories of different nursing professional attitudes were affected by clinical practice ability,gender,reasons for choosing nursing specialty,academic achievement,and whether family members had medical staff（all P<0.05）. Conclusion There is heterogeneity in nursing professional attitude of undergraduate nursing students during internship,so nursing educators and managers should implement targeted interventions based on influencing factors to improve their enthusiasm for nursing professional attitude.

Impact of self-career management on college students' learning burnout and the mediating role of problematic social media use

DANG Tiantian, ZHOU Xihua

2025, 41(14):  1964-1968. 

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Objective To investigate the effects of self-career management on college students' learning burnout under the mediating role of problematic social media use. Methods Using the individual career management scale,problematic mobile social media use assessment questionnaire and adolescent learning burnout scale,a cross-sectional survey was conducted to distribute questionnaires to 13 018 college students in a certain university in Baoji City,Shaanxi Province in November 2023. 13018 questionnaires were collected on November 10,and 5 000 were randomly selected for data analysis. Results There were statistically significant differences in self-career management among students from different family residences and parents with the highest education level（both P<0.05）,with urban students[（38.65±5.87）points] scoring higher than rural students[（38.19±5.56）points]. There were statistically significant differences in learning burnout among students of different genders and parents with the highest education level（both P<0.05）,with male students[（46.29±8.78）points] scoring higher than female students [（44.08±8.35）points]. There was a statistically significant difference in the scores of problematic social media use among students of different genders（P<0.05）,with boys scoring[（61.13±10.36） points] higher than girls[（60.32±10.41）points]. There was a correlation between problematic social media use,self-career management,learning burnout,and their respective factors（P<0.01）. Self-career management significantly negatively predicted learning burnout（β=-0.106,R²=0.011,F=56.950,P<0.01）,self-career management significantly positively predicted problematic social media use（β=0.165,R²=0.027,F=140.426,P<0.01）,and self-career management and problematic social media use jointly predicted learning burnout（R²=0.163,F=489.512,P<0.01）. Therefore,in the impact of self-career management on learning burnout,problematic social media use played a mediating role. Conclusion Self-career management can significantly negatively predict learning burnout,and indirectly affect learning burnout through the mediating effect of problematic social media use. Through corresponding psychological courses and activities,students can be promoted to form good living habits,strengthen their career management abilities,and alleviate the degree of learningburnout.

Ten years' effect evaluation of students' nutrition status of rural student Nutrition Improvement Plan in Henan Province

XU Fengming, WANG Liru, LI Fengjuan, WANG Xu, LIU Jingjing, WANG Yanxin

2025, 41(14):  1969-1974. 

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Objective To evaluate the effect of intervention on the nutrition status of students in key counties monitored by the Nutrition Improvement Plan for rural students in Henan Province,and to provide scientific basis for further improving the nutrition work of rural students. Methods A total of 3 064 rural primary and middle school students were selected from key counties of the Nutrition Improvement Plan in 2012,and 5 748 primary and middle school students were selected from key counties and the non-Nutrition Improvement Plan counties in 2021. The differences of nutritional status of students in different years and regions were compared. Results The detection rate of wasting among rural students in the key monitoring counties of Henan Province Nutrition Improvement Plan in 2021 was 4.4%,which was significantly lower than 2012（11.9%）. The detection rates of overweight and obesity were 13.8% and 11.3%,which were significantly higher than 2012（6.8% and 2.2%）,and the differences were statistically significant（χ²=84.299,208.618,both P<0.01）. The height and weight of male and female students all age groups from 6-<16 years old were higher than those of male and female students in 2012,respectively,and the differences were statistically significant（P<0.05）. In 2021,the detection rates of wasting,overweight and obesity among rural students in key monitoring counties were 4.4%,13.8% and 11.3%,respectively,while those of rural students in non-nutrition improvement counties were 4.9%,11.9% and 9.3%,respectively,and the differences were not statistically significant（all P>0.05）. The obesity detection rate of urban students in the same county was 15.1%,while the obesity detection rate among rural students was 11.3%,with a statistically significant difference（χ²=12.231,P<0.05）. The detection rates of wasting and obesity were 5.6% and 3.2%,7.3% and 15.4%,respectively in rural and urban middle school students in key monitoring counties,and the differences were statistically significant（χ²=3.984, 25.095, both P<0.05）. The height and weight of rural students aged 13?<14 years were 159.9 cm and 50.2 kg, respectively, which were lower than those of urban students（162.5 cm and 56.7 kg）, and the differences were statistically significant（both P<0.05）. Conclusion The implementation of the Nutrition Improvement Plan for rural students in Henan Province has achieved remarkable results, but there is a double burden of malnutrition and overweight and obesity. In addition, it’s need to pay more attention to the nutrition of rural middle school students.

Analysis on the current situation of college students' nutritional knowledge,attitude,practice and influential factors in a university in Northwest China

FENG Min, DAI Zhenzhen, ZHANG Ying, DU Runze, HU Tianshuo

2025, 41(14):  1975-1979. 

