Table of Content

01 July 2025, Volume 41 Issue 13

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Treatise

Analysis on incidence characteristics of occupational heatstroke in Guangdong Province from 2006 to 2022

JIN Jiachun, LU Caixia, XIA Bing, WANG Shu, ZHOU Shanyu, YANG Aichu

2025, 41(13):  1729-1733. 

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Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of occupational heatstroke in Guangdong Province from 2006 to 2022,and provide a basis for improving the prevention and treatment of occupational heatstroke in the province. Methods The "Occupational Disease and Health Hazard Monitoring Information System" subsystem of the "Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention Information System" was used to collect relevant information on occupational heatstroke cases in Guangdong Province from January 1,2006 to December 31,2022,and their epidemiological characteristics were analyzed. Results A total of 280 cases of occupational heatstroke were diagnosed in Guangdong Province from 2006 to 2022,and the number of diagnosed cases showed an overall upward trend after 2018. The incidence population was mainly male,and the age was mainly concentrated between 40-60 years old. There was no statistically significant difference in the age distribution of onset between different genders（P>0.05）. The diagnosis months were concentrated between August and November,with the highest number of cases in September. There were a total of 270 reported cases in the Pearl River Delta region,with Dongguan,Shenzhen,Foshan, and Guangzhou ranking among the top four in terms of the number of cases. The cases were concentrated in the manufacturing industry,with 130 cases. In addition,they were more common in industries such as environmental sanitation management,labor dispatch services,residential building construction,and other cleaning services. The scale of enterprises was mostly small private companies. The report rate of suspected occupational diseases was 4.2%,and the occupational health examination rate was 12.1%. There was no statistically significant difference in the occupational health examination received by occupational heatstroke cases among gender and age groups of onset（both P>0.05）. Conclusion The reports of occupational heatstroke present a clustering of population,time,region,industry,and enterprise scale,while also indicating a lack of occupational health protection and monitoring capabilities for the occupational population. Further efforts are needed to carry out occupational heatstroke risk warning and targeted risk prevention and control measures. The monitoring,diagnosis,and treatment of occupational heatstroke should be strengthened,and the entire process of occupational heatstroke prevention and control should be improved.

Mediating role of psychological capital in the relationship between work-family spillover stress and occupational burnout among general surgery nurses

LIN Xia, LIU Yue, PENG Shuang

2025, 41(13):  1734-1738. 

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Objective To understand the status of work family spillover pressure,psychological capital,and occupational burnout among general surgery nurses,and to analyze the mediating role of psychological capital. Methods From July to October 2023,a questionnaire survey was conducted on 206 general surgery nurses from 7 grade-A secondary and above hospitals in Enshi Prefecture using the psychological capital scale,work family overflow stress scale,and occupational burnout scale,and the data were analyzed. Results The scores of work family overflow pressure,psychological capital,and occupational burnout for general surgery nurses were （15.26±2.48）,（90.12±16.58）,and （61.47±10.28）points,respectively. Gender,age,educational level,professional title,years of work experience,monthly income,and monthly night shifts were related to work family spillover pressure（all P<0.05）. Age,professional title,years of work,monthly income,and monthly night shifts were related to psychological capital（all P<0.05）. Age,professional title,years of work,monthly income,monthly night shifts,and marital status were related to occupational burnout（all P<0.05）. Occupational burnout was positively correlated with work family spillover pressure（P<0.01）,while work family spillover pressure and occupational burnout were negatively correlated with psychological capital（both P<0.01）. The partial mediating effect of psychological capital on the relationship between work family spillover pressure and occupational burnout among general surgery nurses was 0.254,accounting for 36.49% of the total effect. Conclusion The work family spillover pressure of general surgery nurses can affect their occupational burnout level through psychological capital. Nursing managers can intervene in general surgery nurses from the perspective of psychological capital,improve their psychological capital level,and thereby alleviate the positive impact of work family spillover pressure on occupational burnout.

Analysis of the mediating effect of coping style on work-family conflict,nursing work environment and job burnout among nurses in a tertiary general hospital in Shanghai

YUAN Ying, WANG Wei, YAN Fei, LIU Jing

2025, 41(13):  1739-1743. 

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Objective To understand the current situation of job burnout among nurses in a tertiary general hospital in Shanghai,and explore the mediating role of coping style between work-family conflict,nursing work environment,and job burnout. Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted on 670 nurses in February 2022,and the data was analyzed. Results Totally 499 nurses experienced job burnout,with an incidence rate of 74.48%. Emotional exhaustion,depersonalization,and personal achievement dimensions were at moderate,mild,and severe levels of burnout,respectively. The scores[M（P₂₅,P₇₅）] of work-family conflict,nursing work environment, positive coping style,and negative coping style for nurse were 51（43,56）,3.00（2.90,3.23）,22（17,27）,and 9（7,12）points,respectively. Positive coping style and negative coping style played partially mediating role between work-family conflict and job burnout,with the mediating effects of 0.067 and 0.022,accounting for 4.83% and 1.59% of the total effect,respectively. Positive coping style played a complete mediating effect on nursing work environment and job burnout,with the mediating effect of -0.033,accounting for 100% of the total effect. Conclusion The incidence rate of job burnout among nurses in a tertiary general hospital in Minhang District,Shanghai is relatively high,and personal achievement problems are relatively prominent. Positive coping style played a strong mediating role in work-family conflict,nursing work environment and job burnout. It is suggested that hospital management pay attention to the mental health status of nurses,strengthen guidance for nurses to choose positive and mature coping style,in order to reduce the incidence and severity of job burnout.

