Abstract: Objective To evaluate the risk factors in the design,construction,and operation management stages of a rural drinking water safety project using a sand flow filtration process in Jiangmen City,Guangdong Province,and to propose reasonable,scientific,and feasible hygiene recommendations. Methods From June to October 2023,various forms such as data review,on-site investigation,sample testing,and expert consultation were conducted to evaluate the entire water supply process of the project,including engineering design,construction,operation management,and monitoring from the water source to the user end,and effective rectification opinions and suggestions were proposed. Results The selection of the water source and plant site,the layout and management of the plant area,the water production process,the water supply network,the regulating structures,and various water quality inspection results of the project basically met the hygiene standards of the water supply unit. From 2021 to 2023,the source water,factory water,and terminal water were sampled for testing. In October 2021,the total phosphorus and total nitrogen detection values of the source water were 0.05 and 0.76 mg/L,respectively,and in October 2022,the total nitrogen detection value was 0.76 mg/L,all exceeding the Class II surface water limit requirements（total phosphorus ≤0.025 mg/L,total nitrogen ≤0.5 mg/L）. Other indicators met the standards,and there was currently no backup water supply source. The toilet septic tank in the plant area was less than 10 m away from the production structure,which posed a safety hazard. Conclusion The overall water supply scale of the project can meet practical needs,and the overall factory water quality is good. There are certain hygiene risks in terms of water quality,conventional indicator detection ability,and leakage rate of the source water. It is recommended to strengthen water source protection inspections,consider backup water sources as soon as possible,improve the laboratory's water quality detection ability,strengthen the maintenance and management of the water supply network,and ensure the safety of the engineering water supply.

Key words: Rural areas, Flowing sand filtration, Drinking water safety project, Hygiene evaluation.