Table of Content

15 November 2026, Volume 42 Issue 22

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Treatise—Occupational Health and Occupational Diseases

Influencing factors and mediating role of psychological resilience，social support，job well-being and job burnout among clinical nurses in grade-A tertiary general hospitals in Shanghai

HUANG Zuowei, WANG Qiuxia, LUAN Wei, ZHU Hui

2026, 42(22):  3025-3028. 

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Objective To investigate the influencing factors and mediating effects of psychological resilience，occupational burnout，job well-being，and social support among clinical nurses，providing a theoretical basis for improving job well-being，optimizing the nursing work environment，and developing effective intervention measures. Methods A random sampling method was used to select clinical nurses from 7 grade-A tertiary general hospitals in Shanghai from June to December 2023 as the research subjects. Questionnaires were administered using the psychological resilience scale，social support scale，job well-being scale，and occupational burnout scale，and the influencing factors and mediating effects of psychological resilience，social support，job well-being，and occupational burnout were analyzed. Results A total of 1 174 valid questionnaires were collected. The psychological resilience score of clinical nurses in grade-A tertiary general hospitals in Shanghai was （28.45±0.67）points，the social support score was （53.59±0.73）points，the job well-being score was （23.34±0.46）points，and the occupational burnout score was （47.22±0.40）points. The differences in psychological resilience scores among clinical nurses with different educational backgrounds and professional titles were statistically significant（both P<0.05）. The differences in job burnout scores among clinical nurses with different genders，ages，educational backgrounds，and professional titles were statistically significant（all P<0.05）. The differences in job well-being and social support scores among clinical nurses with different ages，educational backgrounds，and professional titles were statistically significant（all P<0.05）. The psychological resilience of clinical nursing staff was negatively correlated with job burnout（r=-0.607，P<0.01），and positively correlated with job well-being and social support（r=0.712，0.623，both P<0.01）. Job burnout was negatively correlated with both job well-being and social support（r=-0.693，-0.717，both P<0.01），while job well-being was positively correlated with social support（r=-0.682，P<0.01）. The non-standardized total effect of psychological resilience on work well-being was 0.698，with a direct effect of 0.299. The mediating effects of job burnout and social support were 0.207 and 0.192, accounting for 29.656% and 27.507% of the total effect, respectively, with 95%CI not including 0. Conclusion Job burnout and social support play partial mediating roles in the association between psychological resilience and work well-being. Nursing managers should simultaneously address job burnout mitigation and social support enhancement to promote the work well-being of clinical nursing staff.

Investigating the impact of low-dose dimethylformamide occupational exposure on workers' liver function indicators based on longitudinal observation

SONG Huan, MA Yue, DING Xuexue, HU Fengxia

2026, 42(22):  3029-3035. 

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Objective To understand the prevalence of chronic liver diseases and abnormal liver function indicators among workers occupationally exposed to N，N-dimethylformamide（DMF） in Suzhou，and identify the trajectories of liver function changes in workers with low-dose DMF exposure. Methods DMF exposed workers who continuously undergoing occupational health examinations in Suzhou from 2018 to 2024 were included as the research subjects，and demographic characteristics and laboratory tests information were collected. Totally 1 260 injured workers in 2024 were selected as the research subjects，including 1 067 males，accounting for 84.68%，with an average age of （39.62±9.73）years. The detection rate of chronic liver disease and the liver function abnormalities were investigated. Latent class growth model（LCGM） was used to analyze the trajectory of liver function indicators of injured workers from 2018 to 2024，and the difference in rate of chronic liver disease between trajectories was compared. Results Chronic liver diseases were detected in 32 cases（2.54%），and abnormal liver function indicators were found in 690 cases（54.76%）. The risk of abnormalities in liver injury markers and liver transport/metabolic function indicators in females was 0.22 times（OR=0.22，95%CI：0.13-0.36） and 0.48 times（OR=0.48，95%CI：0.32-0.71） that of males，respectively. In contrast，the risk of abnormalities in liver synthesis function indicators in females was 1.87 times（OR=1.87，95%CI：1.25-2.78） that of males. Among workers exposed to DMF from 2018 to 2024，different trajectories were identified for various liver function indicators. In the high-level increasing trajectories of alanine aminotransferase（ALT），aspartate aminotransferase（AST），and glutamyltranspeptidase（GGT），the rates of chronic liver diseases were significantly higher than those in the corresponding low-level groups（all P<0.05）. However，no statistically significant differences were observed in the rates of chronic liver diseases among the trajectories of total bilirubin（TBil），direct bilirubin（DBil），indirect bilirubin（IBil），total protein（TP），and Albumin（ALB）（all P>0.05）. Conclusion Workers exposed to DMF in Suzhou exhibit a high rate of abnormal liver function indicators，highlighting the need for enhanced occupational health protection. Long-term low-dose occupational DMF exposure has a more pronounced impact on workers with already elevated liver function indicators. Targeted health monitoring and screening should be strengthened for this subgroup to facilitate early detection of occupational health issues.

Occupational stress mediates the association between working hours and anxiety tendency among female teachers

WANG Zihuan, LIU Dan, WANG Wenrong, WANG Yue, YE Yan

2026, 42(22):  3036-3040. 

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Objective To investigate the status and influencing factors of anxiety tendency among female teachers，explore the effects of working hours and occupational stress on anxiety，and propose suggestions to help female teachers reduce anxiety tendency. Methods From July to October 2024，a multistage stratified sampling method was employed to survey female teachers from 15 primary and secondary schools in Beijing using self-administered questionnaires. Data were analyzed through group comparisons and linear regression analysis. Results A total of 692 valid questionnaires were collected. The mean age of participants was （38.0±8.9）years. The total scores[M（P₂₅，P₇₅）] of the core occupational stress scale and generalized anxiety disorder-7 for female teachers were 21.0（36.0，47.0） and 5.0（1.0，8.0）points，respectively. There were statistically significant differences in the total anxiety scores of female teachers in different age groups，average monthly income，weekly working hours，long periods of sitting at a desk or leaning forward for a long time，and long periods of the same posture（all P<0.05）.Occupational stress，prolonged standing time，and weekly working hours were positive predictors of anxiety scores of female teachers（all P<0.05）. Occupational stress mediated the effect of weekly working hours on anxiety scores among female teachers，accounting for 32.96% of the total effect. Conclusion The weekly working hours have a direct impact on the anxiety tendency of female teachers，and occupational stress plays a mediating effect between the weekly working hours and anxiety tendency of female teachers. It is necessary to pay attention to the rational arrangement of female teachers' working hours，strengthen occupational stress management，and reduce the occurrence of anxiety tendency among female teachers.

