OCCUPATION AND HEALTH ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (22): 3029-3035.

• Treatise—Occupational Health and Occupational Diseases • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Investigating the impact of low-dose dimethylformamide occupational exposure on workers' liver function indicators based on longitudinal observation

SONG Huan, MA Yue, DING Xuexue, HU Fengxia()   

  1. Suzhou Center for Disease Control and PreventionSuzhouJiangsu 215131, China
  • Received:2025-11-06 Revised:2025-12-01 Online:2026-11-15 Published:2026-09-20
  • Contact: HU Fengxia,E-mail:1628218471@qq.com

Abstract:

Objective To understand the prevalence of chronic liver diseases and abnormal liver function indicators among workers occupationally exposed to N,N-dimethylformamide(DMF) in Suzhou,and identify the trajectories of liver function changes in workers with low-dose DMF exposure. Methods DMF exposed workers who continuously undergoing occupational health examinations in Suzhou from 2018 to 2024 were included as the research subjects,and demographic characteristics and laboratory tests information were collected. Totally 1 260 injured workers in 2024 were selected as the research subjects,including 1 067 males,accounting for 84.68%,with an average age of (39.62±9.73)years. The detection rate of chronic liver disease and the liver function abnormalities were investigated. Latent class growth model(LCGM) was used to analyze the trajectory of liver function indicators of injured workers from 2018 to 2024,and the difference in rate of chronic liver disease between trajectories was compared. Results Chronic liver diseases were detected in 32 cases(2.54%),and abnormal liver function indicators were found in 690 cases(54.76%). The risk of abnormalities in liver injury markers and liver transport/metabolic function indicators in females was 0.22 times(OR=0.22,95%CI:0.13-0.36) and 0.48 times(OR=0.48,95%CI:0.32-0.71) that of males,respectively. In contrast,the risk of abnormalities in liver synthesis function indicators in females was 1.87 times(OR=1.87,95%CI:1.25-2.78) that of males. Among workers exposed to DMF from 2018 to 2024,different trajectories were identified for various liver function indicators. In the high-level increasing trajectories of alanine aminotransferase(ALT),aspartate aminotransferase(AST),and glutamyltranspeptidase(GGT),the rates of chronic liver diseases were significantly higher than those in the corresponding low-level groups(all P<0.05). However,no statistically significant differences were observed in the rates of chronic liver diseases among the trajectories of total bilirubin(TBil),direct bilirubin(DBil),indirect bilirubin(IBil),total protein(TP),and Albumin(ALB)(all P>0.05). Conclusion Workers exposed to DMF in Suzhou exhibit a high rate of abnormal liver function indicators,highlighting the need for enhanced occupational health protection. Long-term low-dose occupational DMF exposure has a more pronounced impact on workers with already elevated liver function indicators. Targeted health monitoring and screening should be strengthened for this subgroup to facilitate early detection of occupational health issues.

Key words: Occupational exposure, Dimethylformamide, Liver function, Chronic liver disease, Latent class growth model, Longitudinal observation

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