职业与健康 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (23): 3272-3277.

• 论著 • 上一篇    下一篇

南京市宾馆甲醛及苯系物暴露特征及从业人员健康风险评估

张馨玮, 熊丽林, 贾云飞, 朱秋媛, 葛明, 唐彦钊()   

  1. 南京市疾病预防控制中心环境卫生科,江苏 南京 210003
  • 收稿日期:2025-03-02 修回日期:2025-03-17 出版日期:2025-12-01 发布日期:2025-12-10
  • 通讯作者: 唐彦钊
  • 作者简介:张馨玮,女,医师,主要从事环境与健康工作。
  • 基金资助:
    南京医科大学科技发展基金——一般项目(NMUB20240283)

Exposure characteristics of formaldehyde and benzene series in hotels in Nanjing and health risk assessment for employees

Xinwei ZHANG, Lilin XIONG, Yunfei JIA, Qiuyuan ZHU, Ming GE, Yanzhao TANG()   

  1. Department of Environmental Health,Nanjing Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Nanjing,Jiangsu 210003,China
  • Received:2025-03-02 Revised:2025-03-17 Online:2025-12-01 Published:2025-12-10
  • Contact: Yanzhao TANG
  • About author:TANG Yanzhao,Associate chief physician,E-mail:124942251@qq.com

摘要:

目的 了解南京市宾馆空气中甲醛及苯系物的年度动态变化特征,并评估其对从业人员健康可能构成的潜在风险,为宾馆行业制定更为有效的卫生管理策略与措施提供数据支持和参考依据。方法 在2021—2024年间,每年从南京市各区不同级别宾馆中随机选取18家,累计72家,共采集287份空气样本,检测宾馆空气中甲醛、苯、甲苯和二甲苯的浓度,采用Kruskal-Wallis H秩和检验方法比较不同级别宾馆、不同年度间4种空气污染物浓度的差异;依据美国国家环境保护署推荐的健康风险评价模型,并参照WS/T 777—2021《化学物质环境健康风险评估技术指南》中的方法,结合通过问卷调查获取的从业人员的实际工作环境暴露情况,对4种污染物进行致癌风险和非致癌风险评估。结果 甲醛、苯、甲苯和二甲苯总合格率分别为91.3%、100.0%、100.0%和100.0%;2021、2023及2024年,甲醛、苯、二甲苯的质量浓度中位数呈现快捷宾馆>三星级以下宾馆>三星级以上宾馆的趋势(P<0.05);甲醛的质量浓度中位数在2021—2024年间整体呈上升趋势;苯、甲苯和二甲苯的质量浓度中位数整体呈现下降趋势;甲醛的致癌风险值为6.97×10-6~3.00×10-4,苯的致癌风险值为4.18×10-7~1.25×10-5;甲醛的中位数非致癌风险值>1,而苯、甲苯和二甲苯的非致癌风险值均<1。结论 2021—2024年南京市部分宾馆空气中的甲醛浓度存在超标现象,甲醛和苯的暴露对宾馆从业人员健康构成不同程度风险,因此需要进一步深入分析,并予以重点关注。

关键词: 宾馆, 甲醛, 苯, 甲苯, 二甲苯, 健康风险评估

Abstract:

Objective To investigate the annual dynamic changes of formaldehyde and benzene series in indoor air of hotels in Nanjing City,and assess the potential health risks for employees,providing data support and reference for the hotel industry to develop more effective hygiene management strategies and measures. Methods During 2021 to 2024,18 hotels will be randomly selected from various districts of Nanjing each year,totaling 72 hotels. A total of 287 air samples were collected to detect the concentrations of formaldehyde,benzene,toluene,and xylene in the hotel air. The Kruskal-Wallis H rank sum test was used to compare the concentrations of four air pollutants in different levels of hotel and different years. Further,according to the health risk assessment model recommended by the US National Environmental Protection Agency and the methods in WS/ T777-2021 "Technical Guidelines for Assessing Environmental Health Risks Posed by Chemical Substances",the carcinogenic risk and non-carcinogenic risk assessment of the four pollutants were carried out in combination with the actual work environment exposure of employees obtained through a questionnaire survey. Results The overall pass rates were 91.30% for formaldehyde,100.0% for benzene,100.0% for toluene,and 100.0% for xylene. In 2021,2023,and 2024,the median mass concentrations of formaldehyde,benzene,and xylene showed a trend of M(express hotels)>M(hotels below three stars)>M(hotels above three stars)(P<0.05). The median mass concentration of formaldehyde showed an overall upward trend from 2021 to 2024,the median mass concentrations of benzene,toluene,and xylene showed an overall downward trend. The carcinogenic risk value of formaldehyde was 6.97×10-6-3.00×10-4,and the carcinogenic risk value of benzene was 4.18×10-7-1.25×10-5. The median non-carcinogenic risk value of formaldehyde was greater than 1,while the non-carcinogenic risk values of benzene,toluene,and xylene were all less than 1. Conclusion From 2021 to 2024,there is a phenomenon of excessive formaldehyde concentration in the air of some hotels in Nanjing. Exposure to formaldehyde and benzene poses different risks to the health of hotel employees. Therefore,further in-depth analysis is needed and attention should be paid to it.

Key words: Hotel, Formaldehyde, Benzene, Methylbenzene, Xylene, Health risk assessment

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