Impact of fragmented short time exercise on the quality of life and job burnout of nursing staff

SUN Shaojing, CHENG Bingyuan, TANG Liqiong, YIN Hui

2026, 42(22):  3041-3046. 

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Objective To investigate the effect of fragmented short time exercise（ES） intervention strategy on the physical shape，flexibility，muscle strength，occupational burnout，and quality of life of female nursing staff during work，and to provide assistance in promoting the work efficiency of clinical nursing talents. Methods A total of 102 female nurses working in Shanghai Jing'an District Central Hospital from March 2022 to July 2023 were selected as the survey subjects and randomly divided into the control group（50 cases） and the intervention group（52 cases）. The control group worked normally and exercised，and the intervention group was treated with ES protocol. Both groups were treated for 4 months，and data were collected at baseline，the pre-intervention stage （T0），2 months after the intervention（T1），4 months after the intervention（T2），6 months after the intervention ended（T3），and 12 months after the intervention ended（T4），including body shape[body mass index（BMI）]，flexibility（reaction speed，5 m steps，time to sit up 5 times），muscle strength（left hand grip），job burnout[Maslach burnout inventory（MBI）] and quality of life[36-item short form health survey（SF-36）]. Results At times T2，T3 and T4，the BMI[（24.73±4.30），（24.29±4.40），（23.22±4.41）kg/m²] of the intervention group was significantly lower than that of the control group（all P<0.05），and repeated measures results showed significant time effects，between-group effects，and interaction effects between the two groups（all P<0.01）. At times T1，T2，T3 and T4，the reaction speed[（821.00±174.37），（803.12±245.47），（745.92±131.25），（673.63±106.93）s]，5-meter walking speed [（3.12±0.86），（2.74±0.48），（2.62±0.48），（2.29±0.35） m/s]，and 5-repetition sit-to-stand time[（7.08±1.39），（6.67±1.38），（6.25±1.36），（5.33±1.06）s] in the intervention group were significantly better than those in the control group（all P<0.05），and significant time effects，between-group effects，and interaction effects between the two groups were found（all P<0.01）. At times T1，T2，T3 and T4，the left-hand grip strength[（23.74±5.42），（24.44±5.05），（24.68±6.24），（25.47±4.73）kg] in the intervention group was significantly higher than that in the control group（all P<0.05），and there were significant time effects，between-group effects，and interaction effects between the two groups（all P<0.01）. At times T1，T2，T3 and T4，the MBI scores and total scores[（81.21±5.08），（78.42±6.63），（76.98±7.99），（73.67±6.58）points] of the intervention group were significantly better than those of the control group，and the differences in time effects，between-group effects，and interaction effects were all statistically significant（all P<0.01）.At times T1，T2，T3 and T4，the total score[（81.00±13.8），（82.73±14.67），（83.29±13.86），（85.32±12.96）points] and scores of each dimension of the intervention group were significantly better than those of the control group（all P<0.05），and the differences in time effects，between-group effects，and interaction effects were all statistically significant（all P<0.01）. Conclusion Implementing the ES intervention program among female healthcare workers can effectively improve body shape，enhance physical flexibility，strengthen muscle strength，significantly alleviate occupational burnout symptoms，，and improve quality of life.

Analysis of individual dose monitoring results of occupational external exposure for radiological workers in a grade-A tertiary hospital in Xuzhou from 2019 to 2023

XU Lifang, WANG Xiyue, XUE Cheng, QIAN Rubei

2026, 42(22):  3047-3051. 

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Objective To analyze the individual dose monitoring data of occupational external radiation exposure from a grade-A tertiary general hospital in Xuzhou City，and provide reference for radiation protection management in medical institutions. Methods The radiation personnel from a grade-A tertiary general hospital in Xuzhou City were selected as the research objects，and the periodic monitoring data that met the inclusion were screened. The personal dose monitoring results of radiation workers from 2019 to 2023 were sorted and statistically analyzed. Results The annual effective dose per capita M（P₂₅，P₇₅） among radiation workers in a grade-A tertiary hospital in Xuzhou City from 2019 to 2023 was 0.08（0.06，0.13）mSv/a，with the 2021 value being significantly lower than those in 2019，2022，and 2023（H=76.402，P<0.05）. Among different occupational categories of radiation workers，the annual effective dose for nuclear medicine staff was higher than that for diagnostic radiology，interventional radiology，and radiation therapy personnel（H=43.111，P<0.01）. No statistically significant difference was observed in the mean annual effective dose among radiation workers with different working seniorities（H=5.703，P>0.05）. There were 8 cases with a single-cycle exposure dose ≥1.25 mSv，accounting for 0.51% of total monitoring cases. The primary cause of 75% abnormal doses was radiation source exposure of dosimeters in the workplace. Conclusion The average annual effective dose level of radiation workers in this grade-A tertiary hospital in Xuzhou is far lower than the national standard.It is necessary to pay attention to the personal dose monitoring of nuclear medicine workers and strengthen the training of standardized operation and protection awareness.

Epidemiological characteristics analysis of new occupational diseases in Yichang City from 2006 to 2023

DU Zhou, HU Chi, ZHAO Lu, CHEN Yu, LI Danjun, LI Yan

2026, 42(22):  3052-3057. 

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Objective To analyze the incidence of occupational diseases in Yichang，and to provide theoretical basis for the formulation of occupational disease prevention and control strategies. Methods A cluster sampling was used to analyze the data of 2 669 newly diagnosed occupational diseases in Yichang from 2006 to 2023. Results A total of 32 types of newly diagnosed occupational diseases were reported，with pneumoconiosis，occupational chemical poisoning and occupational ear，nose，throat，and oral diseases ranking in the top three cases，accounting for 89.77%，4.61% and 3.67% of the total cases，respectively. The major industries were mining（79.81%） and manufacturing（13.08%），with statistically significant differences（χ²=1 210.938，P<0.01）. In terms of economic type，private economy（65.98%） and collective economy（15.29%） were the main types，with statistically significant differences（χ²=75.931，P<0.01）.In terms of enterprise size，small enterprises（60.92%） and medium-sized enterprises（14.87%）were the main types，with statistically significant differences（χ²=135.807，P<0.01）. Conclusion Pneumoconiosis，occupational chemical poisoning and occupational ear，nose，throat，and oral diseases are the main occupational hazards in Yichang，which occur in multiple regions and industries，and private economy and small and medium-sized enterprises are the key monitoring objects of occupational health work in Yichang.

