职业与健康 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (13): 1790-1794.

• 论著—流行病学与预防保健 • 上一篇    下一篇

工作自主性与心理资本在内科护士工作环境与主观幸福感中的中介效应

熊诗平, 胡聂(), 刘熠, 黄玺, 朱静静   

  1. 武汉大学中南医院湖北 武汉 430000
  • 收稿日期:2025-04-21 修回日期:2025-08-06 出版日期:2026-07-01 发布日期:2026-07-14
  • 通信作者: 胡聂
  • 作者简介:胡聂,E-mail:hunie3144@sina.com
    熊诗平,女,护师,主要从事内科护理工作。

Mediating effect of work autonomy and psychological capital on the working environment and subjective well-being of internal medicine nurses

XIONG Shiping, HU Nie(), LIU Yi, HUANG Xi, ZHU Jingjing   

  1. Zhongnan HospitalWuhan University,WuhanHubei 430000, China
  • Received:2025-04-21 Revised:2025-08-06 Online:2026-07-01 Published:2026-07-14
  • Contact: HU Nie

摘要:

目的 探讨内科护士工作环境对主观幸福感的影响,并考察工作自主性与心理资本在这一过程中的中介作用。方法 2022年3—8月,采用便利抽样方法选取湖北省3所三级甲等医院153名内科护士作为研究对象,采用一般资料调查表、工作自主性、心理资本、工作环境与主观幸福量表收集数据,并对数据进行分析。结果 内科护士在工作环境、工作自主性、心理资本及主观幸福感得分分别为(3.14±0.53)、(3.49±0.77)、(3.55±0.62)和(75.15±14.59)分。Pearson相关分析显示,各变量间均正相关(均P<0.01)。工作环境对主观幸福感有直接预测作用(β=0.389),且正向预测工作自主性(β=0.267)和心理资本(β=0.123),工作自主性亦正向预测心理资本(β=0.287)与主观幸福感(β=0.154),心理资本则直接正向预测主观幸福感(β=0.611),差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.01)。Bootstrap法检验表明,工作环境的直接效应及工作自主性与心理资本的间接、链式中介效应均显著,分别占总效应的70.97%、6.61%、12.10%和10.32%。结论 良好的工作环境有助于提升内科护士的主观幸福感,工作自主性和心理资本在这一过程中发挥重要的中介作用。优化工作环境、提升工作自主性和心理资本水平是提升护士主观幸福感的有效途径。

关键词: 内科护士, 工作自主性, 心理资本, 工作环境, 主观幸福感

Abstract:

Objective To explore the impact of the work environment on subjective well-being among internal medicine nurses,and to examine the mediating role of work autonomy and psychological capital in this process. Methods From March to August 2022,a convenience sampling method was used to select 153 internal medicine nurses from three grade-A tertiary hospitals in Hubei Province as the research subjects. The survey was conducted using general information survey forms,work autonomy scale,psychological capital scale,work environment scale,and subjective well-being scale,and the data were analyzed. Results The scores for the working environment,work autonomy,psychological capital,and subjective well-being of internal medicine nurses were (3.14±0.53),(3.49±0.77),(3.55±0.62),and (75.15±14.59)points,respectively. Pearson correlation analysis showed that all variables were positively correlated(all P<0.01).The work environment had a direct predictive effect on subjective well-being(β=0.389),and positively predicted work autonomy(β=0.267) and psychological capital(β=0.123). Work autonomy also positively predicted psychological capital(β=0.287) and subjective well-being(β=0.154),while psychological capital directly positively predicted subjective well-being(β=0.611),with statistically significant differences(allP<0.01). The Bootstrap test showed that the direct effect of the work environment and the indirect and chain mediated effects of work autonomy and psychological capital were all significant,accounting for 70.97%,6.61%,12.10%,and 10.32% of the total effect,respectively. Conclusion A good working environment helps to enhance the subjective well-being of internal medicine nurses,and work autonomy and psychological capital play important mediating roles in this process. Optimizing the work environment,enhancing work autonomy and psychological capital level are effective ways to improve nurses' subjective well-being.

Key words: Internal medicine nurse, Work autonomy, Psychological capital, Work environment, Subjective well-being

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