Determination of six water-soluble inorganic anions in workplace dust by ion chromatography

MA Xiaoman, LI Yunbing, LIN Sen, LI Wanyi, WANG Yujiang, XIE Junqing

2025, 41(13):  1744-1749. 

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Objective To improve the efficiency of workplace environmental monitoring,explore an ion chromatography detection methods for simultaneously measuring six water-soluble inorganic anions in dust accumulation,including fluoride,chloride,chlorate,nitrate,sulfate,and perchlorate. Methods The samples were sequentially vortexed,sonicated,and centrifuged,and then filtered through a 0.2 μm microporous membrane and a Ba/Ag/H column before being loaded onto a computer. Effective separation was achieved using a potassium hydroxide gradient elution program on an IonPac AS19 chromatographic column. The background value was reduced by a suppressor and detected using a conductivity detector. Results The linear relationship between the six test substances was good within the concentration range of 0.100-10.000 mg/L（0.100-10.000,0.010-0.500,0.500-50.000, 0.005-0.150 mg/L）,and the correlation coefficients（r） were all greater than 0.999. The limits of detection of the method were 0.001-0.139 mg/L,and the limits of quantitation were 0.003-0.463 mg/L. The recovery rates at low,medium,and high concentration levels ranged from 83.8% to 118.3%,with relative standard deviations（RSD） of 0.064% to 3.917%. Conclusion This method has good accuracy, wide linear range,simple and fast operation,and can simultaneously determine six water-soluble inorganic anions in workplace dust accumulation.

Mediating effect of prosocial motivation between job crafting and career calling in clinical nurses

LIU Bojun, LI Hong, YIN Danna, CUI Yi

2025, 41(13):  1750-1753. 

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Objective To understand the mediating effect of prosocial motivation between job crafting and career calling of clinical nurses,and provide a reference for improving the career calling of clinical nurses. Methods From October to December 2023,a convenience sampling method was used to select 531 nurses from 6 grade-A tertiary general hospitals in Shaanxi Province as the survey subjects. General information questionnaire,job crafting scale,prosocial motivation scale and career calling scale were used for the survey,and the data were analyzed. Results The total scores of job crafting,prosocial motivation and career calling of clinical nurse were （76.49±13.14）,（20.22±3.44） and （61.43±13.96）points,respectively. Career calling was positively correlated with job crafting and prosocial motivation（r=0.696,0.705,both P<0.01）,and job crafting was positively correlated with prosocial motivation（r=0.620,P<0.001）. Prosocial motivation played a partial mediating role between job crafting and career calling,accounting for 36.39% of the total effect. Conclusion Job crafting can affect career calling of clinical nurses through prosocial motivation. Nursing managers should formulate scientific and effective interventions to cultivate nurses' job crafting ability,and further stimulate their prosocial motivation to improve the level of career calling.

Analysis of the current situation and influencing factors of workplace interruption among nurses in three tertiary hospitals in Sichuan Province

FAN Yuting, HE Lin, WU Jijun, LI Yuxin

2025, 41(13):  1754-1759. 

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Objective To investigate the status quo of workplace interruption among nurses in three tertiary hospitals in Sichuan Province,and analyze its influencing factors,in order to provide reference for improving the current situation of workplace interruption for nurses and optimizing management plan. Methods From March to April 2024,873 nurses from three tertiary hospitals in western China were selected by convenience sampling method. The socio-demographic data questionnaire,the workplace interruption scale,and the nurses' professional deviation behavior scale were used to conduct the survey,and the data were analyzed. Results The total workplace interruption score of 873 nurses was （22.12±5.18）points,and the dimensional score from high to low was intrusion[（6.21±1.89）points],distraction[（5.59±1.98）points],rest[（5.38±1.75）points],and found to be discrepant [（4.94±1.41）points]. Pearson correlation analysis showed that nurses' workplace interruption was positively correlated with professional deviation behaviors（r=0.409,P<0.01）,which could explain 31.6% of the variation in nurse workplace interruption scores. Conclusion The workplace interruption behavior of nurses in three tertiary hospitals in Sichuan Province is at a moderate to low level. Nurses who are older,have worked for longer periods of time,have higher work intensity,have not received workplace interruption training,and have experienced workplace violence within the past year and have higher professional deviant behaviors have a higher level of workplace interruption. It is suggested that nursing managers should pay attention to the mental health of such nurses and actively take effective measures to further reduce workplace interruption.

Research on the effect of humanistic care based on positive psychology theory on improving negative emotion of AIDS patients

PENG Aiming, SHI Aoli, XIA You, YU Yizhi

2025, 41(13):  1760-1764. 