Study on the application of semi-quantitative risk assessment model in wet acid dissolution purification process of precious metal recovery and refining enterprises

YU Yejia, SUN Fei, TAN Chenglong, CUI Li

2026, 42(22):  3058-3063. 

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Objective To identify the key hazard factors and risk positions in the wet acid dissolution purification process of precious metal recycling and refining enterprises through a semi-quantitative risk assessment model，and to provide data support and prevention and control strategies for occupational health management in the industry. Methods From 2024 to 2025，13 precious metal recycling and refining enterprises in Longgang District，Shenzhen City that adopted the wet acid dissolution purification process were taken as the research objects. Data and information were collected through on-site investigation of occupational health. Combined with the semi-quantitative risk assessment model of "Technical Guidelines for Occupational Health Risk Assessment of Chemical Hazardous Factors in the Workplace" and the risk assessment method of occupational accidents and occupational diseases in Romania，the hazard level，exposure level，risk index and overall risk index（Nr） were evaluated to determine the risk level. Results The main hazard factors in this process were classified into three risk levels. The high-risk factors（Nr=4） included carbon monoxide，nitric acid，and sulfuric acid，accounting for 18.75%. The medium-risk factors（Nr=3），comprising hydrochloric acid，sodium hydroxide，ammonia，and five other substances，accounted for 50.00%. The low-risk factors（Nr=2） included five specific factors，accounting for 31.25%. The distribution of job risks was characterized by the highest proportion of acid dissolution and reduction job risks，with the number of people in these positions accounting for more than 50%. The overall risk level of the industry was medium. Conclusion In this process，carbon monoxide，nitric acid and sulfuric acid are the key high-risk factors，and the acid dissolution and reduction positions are the key risk control positions. It is suggested that the overall risk level of the industry be reduced to a "low-risk" level through process optimization，intelligent monitoring and hierarchical control strategies.

Analysis of the mediating effect of mental climate among hidden absenteeism and job burnout of thoracic surgery nurses in grade-A tertiary hospitals in Shanghai

DAI Lili, ZHOU Run, REN Zhonghong, JIA Runyu, XU Ye, HANG Chen

2026, 42(22):  3064-3068. 

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Objective To investigate the current situation of job burnout，hidden absenteeism and mental climate among thoracic surgery nurses，and to analyze the mediating role of mental climate between hidden absenteeism and job burnout. Methods From September to November 2024，201 thoracic surgery nurses from five tertiary hospitals in Shanghai were selected as the research subjects through convenience sampling，and the data were analyzed. Results The scores of mental climate，job burnout and hidden absenteeism of 201 thoracic surgery nurses in Shanghai were （60.59±7.09），（51.43±5.85） and （16.97±4.73）points，respectively. There was a positive correlation between hidden absenteeism and job burnout of nurses in thoracic surgery department（r=0.664，P<0.01），and a negative correlation between hidden absenteeism and mental climate（r=-0.835，P<0.01），and a negative correlation between mental climate and job burnout（r=-0.772，P<0.01）. The mediating effect of mental climate between hidden absenteeism and job burnout accounted for 90.49% of the total effect. Conclusion The level of job burnout of 201 thoracic surgery nurses in Shanghai is at a medium level，and mental climate plays a partial mediating role between hidden absenteeism and job burnout. Nursing managers should pay attention to their mental climate and hidden absenteeism，so as to reduce job burnout and turnover rate of nurses.

Analysis on results of occupational hazard factors detection in key industries of Bayannur City

YANG Yuhong, JIN Feng, HUANG Yakun, LYU Jiaxin, ZHAO Pu, YUN Zhonglong

2026, 42(22):  3069-3074. 

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Objective To understand the current situation of occupational hazards in workplaces of employers engaged in key occupational hazard factor operations in Bayannur City in 2024，in order to provide technical support for formulating occupational disease prevention and control strategies. Methods The detection results of noise，dust and chemical toxins in the workplaces of employers of key occupational hazard operations in Bayannur City in 2024 were collected，and the statistical analysis was performed on the exceeding rate of employers and monitoring posts. Results In 2024，a total of 140 enterprises' workplaces were monitored for occupational hazards in Bayannur City. There were statistically significant differences in the rate of exceeding the standard of employers and monitoring posts in any one factor in the monitoring of different occupational hazards（all P<0.05）. A total of 105 employers were monitored for noise，and 50 employers exceeded the standard，with an exceedance rate of 47.62%. A total of 1 838 monitoring posts were monitored，with 291 monitoring posts exceeding the standard，and the exceeding rate of monitoring posts was 15.83%. A total of 106 employers were monitored for dust，and 38 employers exceeded the standard，with an exceedance rate of 35.85%. A total of 1 185 monitoring posts were monitored，with 107 monitoring positions exceeding the standard，with an exceedance rate of 9.03%. A total of 78 employers were monitored for chemical factors，and 4 employers exceeded the standard，with an exceedance rate of 5.13%.A total of 1 421 posts were monitored，and 11 posts exceeded the standard，with an exceedance rate of 0.77%. The differences in the detection rate of employers and posts that exceeded the standard in any factor in different regions and industries were statistically significant differences（all P<0.05）. The highest detection rate of employers and posts that exceeded the standard in any factor was in Wulatehong Banner，the highest detection rate of employers that exceeded the standard in any factor was in the electricity，heat，gas and water production and supply industry，and the highest rate of posts that exceeded the standard in any factor was in mining. There were no statistically significant differences in the detection rate of employers and posts that exceeded the standard in any factor in enterprises of different scales（all P>0.05）. There were statistically significant differences in the exceedance rates of noise monitoring，dust monitoring，and chemical toxin monitoring among employers of different industries and scales（all P<0.05），and there was no statistically significant difference in the exceedance rates of employers in different regions（all P>0.05）. The highest detection rate of employers that exceeded the standard in noise monitoring and dust monitoring was in mining and large enterprises. The highest detection rate employers that exceeded the standard in chemical monitoring was in the electricity，heat，gas and water production and supply industry and large enterprises. There were statistically significant differences in the over standard rates of noise monitoring，dust monitoring，and chemical toxin monitoring among different regions，industries，and scales of employers（all P<0.05），and the highest detection rate of posts that exceeded the standard was in Linhe District，electricity，heat，gas and water production and supply industry and large enterprises. Conclusion The foundation of occupational prevention and control in Bayannur City is relatively weak，and the key control points of occupational hazards are noise，dust and chemical toxic posts. The supervision of enterprises with excessive hazardous factors such as noise，dust and toxic substances in key industries should be further strengthened，relevant employers should strengthen the control and management of occupational hazards，and implement occupational health work in practice.

