OCCUPATION AND HEALTH ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (13): 1752-1757.

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Horizontal heating graphite furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy for beryllium element in human blood and urine

CHEN Feng1, WANG Wenjie2, GU Xinyi1(), ZHANG Lulu1, WANG Huiqing3   

  1. 1 Nantong Center for Disease Control and PreventionNantongJiangsu 226007, China
    2 Xuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouJiangsu 221004, China
    3 Wuzhong District Center for Disease Control and PreventionSuzhouJiangsu 215104, China
  • Received:2025-09-12 Revised:2025-12-23 Online:2026-07-01 Published:2026-07-14
  • Contact: GU Xinyi, E-mail:xy217@qq.com

Abstract:

Objective To establish a transverse heating longitudinal Zeeman corrected graphite furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy method for detecting beryllium in human blood and urine. Methods After dilution with Triton and acid deproteinization treatment,the blood samples were introduced into a transverse heating platform graphite tube. Palladium chloride was used as a matrix modifier to optimize the ashing temperature and atomization temperature of graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. The longitudinal Zeeman correction background effect was used to determine human blood and urine. Results The linear range of beryllium in blood and urine was 0-2 μg/L. The regression equation for beryllium in blood(Triton method) wasY=0.040 21X+0.000 03(r=0.999 6),and the detection limit of this method was 0.10 μg/L. The regression equation for beryllium in blood(acid deproteinization method) wasY=0.046 39X+0.000 06(r=0.999 8),and the detection limit of this method was 0.09 μg/L. The regression equation for beryllium in urine wasY=0.044 32X+0.000 04(r=0.998 9),and the detection limit of this method was 0.06 μg/L,the recovery rate was 95.35%-107.85%,and theRSD was 0.60%-4.01%. Compared with WS/T46-1996,the improved new method for determining the concentration of beryllium in urine was higher,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05) through pairedt-test,and the measurement results were closer to the true values. A 2 g/L palladium chloride solution as a matrix modifier showed the best effect in determining beryllium in blood and urine. 1 200 and 2 300 ℃ were selected as the ashing temperature and atomization temperature,respectively. Blood and urine were stored at -18 ℃ for 60 days,and the decrease rate of beryllium in blood was 2.5%,while that in urine was 0. Conclusion The use of (transverse heating) graphite furnace heating technology and longitudinal Zeeman correction background subtraction technology to determine beryllium in blood and urine has a relatively small impact on the matrix effect of biological samples,and the detection limit of the method is low. Moreover,the accuracy and precision of the method can achieve satisfactory experimental results,which is suitable for substrate layer physical and chemical testing centers to detect biological samples of beryllium exposed populations.

Key words: Blood, Urine, Beryllium, Transverse heating, Graphite furnace atomic absorption

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