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Objective To understand the effect of humanistic care based on positive psychology on negative emotion,stress response and hope level of patients with Acquired immune deficiency syndrome（AIDS）. Methods 60 AIDS patients admitted to the Changsha First Hospital from September 2023 to March 2024 were selected and divided into a control group and an observation group according to the nursing plan. The control group（30 cases） adopted routine nursing plan,while the observation group（30 cases） adopted humanistic nursing based on positive psychology theory on the basis of routine nursing care. The changes of emotional state,hope level,medication compliance and stress response were compared between the two groups. Results The scores of self-rating anxiety scale（SAS） and self-rating depression scale（SDS） in the observation group after nursing were（31.93±1.23） and（33.03±1.75）points,respectively,which were lower than those of the control group[（40.30±2.52） and （41.63±2.30）points]（both P<0.05）. After nursing,the medication compliance of the observation group was 93.33%,which was higher than 66.67% of the control group（P<0.05）. After nursing,the total score and dimensions scores of herth pope Index（HHI） in the observation group were （32.90±4.40）,（10.77±1.14）,（11.67±1.63）and（10.53±1.68）points,respectively,all higher than those in the control group [（27.43±3.56）,（8.93±1.01）,（10.07±1.39）,and（8.40±1.19）points]（all P<0.05）. After nursing,the total score and various dimensions score（emotional response score,behavioral response score,physical response） of the stress response questionnaire（SQR） in the observation group were（38.20±2.61）,（15.93±1.05）,（8.97±0.76）,（13.30±0.88）points,which were significantly lower than those in the control group[（48.67±4.26）,（20.40±1.69）,（11.07±1.48）,and （17.07±1.17）points]（all P<0.05）. Conclusion The humanistic care based on positive psychology theory for AIDS patients can effectively reduce their negative emotions and stress response,and improve their hope level and degree of cooperation,which has the value of further popularization and application.

Chain mediating effect of proactive behavior and professional respect between perceived hospital resilience and career success of ICU nurses in 6 grade-A tertiary hospitals in Sichuan Province

LI Qionghua, XIAO Ming, ZHANG Hongying, LUO Yanfen

2025, 41(13):  1765-1770. 

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Objective To investigate the status quo of proactive behavior,professional respect,perceived hospital resilience and professional success of intensive care unit（ICU） nurses in Sichuan Province,and to analyze the relationship between the four factors. Methods A multi-stage sampling method was adopted to conduct a questionnaire survey of 348 nurses from 6 grade-A tertiary hospitals in Sichuan Province from November to December 2023 by using the general information questionnaire,proactive behavior scale,professional respect scale,perceived hospital resilience scale,and professional success scale to construct and verify the chain mediating effect between the four variables. Results The perception of hospital willfulness score of ICU nurses was（102.69±15.94）points,the career success score was（88.64±18.11）points,the proactive behavior score was（35.14±4.82）points,and the professional respect score was（92.77±10.21）points. There were statistically significant differences in perception of hospital resilience scores among ICU nurses with different ages,ICU working years and monthly average income（all P<0.05）. There were significant differences in proactive behavior scores among ICU nurses with different working years,marital status and monthly average income（all P<0.05）. There were statistically significant differences in professional respect scores among ICU nurses with different genders and ICU working years（both P<0.05）. There were statistically significant differences in career success scores among ICU nurses with different genders,ICU working years,and willingness to engage in ICU nursing work（all P<0.05）.The total score of nurses' professional success was positively correlated with the total scores of perceived hospital resilience,proactive behavior and professional respect（all P<0.05）. The direct effect of perceived hospital resilience on nurses' sense of career success was significant, and the effect value was 0.172. Proactive behavior and professional respect as a separate mediating effect and the chain mediating effect of the two were 0.401,0.031,and 0.015,respectively. Conclusion The sense of professional success of ICU nurses in 6 grade-A tertiary hospitals in Sichuan Province is at a medium level. The chain mediating effect of ICU nurses' proactive behavior and professional respect between perceived hospital resilience and career success was established. Nursing managers can promote the improvement of ICU nurses' sense of professional success by improving their proactive work behavior and professional respect.

Analysis of the current situation and influencing factors of occupational compromise among nurses in a grade-A tertiary hospital in Wuhu City

HAN Yating, ZHU Min, JIAO Min, WU Yiran, TAO Xiubin, WU Yinyin

2025, 41(13):  1771-1775. 

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Objective To investigate the current situation of nurses' occupational compromise in a grade-A tertiary hospital in Wuhu City, and analyze its influencing factors, in order to provide reference for subsequent intervention. Methods From April to June 2024, 339 nurses from a grade-A tertiary hospital in Wuhu City were selected as the study subjects, and a questionnaire survey was conducted using the general information questionnaire, occupational compromise scale, nurse occupational identity rating scale, overqualified sense scale, and occupational alienation scale, and the data were analyzed. Results The score for nurse occupational compromise was（42. 25±11. 52）points. Nurse occupational compromise was negatively correlated with occupational identity（r=-0. 549, P<0. 01）, and positively correlated with sense of overqualification（r=0. 445, P<0. 01） and occupational alienation（r=0. 605, P<0. 01）. Multivariate linear regression analysis showed that different genders, reasons for choosing nursing, professional identity, sense of overqualification, and professional alienation were all influencing factors of nurse professional compromise（all P<0. 05）, which could explain 51. 4% of the total variation. Conclusion The occupational compromise level of nurses in a grade-A tertiary hospital in Wuhu City is at a moderate to high level. Nursing managers should pay attention to the occupational compromise level of nurses and take targeted nursing measures according to the influencing factors to reduce the occupational compromise level of nurses, improve the working environment of nurses, and promote the stable development of the nursing team.