Analysis of the regular monitoring of occupational hazards in the chemical industry of Bao'an District，Shenzhen in 2024

CHEN Fuqiang, FENG Jing, DAI Zhiteng, XIAO Yingheng, HUANG Changyou, WANG Lihua

2026, 42(22):  3075-3079. 

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Objective To analyze the implementation of regular occupational hazard monitoring in the chemical industry of Bao'an District，Shenzhen City in 2024，and to provide a scientific basis for precise prevention and control of occupational diseases. Methods Quality checks and data analysis were conducted on the regular monitoring reports of occupational hazards in chemical enterprises of Bao'an District submitted by occupational health technical service institutions through the Guangdong Provincial Occupational Health Quality Control Platform in 2024. Results In 2024，a total of 224 chemical enterprises in Bao'an District carried out regular monitoring of occupational hazards，with an implementation rate of 11.35%. The implementation rate showed a significant decreasing trend with the reduction of enterprise scale（large，medium，small，and micro enterprises），reaching 85.71%，40.00%，21.96%，and 1.95%，respectively（P<0.01）. These enterprises involved 37 459 workers，among whom 18 812 were exposed to occupational hazards，with an exposure rate of 50.22%. The exposure rates to physical factors，chemical factors，and dust were 34.18%，25.48%，and 6.80% respectively，with the leading factors in each category being noise（60.15%），n-hexane（16.92%），and other dust（7.84%）. There were 114 enterprises with excessive occupational hazards，with an over-standard rate of 50.89%，which also showed a decreasing trend with the reduction of enterprise scale（large，medium，small，and micro enterprises），with rates of 83.33%，67.86%，52.38%，and 9.09%，respectively（P<0.01）. The over-standard rates of physical factors，chemical factors，and dust were 50.00%，1.79%，and 0.45%，respectively. Noise had the highest over-standard rate（52.34%），mainly concentrated in the positions of crushing workers and stamping workers. Conclusion The implementation rate of regular monitoring of occupational hazards in the chemical industry of Bao'an District is relatively low，with insufficient implementation in small and micro enterprises，and noise is the main over-standard factor. It is necessary to strengthen occupational health assistance and supervision for small and micro enterprises，focus on noise prevention and control and key post management，so as to comprehensively improve the level of occupational disease prevention and control in the industry.

Study on direct reading method for determination of nitrogen dioxide concentration in workplace air

GUO Hang, SHI Jia, HOU Wensheng, ZHANG Lifang, XU Mijuan

2026, 42(22):  3080-3084. 

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Objective To establish an optimal detection method for nitrogen dioxide（NO₂） using a portable pump suction-type gas detector，providing assistance for emergency detection，daily monitoring and other work. Methods Worksite sampling and laboratory analysis were conducted simultaneously using both the national standard method and the portable pump suction-type detector. The two methods were compared to evaluate the applicability of the direct-reading detection method in workplace air toxicity detection. Results Under standard conditions，the portable detector achieved a minimum detection limit of 0.05 mg/m³ and a quantitation limit of 0.20 mg/m³. The method exhibited high accuracy and precision within the concentration range of 0.20-32.71 mg/m³.Under varying temperature，humidity，and interference conditions，the accuracy ranged from 98.79% to 100.69%.Compared to the national standard method，the relative deviation between the two methods was 0.90%-5.40%. Conclusion Compared with the national standard method，the portable direct-reading method demonstrates superiority in sensitivity，convenience，speed，and accuracy，making it a viable alternative for the detection of NO₂ concentration in the workplace air.

Treatise—Epidemiology and Preventive Health Care

Investigation on knowledge-attitude-practice and influencing factors of inspection and testing among laboratory personnel in Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in Xinjiang

Mayila Mohedaner, GUO Rong, Ailifeire Wumaier, WANG Xiang, LIU Wanli

2026, 42(22):  3085-3091. 

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Objective To understand the current status of knowledge，attitude，and practice（KAP） of laboratory personnel in Centers for Disease Control and Prevention（CDCs） in Xinjiang and explore the influencing factors. Methods A convenient cluster sampling method was used to conduct a KAP questionnaire survey among 273 laboratory personnel from prefectural and county-level CDCs in Xinjiang in October 2024 and April 2025. The data were analyzed using rank sum test，Spearman rank correlation coefficient method，and generalized linear regression method. Results The reliability and validity of each dimension and the total dimension of the KAP scale among laboratory personnel in CDCs in Xinjiang were good.The M（P₂₅，P₇₅） scores of the knowledge，attitude，and practice dimensions were 78.18（65.45，84.55），83.08（75.39，87.69），and 80.00（72.94，87.65）points，respectively. There were positive correlations between knowledge and attitude，knowledge and practice，and attitude and practice scores（r=0.438，0.477，0.533，all P<0.01）. Multivariate linear regression analysis found that there were statistically significant differences in the knowledge dimension regarding age，job content，and learning methods（all P<0.05）；In the attitude dimension，unit level was the influencing factor（P<0.05）；In the behavior dimension，whether the staff continued to enter the laboratory was the influencing factor（P<0.05）；And in the KAP dimension，unit level and whether the staff continued to enter the laboratory were the influencing factors（both P<0.05）. Conclusion The attitude and practice levels of laboratory personnel in the CDCs in Xinjiang are relatively high，but the knowledge level is relatively low.The main influencing factors of KAP of laboratory personnel are age，job content，learning methods，unit level，and whether the staff continued to enter the laboratory，which provide valuable reference for the management，training，and education of laboratory personnel.

Analysis of injury mortality trends and disease burden among residents in Yinchuan City from 2014 to 2023

MAI Chaoping, LI Yan, HU Hao, BAI Xue

2026, 42(22):  3092-3095. 

