Analysis of five pollutant element content in takeaway fast food and risk assessment of dietary exposure

Abstract

Abstract: Objective To analyze the content of lead,arsenic,mercury,cadmium,and aluminum in the popular takeaway fast food in Beijing in February 2024 and conduct a preliminary dietary exposure risk assessment. Methods The samples were homogenized and freeze-dried,and the elemental contents were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry（ICP-MS）,combined with estimated weekly intake/provisional tolerable weekly intake（EI/PTWI） method and margin of exposure（MOE） method for exposure risk assessment. Results The content of the five elements in the samples were highly dispersed,with a CV ranging from 73.5%（Pb） to 422%（Cd）,and the overall contamination level was low,with the average content of Pb and Hg below the limit of detection（LOD）,and the average content of arsenic,cadmium,and aluminum at 0.018,0.028,and 9.8 mg/kg,respectively. The average intake of lead,arsenic,mercury,cadmium and aluminum for the whole population was 14.4,27.5,0.85,42.8 μg/d and 4.39 mg/d,respectively. Conclusion The overall exposure risk of lead,arsenic and mercury elemental is relatively low,but there is still some exposure risk in highly contaminated samples in the lower age group. The exposure risks of cadmium and aluminum were closely related to the sample types. The whole population,especially the underage population,should be concerned about the risks associated with the long-term intake of takeaway meals and pay attention to adjusting the dietary structure and balanced diet.

Key words: Takeaway fast food, Lead, Arsenic, Mercury, Cadmium, Aluminium, Content analysis, Dietary exposure assessment

CLC Number:

R155.5⁺1

LIU Ting, LIN Li, ZHOU Ruize, ZHAO Xixi, QI Yunxiao, WANG Linlin. Analysis of five pollutant element content in takeaway fast food and risk assessment of dietary exposure. [J]OCCUPATION AND HEALTH, 2025, 41(10): 1356-1360.

References

[1] 冯海静,郎爽,杨志超,等.互联网+外卖食品的安全问题[J].食品安全质量检测学报,2018,9(16):4219-4222.
[2] 胡益斌. 外卖对人体血液和尿液中重金属含量的影响—以在校大学生为例[D].广州:暨南大学,2022.
[3] 韩余. 我国快餐食品包装物中典型有害物污染特征及健康风险[D].北京:中央民族大学,2021.
[4] 周玉锦,张誉,宋阳,等.2018年四川省外卖配送餐中微生物污染情况分析[J].现代预防医学,2021,48(8):1395-1398.
[5] ZHENG N,LIU J H,WANG Q C.Heavy metals exposure of children from stairway and sidewalk dust in the smelting district,northeast of China[J].Atmos Environ,2010,44(27):3239-3245.
[6] 吴永宁,赵云峰,李敬光.第五次中国总膳食研究[M].北京:科学出版社,2018:2,68,120-137.
[7] 张英,王利.2015—2021年重庆市某区食品中化学污染物监测与膳食风险评估[J].现代疾病预防控制,2023,34(3):225-238.
[8] 于奎峰,刘楠,孙学丽,等.2019—2021年临沂市食品中铅镉污染状况及健康风险评估[J].中国卫生检验杂志,2022,32(22):2804-2806.
[9] 中华人民共和国国家卫生和计划生育委员会,国家食品药品监督管理总局.食品安全国家标准食品中多元素的测定:GB 5009.268—2016[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2016:1.
[10] FAO/WHO.Dietary exposure assessment of chEIcals in food,Report of a Joint FAO/WHO Consultation[R].Maryland:FAO/WHO,2005.
[11] 吴永宁,李筱薇.第四次中国总膳食研究[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2015:63.
[12] European Food Safety Authority.Guidance of the scientific committee on a request from EFSA on the use of the benchmark dose approach in risk assessment[J].Efsa J,2009,1150:1-72.
[13] EFSA Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain(CONTAM).Scientific opinion on lead in food[J].EFSA J,2010,8(4):1570.
[14] NIELS SKOVGAARD SKOVGAARD N.Evaluation of certain contaminants in food Seventy-second report of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives WHO Technical Report[J].Intern J Food Microbiol,2012,153( 3):113.
[15] 黄凤兰,王贺,陈荔,等.稀土元素和铅共同暴露对儿童智力的影响[J].现代医药卫生,2020,36(16):2534-2538.
[16] 张昌,任晓雨,崔航,等.黑龙江省不同产地大米中几种重金属元素的检测及膳食风险评估[J].现代食品科技,2020,36(11):281-287.
[17] 中华人民共和国国家卫生健康委员会,国家市场监督管理总局.食品安全国家标准食品中污染物限量[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2022:1-24.
[18] 中华人民共和国国家卫生和计划生育委员会.食品安全国家标准食品添加剂使用标准[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2014:1.
[19] 黄建萍,陶艳芳,陈秀斌,等.2019~2021年杭州市居民主要膳食的镉暴露风险评估[J].现代预防医学. 2022,49(18):3316-3319.
[20] 陈佳辉,陈京蓉,冯萍,等.重庆市居民膳食铅暴露概率风险评估[J].卫生研究. 2023,52(4):611-617.
[21] 王慧,王博,刘思洁.吉林省居民膳食铅暴露风险评估[J].卫生研究,2019,48(3):488-492.
[22] 袁文婷,刘宇,程国霞,等.陕西主要食品中砷污染及居民膳食暴露风险评估[J].现代预防医学,2021,48(1):55-58.
[23] 刘守钦,杨柳,张军,等.济南市居民膳食中汞暴露评估[J].中国食品卫生杂志,2016,28(5):676-679.
[24] 金庆中,赵耀,吴国华,等.北京地区居民镉摄入量评估[J].首都公共卫生,2017,11(5):243-245.
[25] 华荣,张向东,陈剑锋,等.厦门市居民膳食中铅、镉暴露水平评估[J].卫生研究,2014,43(6):263-268.
[26] 罗贤如,黄薇,张锦周,等.深圳市居民铅镉膳食摄入水平评估[J].职业与健康,2017,33(4):196-200.
[27] 蒋皓,黄利明,王玲莉,等.杭州市居民膳食中铝暴露风险评估[J].中国食品卫生杂志,2023,35(2):224-229.
[28] FAO/WHO.Dietary exposure assessment of chEIcals in food:report of a joint FAO/WHO consultation,Annapolis,Maryland,USA,2-6 May 2005[R].Consultations and workshops,2005.