Analysis of the current situation and influencing factors of the reality impact of newly employed nurses in grade-A tertiary hospitals in Tianjin

ZOU Yi, ZHANG Yajun, MA Hongmei

2025, 41(13):  1776-1780. 

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Objective To understand the current situation of the reality impact of newly recruited nurses in grade-A tertiary hospitals in Tianjin,and analyze its influencing factors,so as to provide reference for clinical nursing management. Methods From July to September 2023,a convenience sampling method was used to select 462 nurses from 5 grade-A tertiary hospitals in Tianjin as the research subjects. A questionnaire survey was conducted using a general information questionnaire,reality shock scale（RSS）,occupational adaptability scale（OAS）,and occupational resilience scale,and the data were analyzed. Results The total score of the reality impact scale for newly recruited nurses in grade-A tertiary hospitals in Tianjin was （78.76±28.45）points,indicating a below-average level. Scores for the different dimensions include job performance（6.66±2.49）points,competence（12.04±5.25）points,professional knowledge（21.09±8.61）points,and relationship cooperation（38.95±14.64）points. Age,current department,average weekly working hours,average weekly overtime hours,occupational adaptability,and occupational resilience entered the regression equation（all P<0.01）,explaining 65% of the total variance. Conclusion The level of reality impact of newly recruited nurses in grade-A tertiary hospitals in Tianjin is below average,with age,current department,average weekly working hours,average weekly overtime hours,occupational adaptability,and occupational resilience identified as independent risk factors. It is recommended that hospital managers pay attention to the impact of the reality impact of newly recruited nurses,take measures to improve their occupational resilience and occupational adaptability,and thereby reduce the reality impact of newly recruited nurses.

Analysis of the relationship between organizational commitment,psychological disengagement and thriving at work of clinical nurses in grade-A tertiary hospitals in Nanjing

WANG Zichun, CHEN Mengyu, WU Ligui, LIU Min

2025, 41(13):  1781-1785. 

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Objective To understand the present situation and correlation of organizational commitment,psychological detachment and thriving at work of clinical nurses in grade-A tertiary hospitals on Nanjing. Methods From January to April,2024,441 clinical nurses from grade-A tertiary hospitals in Nanjing were selected for a questionnaire survey using demographic data questionnaire,medical staff organizational commitment scale,psychological disengagement scale and thriving at work scale,and the data were analyzed. Results The scores of organizational commitment,psychological detachment and thriving at work of 441 clinical nurses were （50.62±5.72）,（13.08±2.54） and （47.25±14.16）points. The dimensions of organizational commitment,psychological disengagement and thriving at work were positively correlated（r=0.321-0.954,all P<0.05）. The structural equation model showed that organizational commitment had both direct and indirect effects on thriving at work,in which the direct effect of organizational commitment on thriving at work was 0.189,and the indirect effect of psychological disengagement on thriving at work was 0.247,accounting for 56.65% of the total effect（both P<0.01）. Conclusion Hospital administrators can improve nurses' emotional commitment to the organization by properly empowering and optimizing the assessment system. At the same time,clinical nurses can also achieve psychological separation by decomposing and refining work tasks,and actively developing interests and hobbies,so as to finally achieve job prosperity and their own career growth.

Research on the development of a survey questionnaire for health education needs of health education bases based on Delphi method

CHEN Chen, ZHAN Fangfang, YANG Shenghui, ZHONG Yu, AN Guangjie

2025, 41(13):  1786-1790. 

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Objective To compile a survey questionnaire on the health education needs of health education base,and provide a scientific and effective evaluation tool for the construction of health education base. Methods A research team was established,initially the survey was designed questionnaire in combination with literature retrieval and other methods,and conducted two rounds of questionnaire consultation with 11 experts using the Delphi method. Results In the two rounds of expert consultation,the response rate of experts were both 100%,the authority coefficients were 0.92 and 0.97,and the coordination coefficient of experts were 0.631 and 0.661,respectively. After revision,a health education needs survey questionnaire for health education base was constructed,which included three dimensions of "base needs","health needs",and "basic information",with a total of 36 items. Conclusion The preliminary compilation of the health education needs survey questionnaire for health education base based on the Delphi method is highly available,providing strong technical support for the improvement of health education base and the optimization of health education content.

Investigation on the current status of KAP and health needs of patients with dyslipidemia in rural areas of Pudong New District,Shanghai

WANG Jiachen, CAI liqiang

2025, 41(13):  1791-1795. 

