职业与健康 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (23): 3219-3225.

• 论著 • 上一篇    下一篇

我国≥10岁人群肺结核发病率和死亡率趋势及空间分布

李巧梅1,2, 冀承2, 杨立超2, 吴晶2, 关彩萍3()   

  1. 1.宁夏医科大学第一临床医学院研究生工作办公室,宁夏 银川 750000
    2.银川市第一人民医院院务部,宁夏 银川 750000
    3.中国人民解放军96604部队医院门诊部,甘肃 兰州 730000
  • 收稿日期:2025-02-24 修回日期:2025-03-17 出版日期:2025-12-01 发布日期:2025-12-10
  • 通讯作者: 关彩萍
  • 作者简介:李巧梅,女,助教,主要从事卫生应急工作。

Trend and spatial distribution of incidence and mortality of pulmonary tuberculosis among population aged ≥10 years old in China

Qiaomei LI1,2, Cheng JI2, Lichao YANG2, Jing WU2, Caiping GUAN3()   

  1. 1. Graduate Work Office of the First Clinical Medical College,Ningxia Medical University,Yinchuan,Ningxia 750000,China
    2. Hospital Affairs Department,Yinchuan First People's Hospital,Yinchuan,Ningxia 750000,China
    3. Outpatient Department,Unit 96604,PLA Hospital,Lanzhou,Gansu 730000,China
  • Received:2025-02-24 Revised:2025-03-17 Online:2025-12-01 Published:2025-12-10
  • Contact: Caiping GUAN
  • About author:GUAN Caiping,Attending physician,E-mail:gauncpnn@163.com

摘要:

目的 探究年龄、时期、队列及地理空间对肺结核发病和死亡的影响,为我国结核病防治工作提供参考依据。方法 运用年龄-时期-队列模型分析肺结核发病率和死亡率在年龄、时期和队列上的变化,采用空间统计方法探究肺结核发病和死亡在空间上的聚集性。结果 2005—2019年我国肺结核发病率和死亡率呈现逐年降低趋势,年龄-时期-队列(age-period-cohort,APC)模型分析结果显示,我国≥10岁人群肺结核发病率和死亡率随着年龄的增长而增大,发病率由10~<15岁组的54.552/10万上升至≥85岁组的2 688.965/10万(χ2趋势=1 495.365,P<0.01),死亡率由10~<15岁组的0.063/10万上升为≥85岁组的46.882/10万(χ2趋势=640.712,P<0.01)。以2010—2014年为参照组,2005—2009、2015—2019年我国≥10岁人群肺结核发病率和死亡率时期相对险度(rate ratio,RR)值随着时间的推进均呈现下降趋势;以1965—1969年队列为参考,1965年以前出生的人群肺结核发病率和死亡率RR值显著高于1969年以后出生的人群,1934年及以前出生的人群发病率和死亡率RR值不断上升,1930—1934年出生队列人群RR值出现峰值。地理信息系统(geographic information system,GIS)分析结果显示,2005—2019年我国肺结核发病和死亡在空间上存在聚集性,莫兰指数(Moran’I)>0且Z>1.96,P<0.05。局部自相关结果显示,肺结核发病率和死亡率高-高聚集地主要集中于新疆维吾尔自治区和西藏自治区,低-低聚集地主要集中于东部和中部地区。结论 年龄、时期和队列是影响肺结核发病和死亡的重要因素,肺结核发病和死亡在空间上存在聚集性。因此,需要加大对老年人群的筛查,开展肺结核知识宣传,提高人群健康知识知晓率,同时加大对西藏自治区和新疆维吾尔自治区的经济帮扶,促进卫生资源配置公平性和可及性,保障人群健康。

关键词: 肺结核, 发病率, 死亡率, 年龄-时期-队列模型, 空间分析

Abstract:

Objective To investigate the effect of age,period,cohort and geographical space on the incidence and death of pulmonary tuberculosis,and to provide a reference basis for tuberculosis prevention and treatment efforts in China. Methods Age-period-cohort model was used to analyze changes in incidence and mortality of tuberculosis by age,period and cohort,and spatial statistical method was used to explore the spatial clustering of tuberculosis incidence and death. Results From 2005 to 2019,the incidence and mortality of pulmonary tuberculosis in China showed a decreasing trend year by year. The analysis results of age-period-cohort(APC) model showed that the incidence and mortality of pulmonary tuberculosis in Chinese people aged 10 years and older increased with age,and the incidence increased from 54.552/100 000 in the group aged 10-<15 years to 2 688.965/100 000 in the group aged ≥85 years(χ2trend=1495.365,P<0.01),the mortality rate increased from 0.063/100 000 in the 10-<15 year old group to 46.882/100 000 in the ≥85 years group(χ2trend=640.712,P<0.01). Using 2010-2014 as the reference group,the rate ratio(RR) values of incidence and mortality of pulmonary tuberculosis among people aged 10 years and over in China showed a decreasing trend with the advance of time in 2005-2009 and 2015-2019. Using the 1965-1969 cohort as a reference,the RR for pulmonary tuberculosis incidence and mortality was significantly higher in those born before 1965 compared with those born after 1969,with increasing RR for incidence and mortality in those born 1934 and before,peaking in those born 1930-1934. Geographic information system(GIS) analysis results showed spatial clustering of tuberculosis incidence and death in China from 2005 to 2019,with Moran's >0 and Z>1.96,P<0.05. Local autocorrelation results showed that high tuberculosis incidence and mortality were concentrated in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region and Xizang Autonomous Region,and low-low incidence was concentrated in the east and central regions. Conclusion Age-period-cohort is important factors affecting the incidence and mortality of tuberculosis,and there is a spatially clustering in the tuberculosis incidence and death. Therefore,it is necessary to increase screening of the elderly population,conduct tuberculosis knowledge campaigns,and increase the awareness rate of population health knowledge,while increasing economic aids in Xizang Autonomous Region and Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region to promote equity and accessibility in health resource allocation and protect population health.

Key words: Tuberculosis, Incidence rate, Mortality rate, Age-period-cohort model, Spatial analysis

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