广西邕江支流口水产品汞的含量及健康风险评价

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的了解广西壮族自治区邕江支流口常见的淡水鱼和螺中汞的含量水平，并评价食用的健康风险。方法 2024年8—12月在广西壮族自治区邕江两个支流口采集10种淡水鱼和石螺，共计461份样本，采用直接测汞仪法对水产品可食部位中的汞含量进行测定，运用单因子污染指数法和目标危害系数法进行污染等级和健康风险评价，并对部分鱼类中的汞含量与重量进行相关分析。结果 11种广西壮族自治区邕江水产品中汞含量最高的是翘嘴鱼，但所有水产品体内的汞含量均未出现超标现象。单项污染指数表明，4.4%白鲢鱼和100.0%翘嘴鱼受到汞的中轻度污染，其余水产品处于正常背景值水平。健康风险评价结果表明，翘嘴鱼的目标危害系数>1，其他10种水产品的目标危害系数均<1。依据相关分析，白鲢鱼和麦鲮鱼体内的汞跟重量具有显著相关性。结论本次所采集的广西壮族自治区邕江水产品中均未发现汞超标，且样品内汞污染均处于较低水平，除了翘嘴鱼这种肉食性鱼类，长期食用其他10种广西壮族自治区邕江水产品不会对人体健康造成潜在威胁。

关键词: 邕江, 水产品, 汞含量, 健康风险

Abstract:

Objective To understand the content of mercury in common freshwater fish and snails in aquatic products from the tributaries of Yongjiang in Guangxi，and to evaluate the health risks. Methods From August to December 2024，461 samples of 10 species of freshwater fish and snail were collected from two tributaries of the Yongjiang river in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. The mercury content in the edible parts of aquatic products was determined using the direct mercury analyzer method. The pollution level and health risk were evaluated using the single factor pollution index method and target hazard quotient，and the correlation analysis between mercury content and weight in some fish species was conducted. Results The highest content of mercury among the 11 aquatic products from the Yongjiang in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region was topmouth culter，but the mercury content in all aquatic products did not exceed the standard. The single pollution index showed that 4.4% of silver carps and 100.0% of topmouth culters were mildly polluted by mercury，while the rest of the fish species were at normal background levels. The health risk assessment results indicate that the target hazard quotient for topmouth culters was greater than 1，while the target hazard quotients for the other ten types of aquatic products were less than 1. According to correlation analysis，it was found that there was a significant correlation between the levels of mercury and weight in the dorsal muscles of silver carp and mirror carp. Conclusion All aquatic products sourced from Yongjiang in Guangxi in this collected samples exhibited no instances of mercury exceeding safe limits，with the mercury contamination in the samples remaining at a relatively low level. With the exception of carnivorous fish like the predatory carp，the prolonged consumption of the remaining ten species of aquatic products from Yongjiang in Guangxi poses no significant risk to human health.

Key words: Yongjiang, Aquatic products, Mercury content, Health risks

中图分类号:

R1551

黄艳桃, 梁善范, 范云燕, 唐琼, 陈思伊, 蒙舒婷. 广西邕江支流口水产品汞的含量及健康风险评价[J]. 职业与健康, 2025, 41(23): 3209-3213.

Yantao HUANG, Shanfan LIANG, Yunyan FAN, Qiong TANG, Siyi CHEN, Shuting MENG. Concentrations and health risks of mercury in aquatic products from the tributaries of Yongjiang in Guangxi[J]. OCCUPATION AND HEALTH, 2025, 41(23): 3209-3213.

图/表 4

参考文献 31

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采样地点	种类	总数	汞含量范围（mg/kg）	$\bar{x}±s$ （mg/kg）	M （mg/kg）
甲支流口	罗非鱼	130	0.006 2~0.037 4	0.015 6±0.005 6	0.014 6
	蓝刀	9	0.034 3~0.071 1	0.052 3±0.012 1	0.049 6
	白鲢鱼	159	0.017 4~0.160 5	0.061 2±0.018 1	0.059 0
	禾花鲤	8	0.005 5~0.018 2	0.012 6±0.004 6	0.014 3
	鲤鱼	11	0.011 5~0.059 0	0.021 7±0.014 0	0.016 7
	麦鲮鱼	72	0.020 9~0.064 0	0.034 6±0.008 8	0.032 5
	翘嘴鱼	2	0.159 0~0.211 0	0.185 0±0.036 7	0.185 0
	清道夫	7	0.020 2~0.035 7	0.029 0±0.005 0	0.029 9
	土鲮鱼	11	0.018 1~0.052 4	0.032 0±0.010 6	0.033 1
	田螺	3	0.022 9~0.038 6	0.029 9±0.007 9	0.028 3
	青梢鱼	2	0.076 8~0.098 7	0.087 8±0.015 5	0.087 8
	总体	414	0.005 5~0.211 0	0.039 4±0.027 0	0.035 2
乙支流口	罗非鱼	17	0.005 6~0.018 9	0.012 9±0.004 3	0.012 7
	白鲢鱼	6	0.026 1~0.049 7	0.040 3±0.010 1	0.042 7
	禾花鲤	5	0.006 8~0.032 9	0.020 3±0.010 8	0.020 8
	麦鲮鱼	8	0.025 2~0.044 8	0.030 0±0.006 3	0.028 1
	土鲮鱼	2	0.032 8~0.071 7	0.052 3±0.027 5	0.052 3
	田螺	9	0.028 7~0.037 4	0.033 1±0.003 1	0.032 6
	总体	47	0.005 8~0.071 7	0.025 2±0.015 3	0.025 9

采样地点	种类	总数	汞含量范围（mg/kg）	$\bar{x}±s$ （mg/kg）	M （mg/kg）
甲支流口	罗非鱼	130	0.006 2~0.037 4	0.015 6±0.005 6	0.014 6
	蓝刀	9	0.034 3~0.071 1	0.052 3±0.012 1	0.049 6
	白鲢鱼	159	0.017 4~0.160 5	0.061 2±0.018 1	0.059 0
	禾花鲤	8	0.005 5~0.018 2	0.012 6±0.004 6	0.014 3
	鲤鱼	11	0.011 5~0.059 0	0.021 7±0.014 0	0.016 7
	麦鲮鱼	72	0.020 9~0.064 0	0.034 6±0.008 8	0.032 5
	翘嘴鱼	2	0.159 0~0.211 0	0.185 0±0.036 7	0.185 0
	清道夫	7	0.020 2~0.035 7	0.029 0±0.005 0	0.029 9
	土鲮鱼	11	0.018 1~0.052 4	0.032 0±0.010 6	0.033 1
	田螺	3	0.022 9~0.038 6	0.029 9±0.007 9	0.028 3
	青梢鱼	2	0.076 8~0.098 7	0.087 8±0.015 5	0.087 8
	总体	414	0.005 5~0.211 0	0.039 4±0.027 0	0.035 2
乙支流口	罗非鱼	17	0.005 6~0.018 9	0.012 9±0.004 3	0.012 7
	白鲢鱼	6	0.026 1~0.049 7	0.040 3±0.010 1	0.042 7
	禾花鲤	5	0.006 8~0.032 9	0.020 3±0.010 8	0.020 8
	麦鲮鱼	8	0.025 2~0.044 8	0.030 0±0.006 3	0.028 1
	土鲮鱼	2	0.032 8~0.071 7	0.052 3±0.027 5	0.052 3
	田螺	9	0.028 7~0.037 4	0.033 1±0.003 1	0.032 6
	总体	47	0.005 8~0.071 7	0.025 2±0.015 3	0.025 9