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Objective To investigate the current status and demands of knowledge-attitude-practice（KAP） of patients with dyslipidemia in rural area of Pudong New District,Shanghai,and to provide basis for health management of patients with hyperlipidemia. Methods From March to December 2021,500 patients with dyslipidemia who met the selection criteria were randomly selected for KAP and health needs questionnaire surveys,and the data were analyzed. Results The practice dimension score of women[（8.64±1.97）points] was higher than that of men[（7.52±2.40）points]（P<0.01）,and the total KAP score of women[（35.47±7.87）points] was also higher than that of men[（33.44±8.64）points]（P<0.01）. Survey subjects with a cultural level above university level had higher knowledge,attitude,practice scores,and total KAP scores than those in middle school,primary school,and below（all P<0.05）. The survey subjects of employees had higher knowledge scores and total KAP scores than farmers,individuals,and retirees（all P<0.05）. Education level,occupation and medical insurance were the independent influencing factors for knowledge score of patients with dyslipidemia（all P<0.05）,education level was an independent influencing factor for attitude scores of patients with dyslipidemia（P<0.05）,gender,education level and occupation were the independent influencing factors for behavior score of patients with dyslipidemia,and gender,education level,occupation and medical insurance level were the independent influencing factors for KAP total score of patients with dyslipidemia（all P<0.05）. In terms of "family doctors providing education on 'hyperlipidemia knowledge'" "family doctors treatment and intervention of Chinese medicine for hyperlipidemia patients（lipid-lowering drugs）" "guidance on massage and health exercises" and "psychological counseling and intervention on diseases",the expected value of the respondents were far higher than the actual perception,the differences were statistically significant（all P<0.05）. Conclusion Male,low education,individual and retired patients with dyslipidemia in rural area of Pudong New District,Shanghai had lower KAP scores,patients with dyslipidemia need more health education,intervention of Chinese patent medicine,traditional Chinese medicine health care,and psychological counseling provided by family doctors.

Mediating effect of psychological resilience in the relationship between perceived stress and job involvement among bus drivers

WANG Ge, WANG Fang, MING Liang, FU Xiao, GUAN Chunlan, SHEN Yuhua

2025, 41(13):  1796-1800. 

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Objective To explore the mediating effect of psychological resilience on the relationship between perceived stress and job involvement in bus drivers. Methods In June 2023,628 bus drivers of a bus company in Anhui Province were selected by convenience sampling method to perform the psychological resilience scale,perceived stress scale and job involvement scale questionnaire tests,and the data were analyzed. Results The total scores of psychological resilience,job involvement and perceived stress scale were （30.63±5.22）,（83.07±10.67） and （41.86±9.55）points. Job involvement of bus drivers was positively correlated with psychological resilience（r=0.35,P<0.01）,and negatively correlated with perceived stress（r=-0.31,P<0.01）. Psychological resilience played a partial mediating role between perceived stress and job involvement（β=-0.325,95%CI：-0.398- -0.258）,accounting for 53.85% of the total effect. Conclusion The bus group should take a variety of intervention measures to improve the psychological resilience of bus drivers and reduce their perceived stress,so as to enhance the level of job involvement of bus drivers.

Analysis of Legionella pneumophila pollution characteristics in a subway cooling tower in a city in Hubei Province

SHI Bin, WANG Fang, WANG Huaiji, CAO Meiling

2025, 41(13):  1801-1805. 

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Objective To study the characteristics of contamination changes of Legionella pneumophila in the cooling tower water of a subway in a city in Hubei Province using Legiolert and isolation culture method,and to evaluate the effectiveness of existing hygiene management measures in controlling Legionella pneumophila. Methods According to the service life of the cooling tower,3 phases lines were randomly selected from the 21 phase lines of a city. From July 2021 to June 2022,during one operating cycle of the cooling tower,researchers from the Wuhan Centers for Disease Control and Prevention sampled all the cooling tower water of the third phase of the project line and conducted simultaneous detection of Legionella pneumophila using Legiolert and isolation culture method. Results There were no statistically significant differences in the detection rate of Legionella pneumophila in cooling towers with long service life within one operating（At the early,middle,and end of operation,the detection rates of the isolation culture method were 36.8%,52.6%,and 68.4%,respectively, χ²_{isolation culture method}=3.800,P>0.05,and the detection rates of Legiolert were 57.9%,52.6%,and 57.9%,respectively, χ²_Legiolert=0.143,P>0.05）. There were statistically significant differences in the detection rate of Legionella pneumophila in cooling towers with medium service life within one operating（At the early,middle,and end of operation,the detection rates of isolation culture method were 4.3%,78.3%,and 73.9%,respectively,χ²_{isolation culture method}=31.712,P<0.05,and the detection rates of Legiolert were 4.3%,91.3%,and 100.0%,respectively, χ²_Legiolert=56.733,P<0.05）. There were statistically significant differences in the detection rate of Legionella pneumophila in cooling towers with shorter service life within one operating（At the early,middle,and end of operation,the detection rates of isolation culture method were 18.8%,81.3%, and 43.8%,respectively, χ²_{isolation culture method}=12.689,P<0.05,and the detection rates of Legiolert were 18.8%,87.5%,and 81.3%,respectively, χ²_Legiolert=19.733,P<0.05）. The detection rate of Legionella pneumophila in cooling towers with medium service life and short service life was lower in the early of operation,but increased in the middle and end of operation. In the middle and end of cooling tower operation,the concentration level of Legionella pneumophila in the cooling tower water of the third phase line tended to be consistent（ χ²_{middle of cooling tower operation}=1.015, χ²_{end of cooling tower operation}=3.198,both P>0.05）. Compared with before the implementation of hygiene management intervention measures,the existing hygiene management measures had a certain inhibitory effect on the proliferation of Legionella pneumophila in cooling towers,but could not completely solve the pollution problem（Cooling towers with long service life：The concentration of Legionella pneumophila before intervention was 338 973.876 MPN/mL,and the concentration of Legionella pneumophila after intervention was 5.200 MPN/mL,Z=-5.309,P<0.05. Cooling towers with medium service life：The concentration of Legionella pneumophila before intervention was 257 992.739 MPN/mL,and the concentration of Legionella pneumophila after intervention was 65.900 MPN/mL,Z=-5.330,P<0.05. Cooling towers with shorter service life：The concentration of Legionella pneumophila before intervention was 278 252.443 MPN/mL,and the concentration of Legionella pneumophila after intervention was 110.650 MPN/mL,Z=-4.827,P<0.05）. Conclusion The cooling tower of a subway in a certain city in Hubei Province with a long service life has serious contamination of Legionella pneumophila in the cooling tower water,and shows a long-term pollution trend. The contamination of Legionella pneumophila in cooling towers with medium to short service life is related to the operation period of the cooling tower,and the pollution is extremely severe during the middle and late stages of the cooling tower operation. The existing hygiene management measures have a certain inhibitory effect on the proliferation of Legionella pneumophila in cooling towers,but have not completely solved the pollution problem.