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Objective To analyze the trends of injury mortality and changes in disease burden in Yinchuan City from 2014 to 2023，and to provide evidence for the development of injury prevention policies in the city. Methods Mortality cases classified under International Classification of Diseases，10th Revision（ICD-10） codes V01-Y98 were collected. Indicators including the mortality rate，age-standardized mortality rate（ASMR），disability-adjusted life years（DALYs），and average annual percent change（AAPC） were statistically analyzed to comprehensively assess the changes in injury mortality and disease burden among residents of Yinchuan City from 2014 to 2023. Results From 2014 to 2023，injury mortality in Yinchuan City decreased significantly. The injury mortality rate dropped from 44.68 per 100 000 in 2014 to 24.98 per 100 000 in 2023，and the ASMR decreased from 48.68 per 100 000 in 2014 to 27.62 per 100 000 in 2023. The corresponding AAPCs were -6.72% and -10.89%，respectively（both P<0.05）. The injury mortality rate was consistently higher in males than in females throughout the period（χ²=416.372，P<0.01）. The top three leading causes of injury deaths for the entire population were falls，motor vehicle traffic accidents，and accidental poisoning. Among males，the top three causes were motor vehicle traffic accidents，falls，and drowning；While for females，they were falls，motor vehicle traffic accidents，and drowning. The leading cause of injury death for the 0-<5 years age group was traffic accidents；For the 5-<15 years age group，it was drowning；For the 15-<60 years age group，it was traffic accidents；And for the ≥60 years age group，it was falls. The disease burden analysis showed that the overall DALYs rate for the entire population was 0.358%. The DALY rate for males（0.537%） was significantly higher than that for females（0.171%），and the difference was statistically significant（Z=150.564，P<0.01）. Conclusion The injury mortality rate and disease burden in Yinchuan City decreased significantly overall from 2014 to 2023， but traffic accidents among males，falls among the elderly，and drowning among children and adolescents remain key directions for preventing injuries in the future.

Dual occupational psychological effects of fear of missing out among ICU nurses

NIE Yixuan, YANG Xuefang, WANG Min, YANG Lihong, XIE Yanci, SHI Juanjuan

2026, 42(22):  3096-3100. 

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Objective To analyze the impact of fear of missing out（FoMO） on occupational psychology of intensive care unit（ICU） nurses，and understand its correlation with work flow and job burnout and key influencing factors，so as to provide evidence-based support for the construction of hierarchical intervention system. Methods A multicenter cross-sectional study design was adopted. From July to October 2024，265 ICU nurses from 6 grade-A tertiary hospitals in Suzhou were selected as the research objects by systematic sampling.The Chinese version of fear of missing out scale，work flow scale and Maslach burnout inventory were used for evaluation，and the data were analyzed. Results The total score of FoMO of ICU nurses was （17.72±6.14）points，and the dimension of fear of missing situation[（9.24±3.86）] was significantly higher than that of fear of missing information[（8.48±2.97）]（t=4.326，P<0.01）.The total score of FoMO was strongly negatively correlated with work flow（r=-0.917，P<0.01），and positively correlated with job burnout（r=0.783，P<0.01）. Gender，position，education and marital status were the key factors for FoMO（all P<0.01）. Conclusion The FoMO among 265 ICU nurses in 6 grade-A tertiary hospitals in Suzhou City shows a multi distribution pattern，and the FoMO can exacerbate job burnout and weaken work flow. It is suggested to build a three-level intervention system of "organization，team and individual"，focus on implementing digital health management strategies for male，junior and less educated nurses，and improve professional psychological resilience through information decompression chamber system and mindfulness shift practice.

Chain mediating role of emotional exhaustion and organizational support between nurses' job insecurity and life satisfaction

XU Yan, LI Xuemei, XU Peidong, ZHAI Tingting, PAN Gang, YANG Xiumu

2026, 42(22):  3101-3106. 

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Objective To understand the chain mediating effects of emotional exhaustion and organizational support between nurses' job insecurity and life satisfaction，providing a basis for managers to take measures to enhance nurses' life satisfaction. Methods From June to July 2025，a convenience sampling method was used to select 1 859 employed nurses from 17 hospitals in Anhui Province as survey subjects. A general information questionnaires，job insecurity scales，emotional exhaustion scale，organizational support scales，and life satisfaction scales were used for the survey，and the data were analyzed. Results The mean score for quantity-based job insecurity items was （2.37±1.02）points，for quality-based job insecurity items was （2.73±0.83）points，and for total job insecurity items was （2.58±0.69）points. The mean score for emotional exhaustion items was （2.93±1.59）points，for organizational support items was （4.36±1.77）points，and for life satisfaction items was （3.23±0.82）points. Professional title was identified as a significant influencing factor of nurses' life satisfaction（F=5.485，P<0.01）. Nurses' job insecurity showed a significant positive correlation with emotional exhaustion（r=0.495，P<0.01），while significant negative correlations were observed with organizational support and life satisfaction（r=-0.611，-0.501，both P<0.01）.Emotional exhaustion exhibited significant negative correlations with organizational support and life satisfaction（r=-0.438，-0.367，both P<0.01）. Organizational support demonstrated a significant positive correlation with life satisfaction（r=0.546，P<0.01）. Emotional exhaustion played a mediating role between job insecurity and life satisfaction，with an effect size of -0.045（95%CI：-0.071--0.021），accounting for 8.98% of the total effect. Organizational support also mediated the relationship between job insecurity and life satisfaction，with an effect size of -0.189（95%CI：-0.224--0.155），accounting for 37.72% of the total effect. Emotional exhaustion and organizational support acted as a chain mediating role between job insecurity and life satisfaction，with an effect size of -0.032（95%CI：-0.042--0.023），accounting for 6.39% of the total effect. Conclusion Job insecurity can affect nurses' life satisfaction through the mediating effects of emotional exhaustion and organization support，as well as a chain mediating effect. Hospital managers need to start from the source of insecurity，reduce emotional exhaustion，cut off its impact on life satisfaction，and strengthen organizational support and policy maintenance to improve the life satisfaction of nursing populations

Relationship between mental health status and personality traits among staff on a subway line in Guiyang

GUAN Qin, LIU Xiaowei, LYU Cui

2026, 42(22):  3107-3111. 

