Research progress on biomarker detection techniques for occupational silicosis

Abstract

Abstract:

Silicosis，a type of occupational pneumoconiosis，has a pathogenesis that is not yet fully elucidated. Contact biomarkers，effect biomarkers，and susceptibility biomarkers can predict the onset of silicosis，as well as assess its progression and prognosis. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay（ELISA），chemiluminescence immunoassay（CLIA），polymerase chain reaction（PCR），and mass spectrometry technology are mature but require advanced laboratory facilities and equipment. "All-in-one" detection technology like liquid chip technology，microfluidic technology，and nanosensor technology simplify operational workflows and enable rapid detection，pointing to a new direction for developing occupational disease biomarker detection technologies. At the same time，the proposed prevention and control pathway of "dynamic biomarker monitoring-multi-dimensional joint screening-risk stratified intervention" offers new strategies for early warning of silicosis，personalized interventions，and optimization of public health policies. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the research progress in biomarker detection technology for occupational silicosis, aiming to serve as a reference for related studies.

Key words: Silicosis, Biomarker, Laboratory testing techniques, "All-in-one" detection technology

CLC Number:

R135.2

GENG Jian, HUANG Xiaoxia, ZHANG Chunyan, WANG Pangyu, WANG Xianang. Research progress on biomarker detection techniques for occupational silicosis. [J]OCCUPATION AND HEALTH, 2026, 42(9): 1277-1283.

Figures/Tables 1

References 66

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项目	技术分类	技术名称	原理/方法	检测标志物/应用	样本类型	优势	局限性	技术延伸
实验室检测技术	ELISA 技术	ELISA	基于抗原-抗体反应，通过酶标抗体与底物显色进行定量分析	TNF-α、TGF-β、 CC16、KL-6、 CTGF、IL-1β等	血液、体液	操作简单、商品化程度高	特异性有限、精密度低，易受人为操作和试剂质量影响
	CLIA技术	CLIA	抗原-抗体反应结合，化学发光信号检测	TNF-α、TGF-β、 CC16、KL-6、 CTGF、IL-1β等	血液、体液	自动化程度高、可检测微量物质	设备成本较高
	PCR技术	qPCR	通过荧光探针标记核酸，实时扩增并检测基因表达量	miR-204-3P、 Fibronectin、 Vimentin、 Collagen Ⅰ/ Ⅲ等基因 mRNA	血液、组织、体液	灵敏度高、可定量分析	需严格实验条件，操作复杂
	蛋白印迹技术	Western Blot	SDS-PAGE电泳分离蛋白，转膜后通过特异性抗体检测	蛋白类	组织、细胞	灵敏度高、特异性强	操作复杂、耗时长、影响因素多	单细胞分辨率蛋白质印迹技术、毛细管和微芯片电泳、微流体自动蛋白质印迹、使用毛细血管电泳和微芯片电泳蛋白质印迹技术
	质谱技术	ICP-MS	电离样本后通过质荷比分析技术	硅元素、二氧化硅以及呼出气中生物标志物	组织、全血、呼出气	高灵敏度（酸法处理，检测限0.20 μg/g；碱法处理，检测限0.46 μg/L）	样本前处理复杂	spICP-MS、SPME-GC-MS、SELDI-TOF-MS
“一体化“检测技术	液相芯片技术	液相芯片技术	荧光编码微球结合抗原-抗体/核酸杂交反应，与荧光标记抗体结合，双激光检测	TNF-α、IL-6、 CCL2、 CXCL10等	血液、体液	样本用量少、操作简单、快速、成本低、灵活性好	仅能检测2~ 16个样本	液相芯片多重检测技术
	微流控技术	微流控芯片	微流控技术与芯片技术结合，样品处理、分析、检测和其他过程集成到芯片中	IL-13、IL-6、 MUC5AC等；气道模拟	体外模型、血液	小型化、集成化、高通量能力和耗时低	技术开发难度大，临床应用未成熟	人肺远端气道芯片模型、人类芯片上的单个肺泡模型、LOC免疫分析技术
	纳米传感器技术	SWCNT纳米传感器	至少使用一种纳米材料将生物感受器、换能器、信号处理器和显示单元集于一体的检测系统	IL-6、TNF-α以及呼出气中生物标志物	体液、呼出气	尺寸小、质量轻、消耗低和光学性质明显，检测范围25~25 000 pg/mL	需优化稳定性和特异性	石墨烯纳米传感器；16个有机纳米纤维传感器阵列以及定制的样品处理系统

项目	技术分类	技术名称	原理/方法	检测标志物/应用	样本类型	优势	局限性	技术延伸
实验室检测技术	ELISA 技术	ELISA	基于抗原-抗体反应，通过酶标抗体与底物显色进行定量分析	TNF-α、TGF-β、 CC16、KL-6、 CTGF、IL-1β等	血液、体液	操作简单、商品化程度高	特异性有限、精密度低，易受人为操作和试剂质量影响
	CLIA技术	CLIA	抗原-抗体反应结合，化学发光信号检测	TNF-α、TGF-β、 CC16、KL-6、 CTGF、IL-1β等	血液、体液	自动化程度高、可检测微量物质	设备成本较高
	PCR技术	qPCR	通过荧光探针标记核酸，实时扩增并检测基因表达量	miR-204-3P、 Fibronectin、 Vimentin、 Collagen Ⅰ/ Ⅲ等基因 mRNA	血液、组织、体液	灵敏度高、可定量分析	需严格实验条件，操作复杂
	蛋白印迹技术	Western Blot	SDS-PAGE电泳分离蛋白，转膜后通过特异性抗体检测	蛋白类	组织、细胞	灵敏度高、特异性强	操作复杂、耗时长、影响因素多	单细胞分辨率蛋白质印迹技术、毛细管和微芯片电泳、微流体自动蛋白质印迹、使用毛细血管电泳和微芯片电泳蛋白质印迹技术
	质谱技术	ICP-MS	电离样本后通过质荷比分析技术	硅元素、二氧化硅以及呼出气中生物标志物	组织、全血、呼出气	高灵敏度（酸法处理，检测限0.20 μg/g；碱法处理，检测限0.46 μg/L）	样本前处理复杂	spICP-MS、SPME-GC-MS、SELDI-TOF-MS
“一体化“检测技术	液相芯片技术	液相芯片技术	荧光编码微球结合抗原-抗体/核酸杂交反应，与荧光标记抗体结合，双激光检测	TNF-α、IL-6、 CCL2、 CXCL10等	血液、体液	样本用量少、操作简单、快速、成本低、灵活性好	仅能检测2~ 16个样本	液相芯片多重检测技术
	微流控技术	微流控芯片	微流控技术与芯片技术结合，样品处理、分析、检测和其他过程集成到芯片中	IL-13、IL-6、 MUC5AC等；气道模拟	体外模型、血液	小型化、集成化、高通量能力和耗时低	技术开发难度大，临床应用未成熟	人肺远端气道芯片模型、人类芯片上的单个肺泡模型、LOC免疫分析技术
	纳米传感器技术	SWCNT纳米传感器	至少使用一种纳米材料将生物感受器、换能器、信号处理器和显示单元集于一体的检测系统	IL-6、TNF-α以及呼出气中生物标志物	体液、呼出气	尺寸小、质量轻、消耗低和光学性质明显，检测范围25~25 000 pg/mL	需优化稳定性和特异性	石墨烯纳米传感器；16个有机纳米纤维传感器阵列以及定制的样品处理系统