Analysis of influencing factors on overweight and obesity among primary and middle school students in Shanxi Province

LIU Guoting, ZHANG Xiaohong, MENG Yaqing, HOU Liming, WANG Lijie

2025, 41(13):  1806-1812. 

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Objective To understand the status quo of overweight and obesity of primary and secondary school students in Shanxi Province and its influencing factors,and to provide basis for government departments to take targeted intervention measures. Methods A stratified cluster random sampling method was used to conduct health examinations and questionnaires survey among 125 734 primary and secondary school students in 11 cities in Shanxi Province in 2022. χ² test and multivariate binary logistic regression were used to analyze the influencing factors of overweight and obesity among primary and secondary school students. Results In 2022,among 125 734 primary and secondary school students in Shanxi Province,the detection rate of overweight was 17.56%,and the detection rate of obesity was 16.57%. The detection rates of overweight and obesity in boys were 19.42% and 20.36%,respectively,which were higher than those in girls（15.70% and 12.77%）（ χ²_overweight=301.207, χ²_obesity=1 309.644,both P<0.01）. The detection rates of overweight and obesity among urban students were 19.37% and 18.32%,respectively,which were higher than those of students in suburban counties（17.06% and 16.08%）（ χ²_overweight=78.682, χ²_obesity=77.778,both P<0.01）. By stage analysis,the detection rate of overweight and obesity in primary school students was the highest（37.72%）,followed by ordinary high school students（33.75%） and vocational high school students（31.42%）,and junior high school students was the lowest（31.03%）（ χ²=484.448,P<0.01）. The results of multivariate binary logistic regression analysis showed that urban area,not living in school,not getting enough sleep,watching TV 1-<2 hours per day on average in the past week,attending cultural tutoring classes for ≥1 h in the past week,eating ≥3 kinds of fresh fruits per day in the past week,eating vegetables at least once a day for the past week,parents often in order to let students have more time spent doing homework or attending after-school classes while reducing exercise time were both risk factors for overweight and obesity in primary and secondary school students（all P<0.05）. Girls,junior high school,vocational high school,able to do ≥60 min of moderate and vigorous exercise per day in the past week high number of days（≥6 day）,few can do ≥60 min of moderate and vigorous exercise per day on weekends or holidays,most can do or all can do ≥60 min of moderate and vigorous exercise per day on weekends or holidays,eat fresh fruit less than once a day for the past week,eat fried food in the past week,eat breakfast frequently in the past week（sometimes eat,daily eating） were protective factors for overweight and obesity in primary and secondary school students（all P<0.05）. Conclusion In 2022,the detection rate of overweight and obesity in primary and middle school students in Shanxi Province is relatively high. It is necessary to strengthen the publicity of knowledge related to overweight and obesity,advocate healthy diet and exercise behaviors,and take targeted intervention measures to control the occurrence and development of overweight and obesity in students.

Chain mediating effect of psychological capital and core self-evaluation between childhood trauma and social adaptation among vocational students

YU Junxin, FU Xiwen, XU Jing, ZHAO Mei

2025, 41(13):  1813-1818. 

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Objective To explore the effects and mechanisms of childhood trauma,psychological capital,and core self-evaluation on social adaptation of vocational college students. Methods In November 2023 and May 2024,a total of 311 students from a vocational college in Zhuozhou,Hebei Province were surveyed using the childhood trauma questionnaire-28 items short form（CTQ-SF）,positive psycap questionnaire（PPQ）,core self evaluations scale（CSES）,and China college student adjustment scale（CCSAS）. The survey was conducted in two batches on an online platform to analyze the relationship between various variables. Results The total scores of childhood trauma,psychological capital,core self-evaluation and social adaptation for 311 vocational college students were （39.55±9.81）,（116.95±25.57）,（33.12±6.82） and （191.46±34.45）points,respectively. Childhood trauma was negatively correlated with social adaptation,psychological capital,and core self-evaluation（r=-0.313,-0.323,-0.372,all P<0.01）,psychological capital was positively correlated with social adaptation and core self-evaluation（r=0.783,0.733,both P<0.01）,and core self-evaluation was positively correlated with social adaptation（r=0.703,P<0.01）. Both psychological capital and core self-evaluation mediated between childhood trauma and social adaptation,with the former having a mediation effect value of -0.157,or 61.811% of the total effect,and the latter having a mediation effect value of -0.044,or 17.323% of the total effect. Psychological capital and core self-evaluation chained mediation between childhood trauma and social adaptation,with a chained mediation effect value of -0.053, accounting for 20.866% of the total effect. Conclusion For individuals with traumatic childhood experiences,enhancing their psychological capital and core self-evaluation is an effective strategy to promote their social adaptation.