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Objective To investigate the current mental health status of staff on a subway line in Guiyang and analyze its relationship with personality，providing a reference basis for understanding the mental health of subway workers. Methods From May to June 2025，117 staff members from a subway line in Guiyang were surveyed using the symptom checklist 90（SCL-90） and the Eysenck personality questionnaire（EPQ），and the data were analyzed. Results The SCL-90 scores of 117 subway staff were compared with the national norm，and the scores of somatization[（1.046±0.117）points]，obsessive-compulsive symptoms[（1.303±0.352）points]，interpersonal sensitivity[（1.125±0.290）points]，depression[（1.079±0.258）points]，anxiety[（1.100±0.245）points]，hostility[（1.066±0.280）points]，phobic anxiety[（1.042±0.171）points]，paranoid ideation[（1.097±0.329）points] and psychoticism[（1.089±0.192）points] were all lower than the national norm，and the differences were all statistically significant（all P<0.01）. Comparison of SCL-90 scores based on demographic characteristics showed that males[（100.473±20.491）points]，individuals aged 20-<30 years[（101.126±22.070）points]，unmarried individuals[（101.596±22.669）points]，and monthly income of 5 000-<10 000 yuan[（101.223±22.156）points] had relatively higher scores. The EPQ scores of subway staff were compared with the norm，and the differences were statistically significant（all P<0.05）. There was a statistically significant difference in the scores of the neuroticism（N） subscale among subway workers of different ages（t=2.111，P<0.05）. Somatization，obsessive-compulsive symptoms，interpersonal sensitivity，anxiety，phobic anxiety，psychoticism，additional items，and the SCL-90 total score showed significant negative correlations with the EPQ extraversion（E） subscale（r=-0.196，-0.233，-0.194，-0.185，-0.187，-0.261，-0.342，-0.215，all P<0.05）.The SCL-90 total score and all its factor scores showed significant positive correlations with the EPQ neuroticism（N） and lie（L） subscales（all P<0.01）.The SCL-90 "additional items" factor showed a positive correlation with the EPQ psychoticism（P） subscale（r=0.222，P<0.05）. The N and L subscales in EPQ had significant positive predictive effects on the SCL-90 total score（β=0.552，0.160，both P<0.05）. Conclusion The mental health status of staff on this subway line in Guiyang is generally favorable，but certain psychological symptom scores are relatively high，indicating the presence of some mental health issues.Furthermore，there is a significant correlation between mental health and personality traits，attention should be paid to the influence of personality factors in promoting mental health，and targeted psychological interventions and management measures should be taken to improve the mental health level of subway employees.

Epidemiological characteristics of pertussis and the infection circumstances of close contacts in Dalian City from 2023 to 2024

BAI Yu, HAN Yinan, ZHU Lin, LIN Qian, YANG Yue

2026, 42(22):  3112-3116. 

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Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of pertussis and infection status of household close contacts in Dalian City from 2023 to 2024，providing a basis for formulating prevention and control strategies. Methods Epidemiological data of confirmed pertussis cases in Dalian from 2023 to 2024 and laboratory test results of their household close contacts were collected for descriptive epidemiological analysis. Results From 2023 to 2024，the annual incidence rates of pertussis were 2.95/100 000（218 cases） and 0.46/100 000（35 cases），respectively，with seasonal peaks from July to October. Age-specific incidence rates per 100 000 population were 30.76 for 0-<5 years age groups，13.42 for 5-<10 years age groups，2.64 for 10-<15 years age groups，and 0.08 for ≥15 years age groups. The annual average incidence rate of the 0-<1 years old group was 180.60/100 000（122 cases），of which the cases aged 0-<3，3-<6，and 6-<12 months accounted for 51.64%，40.16% and 8.20%，respectively. 91.95% of the 5-<10 year old group received 4 doses of pertussis containing vaccine，while 96.83%，63.35% and 80.00% of the 0-<3，3-<6 and 6-<12 month old groups had no immunization history，respectively. The positive rates of Bordetella pertussis culture，polymerase chain reaction（PCR） testing，and serum PT-IgG antibody detection in the case were 10.77%，86.15% and 65.38%，respectively. Household contacts showed 1.14% culture-positivity and 31.46% PCR-positivity，with PCR-positivity highest among siblings（50.00%），followed by parents（30.00%），grandparents（36.36%），and caregivers or other nursing relatives（25.00%）. All seven Bordetella pertussis isolates were multi locus sequence typing（MLST） ST-2. Conclusion The incidence of pertussis in Dalian from 2023 to 2024 shows a downward trend，suggesting that the increase of the population's immune level after the high epidemic period can lead to the decline of the incidence rate，and the study on the impact of changes in immune level on the incidence rate can be carried out. It is suggested to accelerate the research and application of domestic tetanus，diphtheria and acellular pertussis combined vaccine（Tdap），while strengthening the prevention and control of clustered epidemics in families and schools.

Impact of empathic fatigue on job engagement among military healthcare personnel and the mediating role of perceived social support

HU Lanlan, CHEN Yan, JIA Huan, LI Xiaoping, MA Lulu, LIU Na

2026, 42(22):  3117-3121. 

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Objective To understand the current situation of empathic fatigue，perceived social support and job involvement of military medical personnel，explore the mediating effect of perceptive social support on empathy fatigue and job involvement，so as to provide basis for improving the ability of medical service management in military hospitals and developing emergency plans. Methods By using the convenient sampling method，383 frontline medical staff from 4 general hospitals of a certain Joint Logistics Support Center from April to June 2022 were selected as the survey subjects. The empathy fatigue scale，the perceived social support scale（PSSS），and the Maslach burnout inventory（MBI） were used for assessment，and the data were analyzed. Results The score of empathy fatigue of 383 frontline medical staff was （78.48±8.17）points，the score of perceived social support was （64.72±11.39）points，and the score of work burnout-work engagement was （56.07±17.09）points. Military medical staff with longer working years had lower scores of empathy fatigue in sudden public health events.There were statistically significant differences in the scores of perceived social support among military medical staff with different age，marital status，whether they were only children，educational level，and number of children（all P<0.05）.Working years，whether having participated in sudden public health events，empathy fatigue，and perceived social support were independent influencing factors of work engagement（all P<0.05）. The results of the mediation effect analysis showed that empathy fatigue could indirectly affect work engagement through the mediating effect of perceived social support（β=0.281，95%CI：0.010-0.052），with a mediation effect value of 0.112，accounting for 19.05% of the total effect value（0.588）. Conclusion The medical staff of a certain Joint Logistics Support Center score high in empathy fatigue，perceived social support，and work engagement. Empathy fatigue can indirectly affect the work engagement of military medical staff through the mediating mechanism of perceived social support. Establishing a sound and comprehensive system for perceived social support can help military medical personnel reduce empathy fatigue and improve work quality and efficiency.

Correlation analysis between electronic health literacy and depressive symptoms in the elderly in nursing homes

SHEN Xiangying, CHEN Tingting

2026, 42(22):  3122-3126. 

