职业与健康 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (12): 1680-1687.

• 论著—文献分析 • 上一篇    下一篇

急诊医护人员共情疲劳发生现状及其影响因素的系统评价

辛明明1, 李振洋1, 黄丽霞2   

  1. 1 中山市小榄人民医院急诊科(中山市第五人民医院)广东 中山 528415
    2 中山爱达康康复医院急诊科广东 中山 528415
  • 收稿日期:2025-07-25 修回日期:2026-03-10 出版日期:2026-06-15 发布日期:2026-06-18
  • 作者简介:辛明明,男,主管护师,主要从事急诊护理工作。

A systematic review on prevalence and influencing factors of compassion fatigue among emergency medical staff

XIN Mingming1, LI Zhenyang1, HUANG Lixia2   

  1. 1 Department of EmergencyXiaolan People's Hospital of Zhongshan City(Zhongshan Fifth People's Hospital),ZhongshanGuangdong 528415, China
    2 Department of EmergencyZhongshan Aida Kang Rehabilitation Hospital,ZhongshanGuangdong 528415, China
  • Received:2025-07-25 Revised:2026-03-10 Online:2026-06-15 Published:2026-06-18

摘要:

目的 系统评价急诊医护人员共情疲劳的发生率及其影响因素,为制定干预策略提供循证依据。方法 计算机检索PubMed、the Cochrane Library、Web of Science、Embase、中国知网、万方、维普、中国生物医学文献服务系统等中英文数据库,纳入急诊医护人员共情疲劳相关文献,检索时限为建库至2024年9月。由2名研究人员独立筛选文献、提取资料并交叉核对,采用美国卫生保健质量和研究机构(agency for healthcare research and quality,AHRQ)质量评级标准评估研究质量,RevMan 5.4和Stata 17.0被用于meta分析。结果 纳入21篇文献和7 151名急诊医护人员,随机效应模型合并结果显示,急诊医护人员中重度共情疲劳发生率为74.79%(95%CI:71.13%~79.81%)。亚组分析结果显示,样本量差异可能是Meta合并异质性的主要来源(亚组间差异P=0.041);工作压力、低工作满意度、低社会支持和工作场所暴力等是急诊医护人员共情疲劳的危险因素(OR=1.491、1.334、1.303、2.272,均P<0.05);敏感性分析和发表偏倚检测显示,合并结果较为稳健。结论 急诊医护人员共情疲劳流行程度较高,主要受到工作压力、低工作满意度、低社会支持和工作场所暴力等因素的显著影响。建议采取针对性的干预措施,提供心理支持、改善工作环境、加强团队协作和提高工作满意度,以减少急诊医护人员的共情疲劳及其负面影响。

关键词: 急诊科, 医护人员, 共情疲劳, 影响因素, 系统评价

Abstract:

Objective To systematically evaluate the prevalence and influencing factors of compassion fatigue among emergency medical staff,providing evidence-based guidance for developing intervention strategies. Methods A comprehensive search of PubMed,the Cochrane Library,Web of Science,Embase,CNKI,Wanfang,VIP,and CBM databases was conducted to identify literature related to compassion fatigue among emergency medical staff,and the retrieval time limit is from the establishment of the database to September 2024. Two researchers independently screened the literature,extracted data,and cross-checked the results.The study quality was assessed using the agency for healthcare research and quality(AHRQ) rating criteria. Meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.4 and Stata 17.0. Results A total of 22 studies involving 7 315 emergency medical workers were included.The random-effects model showed that the prevalence of moderate to severe compassion fatigue among emergency medical staff was 75.47%(95%CI:71.132%-79.814%). The subgroup analysis indicated that sample size differences might be the primary source of heterogeneity(differences between subgroups P=0.041). The work stress,low job satisfaction,low social support,and workplace violence were risk factors for compassion fatigue among emergency medical workers(OR=1.491,1.334,1.303,2.272,all P<0.05). The sensitivity analysis and publication bias tests indicated that the combined results were robust. Conclusions The compassion fatigue is highly prevalent among emergency medical staff and is significantly influenced by factors such as work stress,low job satisfaction,low social support,and workplace violence.Targeted interventions,such as psychological support,improving work environments,enhancing teamwork,and increasing job satisfaction,are recommended to reduce compassion fatigue and its negative impacts on emergency medical staff.

Key words: Emergency department, Medical staff, Compassion fatigue, Influencing factors, Systematic review

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