Development of a questionnaire on Chinese medicine health culture literacy for primary and secondary school students and its reliability and validity tests

ZHUANG Manting, ZHANG Hui, XIONG Ran, LIU Yonghui, ZHU Fangyi, ZHAI Lixiang

2025, 41(13):  1819-1824. 

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Objective To develop a questionnaire on health literacy of Chinese medicine for primary and secondary school students,and to test its reliability and validity. Methods Based on the theory of "knowledge-attitude-belief-practice"（KABP）,the questionnaire item pool was constructed in December 2023 through literature review,expert consultation and group discussion,and validated and optimized by cognitive interview,item analysis,exploratory factor analysis and reliability test. Results The questionnaires were divided into secondary school students' questionnaire and primary school students' questionnaire,including 15-18 items for basic information and 23-25 items for 3 dimensions of knowledge,attitude and practice. Two rounds of expert consultation were organized and 24 experts were invited,and the expert authority coefficients were 0.900 and 0.950,respectively. Item analysis showed that each item had significant discriminatory power,and the correlation with the total scale score reached a significant level. The questionnaire reliability（Cronbach’s α=0.910） and content validity（I-CVI：0.875-1.000） were excellent. Conclusion The questionnaire based on the theory of KABP has certain reliability and scientific validity,and is suitable for assessing the current status of health literacy of Chinese medicine among primary and secondary school students.

Visual analysis of research hotspots and trends of vocational rehabilitation for coronary heart disease based on CiteSpace software

HU Yaoyao, ZHOU Taihua, ZHU Lingyun, GU Danfeng, LI Xiaojing, LI Li

2025, 41(13):  1825-1830. 

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Objective To analyze the research hotspots and trends in the field of occupational rehabilitation for coronary heart disease（CHD） at home and abroad by using CiteSpace software,so as to provide reference for the development of occupational rehabilitation research for CHD in China. Methods Both the Web of Science Core database and the China National Knowledge Infrastructure database were searched for journal articles from the establishment of the database until April 2024,and use CiteSpace 6.1.R6 software to visually analyze publication volume,authors,keywords,etc. Results A total of 495 English language articles and 38 Chinese language articles were included. The overall trend of domestic and international publications tended to increase slowly. "Social function" and "cardiac rehabilitation" were the hot research topics at home and abroad,in addition,foreign countries also focused on topics such as "disease perception","model" and "follow-up". "Psychological care" and "exercise-centered cardiac rehabilitation" were hot intervention topics in China,while "Cardiac rehabilitation based on exercise","psychosocial therapy" and "structured vocational rehabilitation" were the hotspots of foreign interventions. Conclusion There is still a certain gap in the research of vocational rehabilitation for CHD in China compared to foreign countries. It is suggested that our scholars should learn from the advanced research experience of abroad,innovate,expand,refine and deepen reseacher content and connotation,give full play to the advantages of multidisciplinary collaboration,and promote the development of vocational rehabilitation research on CHD in China.

Visual analysis of nurse empathy fatigue research based on CiteSpace

LIU Linfeng, ZHANG Wen, CAO Jun, WANG Hongyan, RONG xian, LIN qin

2025, 41(13):  1831-1836. 

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Objective To analyze the current status,hotspots,and trends of research on nurse empathy fatigue in China,and provide a basis for conducting related research in this field. Methods Conduct a comprehensive search of relevant studies on nurse empathy fatigue from the establishment of the China National Knowledge Infrastructure database until January 27,2024,and perform co-occurrence and cluster analysis on the research institutions,authors,and keywords included in the research literature using CiteSpace software. Results A total of 157 articles were included for analysis. The number of articles published showed a fluctuating trend over time,with the highest number of articles published in 2019 at 28. The authors with the highest number of publications were TIAN Meimei and SHI Yan,each publishing 3 articles. The institution with the highest number of publications was the School of Nursing,Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,with a total of 3 articles published. The high-frequency keywords were "empathy fatigue","nurse","influencing factors","nursing staff","psychological resilience",etc. Conclusion The research on empathy fatigue among nurses in our country started relatively late,and the number of publications is still relatively small. The research types,departments,and their impact on nursing work are the main research hotspots. It is necessary to strengthen the investigation of the current situation and influencing factors of empathy fatigue,pay attention to the impact of empathy fatigue on work,strengthen cooperation between different regions,research institutions,and teams,achieve cross team and cross regional research on empathy fatigue among nurses,and further reduce the level of empathy fatigue among nurses.

Overview

Research progress on the sense of overqualification among nurses

LI Sui, MA Weilan, LI Xin, XU Ting, WANG Yuting, FENG Yaping

2025, 41(13):  1837-1841. 