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Objective To understand the current status and correlation between electronic health literacy and depressive symptoms among elderly people in six elderly care institutions in Yancheng urban area，and analyze the impact of electronic health literacy on depressive symptoms，in order to provide a reference for alleviating depressive symptoms among elderly people in elderly care institutions. Methods From May to August 2025，a random sampling method was used to select 176 elderly people from 6 elderly nursing homes in Yancheng City as survey subjects. General information survey，electronic health literacy scale，and patient health questionnaire depression scale were used for the survey，and the data were statistically analyzed. Results The electronic health literacy score of 176 elderly people in nursing homes was （17.12±6.07）points，with an average score of （2.14±0.76）points for each item. The score for depressive symptoms was （7.38±2.63）points，and the average score for each item was （0.82±0.29）points. The electronic health literacy scores of elderly people in nursing homes with different numbers of chronic diseases，self-rated health status，frequency of monthly child visits，and sleep quality were compared，and the differences were statistically significant（all P<0.05）. There were statistically significant differences in the scores of depression symptoms among elderly people in nursing homes with different numbers of chronic diseases，self-rated health status，economic sources，frequency of monthly child visits，and sleep quality（all P<0.05）. Electronic health literacy and its three dimensions of application ability，evaluation ability，and decision-making ability of elderly people in nursing homes were negatively correlated with depressive symptoms（r=-0.603，-0.557，-0.530，-0.417，all P<0.01）. The number of chronic diseases，frequency of monthly child visits，sleep quality，and electronic health literacy were all influencing factors of depression symptoms among elderly people in nursing homes（all P<0.05）. Conclusion The electronic health literacy of 176 elderly people in nursing homes is at a medium to low level and requires further improvement. Electronic health literacy is significantly associated with depressive symptoms and serves as an important protective factor. By creating a supportive environment and establishing a systematic training system，the electronic health literacy of elderly people in nursing homes can be enhanced，thereby reducing depressive symptoms.

Treatise—Environment and Health

Assessment of the mortality risk of heatwaves in Huai'an City from 2017 to 2024

LUO Shancai, ZHANG Mengnan, XU Mengying, WU Xinyu, SUN Zhongming, GE Hengkang

2026, 42(22):  3127-3131. 

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Objective To explore the health impact of heatwaves on resident deaths in Huai'an City and assess the excess death risk attributable to heatwave events. Methods Daily death counts，meteorological data，and air pollutant data were collected in Huai'an City from 2017 to 2024. A stratified case-crossover study was used to analyze the health impact of heatwaves on resident deaths，and a health risk assessment model was applied to evaluate the excess deaths attributable to heatwaves. Results From 2017 to 2024，there were 31 heatwave events in Huai'an City，totaling 339 days. Generalized additive models（GAM） showed that compared with non-heatwave periods，heatwaves led to increases in non-accidental deaths，circulatory system deaths，and respiratory system deaths from 2017 to 2024 by 5.198%，8.757%，and 13.333%，respectively. The numbers of non-accidental deaths，circulatory system deaths，and respiratory system deaths attributable to heatwave events were 1 402，929 and 423 cases，respectively. Stratified analyses indicated that heatwaves posed a higher death risk for females and elderly people aged ≥75 years. Conclusion Heatwaves in Huai'an City significantly increase the death risk of residents，with a more pronounced effect on patients with respiratory diseases. Females and elderly people aged ≥75 years are vulnerable groups to heatwaves.

Treatise—School Health

Influence of college students' future work self on career adaptability and the role of career exploration，learning investment and career mission

RAN Juan, JI Jing, HE Yue, ZHAO Dan, CHEN Shanshan, DU Guohui

2026, 42(22):  3132-3137. 

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Objective To understand the relationship between future work self，career adaptability，learning engagement，career exploration，and career mission sense，and to examine the chain mediated effect of learning engagement and career exploration，as well as the moderating role of career mission sense in the chain mediation of the impact of future work self on college students' career adaptability. Methods From April to July 2023，a random sampling method was used to conduct a questionnaire survey among college students from six universities in Shaanxi Province. The questionnaire included future job self-clearness scale，career adaptation scale，career exploration scale，learning engagement scale，and career mission scale，and the data were analyzed. Results The total score of the future work self of 1 008 college students in Shaanxi Province was （18.71±4.51）points，the total score of career exploration was （42.52±8.31）points，the total score of learning engagement was （73.40±16.02）points，the total score of career mission was （40.57±6.73）points，and the total score of career adaptability was （90.47±11.83）points.There were pairwise correlations between college students' future work self，career exploration，learning engagement，career mission and career adaptability（r=0.501，0.596，0.602，0.579，all P<0.01）. The independent mediation effects and chain mediation effects of career exploration and learning engagement on the impact of future work self on college students' career adaptability were significant（β=0.146，0.124，0.043，all P<0.01）. Career mission positively moderated the impact of career exploration on learning engagement（β=0.083，P<0.01）. Conclusion Future work self has a significant positive predictive effect on career adaptability.The future work self can indirectly affect career adaptability through career exploration and learning engagement，and can also affect career adaptability through the chain mediation of "career exploration-learning engagement"，in which career mission has a significant moderating effect. The government，schools，and families can take active measures from the dimensions of "future work self-career exploration-learning engagement-career adaptability" to better improve the career adaptability of college students and promote social progress and development

Outbreak investigation of Sapovirus infection in a middle school in Tongzhou District，Beijing

ZHENG Ranran, ZHANG Jianming, ZHANG Ping, YANG Yuqing

2026, 42(22):  3138-3142. 

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Objective To investigate a Sapovirus outbreak in a middle school in Tongzhou District，Beijing in 2025，analyze the causes and risk factors of the outbreak，and provide references for the prevention and control of acute gastroenteritis in schools. Methods Based on the characteristics of the gastroenteritis outbreak at the middle school from May 9 to 13，2025，we conducted a field epidemiological investigation，an environmental health investigation，and laboratory pathogen testing. Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the epidemiological characteristics of the outbreak，and a case-control study was employed to identify the risk factors associated with the outbreak. Results A total of 28 cases were identified，distributed across 5 classes. The attack rates for Class 12 to Class 16 of Senior Grade 2 were 1.96%，16.36%，11.43%，10.00%，and 25.71%，respectively（χ²=11.928，P<0.05）. The predominant clinical manifestations were vomiting（82.1%），nausea（82.1%），and abdominal pain（78.6%）. The number of cases was 24 in males and 4 in females，with attack rates of 17.14% and 2.74%，respectively （χ²=16.787，P<0.05）. The case-control study revealed that multiple visits to the male restroom on the 4th floor of the Senior Grade 2 teaching building on the 11th were a significant risk factor associated with the disease（OR=17.143，95%CI：1.780-164.883）. A total of 9 anal swab specimens from cases，3 anal swab specimens from close contacts，and 7 environmental surface swab specimens were collected. The results showed that 4 case specimens tested positive for Sapovirus nucleic acid，1 swab specimen from a female toilet pit tested positive for astrovirus nucleic acid，and all remaining specimens were negative. Conclusion This outbreak was an acute gastroenteritis outbreak caused by Sapovirus infection. The index case，who attended school while symptomatic，was suspected to be the source of infection. Inadequate decontamination of vomitus in the toilet was identified as the primary contributing factor to the spread of the outbreak. Preventive healthcare departments need to strengthen training for school staff and standardize the disinfection procedures for vomitus.