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Objective To understand the current situation of nutrition knowledge,attitude and practice（KAP） of university students in a university in Northwest China and analyze its influencing factors,so as to provide a scientific basis for improving the school's nutrition and hygiene level and carrying out nutrition education work in the future. Methods From April to May 2023,a cluster sampling method was used to conduct a questionnaire survey on 2 953 university students in Northwest China. According to the requirements of the "Student Physical Health Standards",the height and weight of college students were tested,and the body mass index was calculated. Multiple linear regression was used to analyze the factors affecting college students' nutritional KAP scores. Results The averagescore of nutritional knowledge among college students was （7.46±3.35）points,the average score of nutrition attitude was （4.46±1.26）points,the average score of dietary behavior was （8.67±2.44）points,and the average total score of nutrition KAP was （20.58±5.24）points. The nutritional KAP scores were correlated with gender,major,place of origin,grade level and ethnicity（all P<0.05）. The proportions of college students who were wasted,had normal weight,were overweight or obese were 18.5%,55.7% and 25.8%,respectively. The total nutritional KAP scores,nutritional knowledge,attitudes,and dietary behaviors scores of the students in the normal weight group were significantly higher than those of the wasted group and the overweight and obese group,and the differences were statistically significant（all P<0.05）. There were statistically significant differences in body mass index among college students of different genders and majors（both P<0.05）. Conclusion Undergraduate students at a university in Northwest China have more positive attitudes toward nutrition, lower levels of nutritional knowledge awareness, and more adverse dietary behaviors. Gender, major, place of origin, grade level, and ethnicity are the main factors affecting nutrition KAP scores. Schools should pay attention to the health education and health management for undergraduates, and strengthen the publicity of nutritional health education for undergraduates, especially for male students, liberal arts students, undergraduates from within the border, lower grades and ethnic minority students.

Research hotspots and trend analysis of CiteSpace-based risk prediction model in China's pharmaceutical field

ZHU Tianshun, ZHU Keke, XUE Huiyuan, JIAO Congcong, WEI Changhui, WANG He

2025, 41(14):  1979-1984. 

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Objective To understand the research hotspots and trend analyses of risk prediction models in China's pharmaceutical field,and to provide reference for subsequent research. Methods Using China National Knowledge Infrastructure（CNKI）,Wanfang Data and Wipro Chinese Journal Service Platform as data sources,this study searched for relevant literature collected from the establishment of the database to January 2024,and used Noteexpress and CiteSpace software to visualise and analyse the number of publications,authors,research institutes and keywords of the collected literature. Results A total of 2 694 articles were retrieved that met the requirements,and the number of literature issuances showed a rising trend year by year,especially after 2019,which increased abruptly. Core authors within the field hadnot been formed,and there was a lack of cooperation and communication between different institutions. The analysis yielded 13 high-frequency keywords,10 clusters,and 9 strongest mutated words. The hot topics of research included predictive model construction,risk factor analysis,and the elderly,and the research trends were risk assessment,ovarian cancer,breast cancer,and so on. Conclusion Risk prediction models are valued and used by pharmaceutical practitioners to construct appropriate models to solve complex clinical problems,but knowledge and understanding of risk prediction models still need to be enhanced.

Bibliometric and visual analysis of occupational exposure related to antineoplastic drugs based on CiteSpace

LIANG Hengjuan, YANG Bo, HUANG Xiaohong

2025, 41(14):  1985-1992. 

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Objective To analyze the hotspots and development trends of studies on occupational exposure to antineoplastic drugs in the Web of Science（WOS） core collection database over the past 20 years to provide a reference for subsequent in-depth investigations in this field. Methods Articles on occupational exposure to antineoplastic drugs from January 1,2004 to April 14,2024 were retrieved from the Web of Science core collection database. Cite Space software was used to conduct analysis of publication volume,reference explosion,and keyword frequency in this field. Results After screening,325 articles were obtained,and the overall annual publication volume of articles related to occupational exposure to anti-tumor drugs showed a fluctuating upward trend. The top three keywords in terms of frequency were "occupational exposure"（241）,antineoplastic drugs"（134）,and "cyclophosphamide"（101）.Through keyword cluster analysis,10 clusters were identified,covering topics such as cleanliness,lymphocytes,environmental pollution,and occupational disease hazards. The top five countries with the highest number of publications were Italy,the United States,France,Canada,and Japan. Conclusion The overall number of publications on occupational exposure related to antineoplastic drugs shows a slow growth trend,with a large number of publications on environmental residue monitoring,process monitoring,and health risk assessment of antineoplastic drugs,and the publishing countries are mostly developed countries. Currently,the incidence rate of cancer is rising year by year,and the number and duration of medical staff handling antineoplastic drugs are also increasing,so the management awareness of occupational safety of antineoplastic drugs should be improved for the medical staff.

Investigation and Research

Analysis of Occupational Disease Reports in Shaoguan City from 2006 to 2023

CHEN Liji, CHEN Cunqiu

2025, 41(14):  1993-1997. 

