OCCUPATION AND HEALTH ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (16): 2172-2177.

• Treatise—Occupational Health and Occupational Diseases • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Changes in pulmonary function and blood routine indicators in silicosis patients at different stages and their association with inflammatory cytokine levels

LI Jiahui1, HE Ping2, LI Xuedan3, KOU Jiulong1, YANG Chengxin2()   

  1. 1 Shihezi UniversityShiheziXinjiang 832003, China
    2 The Third People's Hospital of XinjiangUrumqiXinjiang 830091, China
    3 Xinjiang Medical UniversityUrumqiXinjiang 830011, China
  • Received:2025-06-17 Revised:2025-09-16 Online:2026-08-15 Published:2026-08-10
  • Contact: YANG Chengxin,E-mail:304230180@qq.com

Abstract:

Objective To analyze lung function and hematological parameter changes in patients with silicosis at different stages,and their relationship with interleukin-1β(IL-1β) and interleukin-18(IL-18) levels,and to understand the application value of a biomarker evaluation system based on principal component analysis in the staging assessment of silicosis. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted involving occupational dust-exposed individuals,including coal mine administrative staff,undiagnosed dust-exposed subjects,and patients with stage I-III silicosis,who underwent occupational health examinations and treatment at a hospital in Xinjiang from January 2020 to December 2024. Forced vital capacity(FVC),forced expiratory volume in one second(FEV1),and routine hematological parameters were measured. Serum IL-1β and IL-18 levels were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).The Jonckheere-Terpstra trend test was applied to analyze parameter trends,while Spearman correlation analysis was used to assess associations between inflammatory cytokines and pulmonary function indices. Principal component analysis(PCA) was employed to construct a multidimensional biomarker evaluation model. Results As the disease progressed,pulmonary function indicators of patients showed a progressive decline,with FVC decreasing by 41.6%(P<0.01);Serum inflammatory cytokines increased markedly,with IL-1β rising from 0.15 pg/mL in control group to 7.28 pg/mL in stage III silicosis(a 48.5-fold increase) and IL-18 increasing from 136.89 pg/mL to 1187.39 pg/mL(an 8.7-fold increase),with JT values of 8929 and 6744.5,respectively(both P<0.01);In hematological parameters,while lymphocyte percentage declined from 32.98% to 24.4%(P<0.05).Correlation analysis revealed that IL-1β was significantly negatively correlated with FVC(ρ=-0.192,P<0.01). PCA extracted three principal components with a cumulative variance contribution of 97.38%,where principal component 1(PC1) primarily reflected the intensity of inflammatory responses,and principal component 2(PC2) represented the functional status of the hematopoietic system. Conclusion Pulmonary function in patients with silicosis exhibits stage-specific decline,while hematological findings indicate an enhanced inflammatory response. Serum IL-1β and IL-18 levels are closely associated with disease severity and show significant negative correlations with pulmonary function impairment. The multidimensional biomarker evaluation system based on PCA integrates inflammatory markers,hematological parameters,and pulmonary function indices,offering a novel tool for staging assessment and individualized monitoring of silicosis.

Key words: Silicosis, Inflammatory cytokines, Pulmonary function, Principal component analysis, IL-1β, IL-18

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