Analysis of the influential factors and visualization prediction model construction of severe visual impairment and low back pain co-occurrence among primary and middle school students based on machine learning

GU Xiaocheng, YU Mingsheng, ZHAO Xipeng, HE Xiaoyi, CHEN Xinli, HAN Jianjian

2026, 42(22):  3143-3148. 

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Objective To analyze the co-occurrence influencing factors of severe visual impairment and low back pain and establish a predictive model，providing ideas for the prevention and control measures of severe visual impairment and low back pain. Methods A stratified cluster sampling method was employed to select 1 701 primary and secondary school students in the urban area of Qingdao from September to November 2023. A co-morbidity screening for severe visual impairment and low back pain and a questionnaire survey on influencing factors were carried out. Based on the machine learning algorithm Boruta combined with XGBoost，the co-morbidity influencing factors were analyzed and a predictive model was developed，which was visualized by an interactive Nomogram. Statistical analysis was performed using R statistical software version 4.3.3. Results The co-morbidity rate of severe visual impairment and low back pain among primary and secondary school students in the urban area of Qingdao was 15.34%（261 cases）. The main influencing factors selected were grade，types of fruits consumed，days with more than 60 minutes of moderate-to-vigorous-intensity physical activity，moderate-to-vigorous-intensity physical activity for more than 60 minutes on weekends，places for activities during breaks，one fist distance during reading and writing，one foot distance during reading and writing，one inch distance during reading and writing，reading or using electronic screens while lying down，distance of more than 3 meters between eyes and TV screen，daily sleep time，and daily indoor sedentary time，etc.（12 influencing factors，all P<0.05）. The predictive model demonstrated an AUC of 0.782（95%CI：0.750-0.813） in the training set and 0.770（95%CI：0.710-0.829） in the test set，with no statistically significant difference between them（DeLong test P>0.05）. The threshold probabilities for achieving clinical utility were identified as 0.54 in the training set and 0.61 in the test set. Conclusion A machine learning-based predictive model for the co-morbidity of severe visual impairment and low back pain among primary and secondary school students has been developed. The prediction results are presented through visualization tools，which can provide a basis for formulating prevention and control policies for severe visual impairment and low back pain.

Treatise—Literature Analysis

Analysis of knowledge graph construction and evolution path of health-information research for the elderly in China based on CiteSpace

GAO Ming, ZHANG Ruixia, LI Jingyao

2026, 42(22):  3149-3157. 

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Objective To understand the research hotspots and trends in the field of elderly health information in China，providing theoretical support and data reference for improving the efficiency of elderly health information services and assisting in the implementation of the healthy aging strategy. Methods Using bibliometric methods，594 research articles on elderly health information collected from China National Knowledge Infrastructure（CNKI） from January 2014 to April 2024 were retrieved. CiteSpace software was used to draw co-occurrence clustering maps of institutions，authors，and keywords，and time evolution analysis was used to analyze research hotspots and cutting-edge trends. Results The number of articles published from 2014 to 2023 increased from 17 to 113，with a total increase of over 6 times in 10 years. The main research institutions in China included Xiangtan University（n=16），Wuhan University（n=14），Peking University（n=13），etc. The authors with more publications included LIU Yiming（n=6） and HOU Xiaoni（n=5），etc. Nine cluster labels were formed in this field. After removing keywords related to the theme，the most frequently appearing keywords were influencing factors（n=66），health communication（n=42），health literacy（n=40），health management（n=35），etc. The evolution of the theme showed three stages：initial，development，and transformation. Conclusion Research hotspots in China's elderly health information sector primarily focus on seven areas：health needs and behaviors among older adults，health literacy and education，health communication，health management，intergenerational support，healthy aging，and the digital divide. Future trends will concentrate on five key dimensions：integrating health information with specific demographic groups，studying digital reverse-nurturing and intergenerational interactions，exploring technology anxiety and elderly psychology，developing strategies to bridge the digital divide，and conducting multidimensional analyses of influencing factors.

Overview

Discussion on the measurement and evaluation of physical agents in the workplace

XU Guoyong

2026, 42(22):  3158-3162. 

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At present，in China's occupational health standard system，the "Occupational exposure limits for hazardous agents in the workplace Part 2：Physical agents"（GBZ 2.2-2007）specifies occupational exposure limits for various physical agents in the workplace. The "Measurement of physical agents in workplace"（GBZ/T 189 series） specifies the measurement methods for various physical agents in the workplace. Most of the existing occupational exposure limits and measurement methods for physical agents in the workplace have been implemented for nearly 20 years. And the limits and measurement methods for some physical agents mainly follow the standards of the 1980s and 1990s. This paper focuses on discussing the problems encountered in actual measurement and evaluation processes of different physical agents and providing suggestions.

Research progress on the prevalence status，influencing factors，and preventive measures of work-related musculoskeletal disorders among bus drivers

LI Yaoqi, CI Song, ZHAXI Deji

2026, 42(22):  3163-3168. 

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This study reviews the current status，influencing factors，and prevention and control measures of work-related musculoskeletal disorders（WMSDs） among bus drivers.Bus drivers are at high risk of WMSDs due to prolonged restricted postures，poor postures，whole-body and hand-arm vibration exposure，and high psychological stress.Studies at home and abroad have shown significant heterogeneities in the prevalence of WMSDs across different countries or regions，with the lower back and neck being consistently high-incidence sites.The influencing factors of WMSDs in bus drivers are complex，covering four major categories：individual factors，occupational factors，environmental factors，and psychosocial factors.Currently，specific preventive measures can be adopted to reduce bus drivers' exposure to risk factors and thereby control the occurrence of WMSDs.The main measures include health promotion，occupational training related to ergonomics and mental health，optimization of the driving environment，and establishment of a social support system.Existing studies still have limitations such as insufficient sample representativeness and inadequate analysis of multi-factor interaction effects.In the future，it is necessary to conduct large-sample longitudinal cohort studies，deepen the exploration of pathogenesis and analysis of multi-factor interaction effects，and develop more targeted intervention measures to provide a scientific basis for improving the occupational health level of bus drivers.