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Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of occupational diseases from 2006 to 2023,and provide technical support for relevant government departments to formulate policies. Methods The data of occupational disease cases from 2006 to 2023 were collected through the national "Occupational Disease and Occupational Health Information Monitoring",and the distribution characteristics were analyzed epidemiologically. Results From 2006 to 2023,a total of 641 cases occupational diseases in 5 major categorieswere reported in Shaoguan City,mainly including occupational pneumoconiosis and other respiratory diseases,followed by occupational chemical poisoning and occupational ear,nose throat,and oral diseases,accounting for 93.3%,3.3%,and 3.0% respectively. 629 cases male,accounting for 98.1%. The average age of onset was （60.5±13.3）years,the average duration exposure to harmful factors was （15.4±8.9）years. The number of reported cases was highest in 2011,followed by 2012 and 2013. The industry distribution of the enterprises where the cases were located was mainly in the mining industry（84.7%）,the economic type of the enterprises was mainly state-owned enterprises（71.5%）,and the scale was mainly medium-sized enterprises（70.2%）. Occupational pneumoconiosis was mainly silicosis and coal workers' pneumoconiosis,accounting for 49.9% and 48.7,respectively. The main stages were stage II and stage III,each accounting for 34.7%. The top three industries were mining,construction,and manufacturing accounting for 89.6%,5.7%,and 3.4%,respectively. Conclusion The reported occupational diseases in Shaoguan City mainly focus on pneumoconiosis,mainly silicosis and coal workers' pneumoconiosis,and there are many advanced stage cases. The situation of occupational disease prevention control in Shaoguan City is still not optimistic,and pneumoconiosis is still the main occupational disease in Shaoguan City. Comprehensive management of dust,noise,and chemical toxins should be emphasized.

Overview

Research status of work-related musculoskeletal disorders of workers in power grid enterprises

LIU Chao, CHEN Wayi, LIU Yuzhong, XU Leyi, CHEN Jiabin, WEN Cuiju

2025, 41(14):  1998-2002. 

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Objective Work-related musculoskeletal disorders（WMSDs） among workers in power grid enterprises have become a prominent occupational health issue. This article reviews the current research status of WMSDs among workers in power grid enterprises,summarizes the existing research findings,and provides new insights for the prevention and treatment of WMSDs in this industry as well as future research directions.The prevalence of WMSDs among workers in power grid enterprises is relatively high,with positions such as operation and maintenance,as well as line installation,being the high-risk positions for WMSDs in these enterprises. The neck,shoulders,and back are the most commonly affected areas. Various factors contribute to WMSDs among workers in power grid enterprises,including ergonomic factors,job-related factors,and individual factors. Currently,there is a lack of diverse risk assessment methods and intervention studies focusing on WMSDs among workers in power grid enterprises. Future efforts should involve conducting more prospective studies with larger sample sizes,utilizing advanced and comprehensive assessment methods,and exploring effective intervention measures to actively protect the occupational health of workers.

Research progress on detection methods of benzene series and their metabolites in biomaterials

GAO Jinlong, ZHAO Yi, WANG Yuxia, LI Yongjun, LIU Yakun

2025, 41(14):  2002-2008. 

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The detection and analysis of benzene,toluene,ethylbenzene,and xylenes（BTEX） and their metabolites play an important role in acute and chronic benzene poisoning,occupational disease diagnosis and biological monitoring. One of the problems to be solved is to develop techniques for the accurate detection of trace amounts and near-threshold benzene series and their metabolites,and to solve new pretreatment techniques for the detection of complex matrices in biomaterials. At present,the common detection methods at home and abroad include gas chromatography-mass spectrometry,liquid chromatography,liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry,etc. This article mainly reviews the research progress of the common and new pretreatment technologies of these detection methods in blood and urine,such as liquid-liquid extraction,purge and trap method,dynamic headspace needle capture method,electric membrane extraction,headspace solid phase microextraction,FaUMEx extraction,isotope internal standard dilution method,solid phase extraction,and benzene series and their metabolites detection.

Research progress on human exposure to indoor chlorinated paraffins

LUO Ya, XIAO Qingqing, ZHOU Qian, WEN Jing, HUANG Xiaohong

2025, 41(14):  2009-2016. 

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The chlorinated paraffins（CPs） are a new type of halogenated organic pollutants,which has excellent properties of chemical stability,flame-retardancy and low volatility,and is widely used in textile,leather,plastic and rubber industries. CPs can enter the human body through diet,air,dust and other ways,posing a potential threat to human health,and the environmental persistence and bioaccumulation characteristics of CPs also make it have a certain impact on the ecosystem. In particular,short-chain chlorinated paraffins（SCCPs）,a persistent organic pollutant,have been listed in Annex A to the Stockholm Convention,and medium-chain chlorinated paraffins（MCCPs） with SCCPS-like properties are also of concern. Therefore,this paper comprehensively explains the exposure sources,exposure routes and human exposure risks of CPs in indoor environment at home and abroad,and concludes targeted protective measures,so as to arouse people's attention to indoor CPs exposure and reduce potential health and environmental risks.