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With the increasing demand for high-quality talents in the nursing field,more and more highly educated nursing talents have begun to devote themselves to nursing work. However,excess education and experience can lead to a high sense of overqualification,increase the professional burnout and resignation intention of nurses. The research on the perception of nurses' overqualification in China is still in its early stages,and only the current situation of nurses' overqualification has been studied. This paper reviews the overview,antecedent variables and outcome variables of nurses' overqualification,and strategies to reduce nurses' overqualification,so as to provide reference for nursing medical institutions and nursing managers.

Application progress of health action process approach theory in self-management of chronic disease

RAN Haiye, LUO Yuan, ZHAO Liping

2025, 41(13):  1842-1848. 

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Chronic diseases have a significant impact on the health and quality of life of individuals worldwide. To promote the self-management of chronic diseases patients,it is crucial to develop a comprehensive and sustainable health action self-management strategy with the help of effective theories. Health action process approach（HAPA） theory is a behavior change theory that aims to reveal the process by which individuals change unhealthy behaviors,as well as adopt,maintain,and restore healthy behaviors. This article summarizes the application progress of HAPA theory in self-management of chronic disease in recent years,in order to provide reference and guidance for the practice of chronic disease management.

Research progress on prevention and treatment strategies of AIDS under the background of monkeypox

ZHU Shuyi, WAN Bin, XIAO Xujue, ZHANG Chunlan, CAO Wenjuan, JIN Yan

2025, 41(13):  1849-1853. 

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Acquired immune deficiency syndrome（AIDS） is a syndrome caused by human immunodeficiency virus（HIV） infection, and there is no effective means of prevention and treatment,so it was called super cancer. Monkeypox is a viral zoonosis caused by monkeypox virus（mpox） infection,which has been rapidly spreading worldwide since 2022. Monkeypox and AIDS share similar routes and groups of infections,which result in increasing risks for patients who infected with both diseases,monkeypox epidemic brought critical challenges to patients with AIDS. This article reviews the infection status,transmission routes,infected population,and current prevention and treatment methods of AIDS monkeypox patients,and point out problems we are facing now,in order to provide reference for the prevention and treatment of AIDS monkeypox patients in the future.

Research progress on sleep disorders in ICU nurses

QUE Xiang, YUAN Mei, ZOU Xingshun, HE Ailin, MAO Lifang

2025, 41(13):  1854-1858. 

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Intensive care unit（ICU） nurses,as direct caregivers of critically ill patients,if suffer from long-term sleep disorders,which not only affect their own health,but also affect their work attention,increase the risk of nursing errors,reduce nursing quality,and threaten the safety of patients' lives. This article provides a systematic review of the current research status,evaluation tools,influencing factors,and adverse effects on sleep disorders among ICU nurses both domestically and internationally. The aim is to provide theoretical guidance for improving sleep disorders among ICU nurses and enhancing the quality of medical care in China.

Status of application of engineering protection technology in management of occupational hazards in China

WANG Yi, DUAN Yujian

2025, 41(13):  1859-1862. 

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Engineering protection technology is one of the important means to solve the problem of excessive occupational hazards in workplaces. This paper summarizes the research results of engineering protection technology in places with production dust,production toxins and excessive noise,describes the application of these research results in the process of occupational disease prevention and control,as well as the problems and limitations of existing research,and also points out the future key research directions. The relevant research results have certain guiding significance for further systematic and in-depth research on the prevention and control of occupational disease hazards.

Research progress on special recuperation for military personnel exposed to low-dose ionizing radiation

XIONG Yi, LI Zengming, YANG Jianqiang, KE Jingbin, NIU Jianben, FENG Xin

2025, 41(13):  1863-1866. 

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Focusing on the strategic transformation of military personnel engaged in low-dose ionizing radiation operations from maintaining combat effectiveness to enhancing combat effectiveness,this article sorts out and explores the occupational health risks faced by military personnel engaged in low-dose ionizing radiation operations,summarizes the new model of "six in one" special recuperation,including health assessment,physiological training,psychological training,health rehabilitation,health education,and dietary nutrition. And regarding the issue of restricting the development of special care rehabilitation,the countermeasures were proposed from four aspects,such as service,discipline,talent,and management,providing useful references for promoting the transformation and development of special care rehabilitation for military personnel exposed to low-dose ionizing radiation.

Current status,influencing factors and management challenges of indoor radon levels

YAO Meinan, YU Runqiu, JIANG Wenwen, TANG Xiaozhe, BAI Bin, MA Yongzhong

2025, 41(13):  1867-1872. 

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Radon and its progeny,when inhaled by humans,deposit in the lungs and release alpha particles during radioactive decay,which can damage body cells and increase the risk of lung cancer. Radon and its decay products in residential environments are the second leading cause of lung cancer. This paper comprehensively elaborates on the hazards of radon,the differences in indoor radon concentrations in different building types,the multi-factorial effects on indoor radon content,as well as the current status of indoor radon control levels and standards. Given that children are more sensitive to the potential risks of radon,there should be a particular focus on indoor radon levels in schools and childcare institutions. Currently,various countries have established indoor radon standards for different settings. Through in-depth analysis of these aspects,this article reveals the problems and challenges faced in the current indoor radon research field,and proposes targeted suggestions and prospects,aiming to provide comprehensive and in-depth references for scientific researchers,policymakers,and relevant practitioners,so as to promote more scientific and effective management and response to indoor radon issues.